• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2005

The runoff characteristics of combined sewer overflow(CSO) in the urban area of Jeonju were investigated and analyzed by using the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) and GIS. From August to November 2004, investigations on two rainfall events were performed and flowrate, pH, BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were measured. these data were used for model calibration. Using GIS technique, watershed characteristics of study area were calculated. that is, divide into sub_basin, total width, slope, make soil map etc. On the basis of the measured data and the simulation results by SWMM, it could be known that the $80-90\%$ of pollution load are discharged in early-stage storm runoff. SMC(site mean Concentration) for combined sewer system area were BOD 28.1, COD 31.5, SS 186 ppm etc. this is shown that during the rain fall, high concentration of waste was loaded to receiving water. Unit loads of combined sewer system area were BOD 306, COD 410, SS 789, T-N 79, T-P 6.8 kg/ha/yr.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2014

This paper investigates whether the use of Rainwater Harvesting Systems (RWHSs) to provide water for washing machines in Hong Kong residential buildings would be financially attractive. In such systems, rainwater is accumulated and reused for doing laundry, garden irrigation, flushing toilets, and even drinking. Thus, the analysis of RWHSs' financial feasibility is essential for construction projects. RainCycle is used to validate financial feasibility, considering particular circumstances and data relevant to the Hong Kong context. A range of different scenarios by adjusting three factors are evaluated: catchment area, water demand, and discount rate. It is suggested that $2,000m^2$ would be a suitable catchment area in a typical Hong Kong residential building and it is demonstrated how water demand and discount rate influence the financial performance of RWHSs. In particular, the financial performance of RWHSs is sensitive to discount rates. The results suggest that the RWH system would be worthwhile for buildings with a lower number of floors, but would barely achieve financial validation in Hong Kong's super high-rise residential buildings.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2002

군위 삼존석굴(국보 109호)은 반상 흑운모 화강암으로 구성되고 이들의 훼손은 풍화에 의해 미생물얼룩, 백색피막, 갈색녹, 입상분해, 변색과 절리 등으로 나타나며 풍화의 요인은 주로 빗물, 누출수분, 기온변화, 생물서식 등이다. 이들의 환경인자는 수분이며 이의 공급원은 빗물이고 공급통로는 절리이다 빗물이 화강암 내의 절리를 따라 스며들어 석굴내부로 누출되어 습기를 많게 하며 미생물을 서식케 하고 결빙을 일으킨다. 삼존석굴 주변의 화강암은 북동동과 북서서 절리조를 규칙적으로 발달시키며, 서로 공액관계에 있어 하나의 절리계를 나타낸다. 북동동 절리조가 훨씬 뚜렷하게 나타나고 석굴 주위에서 4개 절리대를 형성하며, 이중에 J$_{m}$ 과 J$_{3}$ 절리대가 누수의 직접적인 원인이 된다 J$_{m}$ 절리대는 석굴 안쪽의 인장절리로 통하며, 이 인장절리는 석굴 상위의 큰 소나무가 J$_{m}$ 절리틈을 벌림으로서 J$_{m}$ and J$_{3}$ 절리대간의 암반이 토플링 효과로 벌어진 단열이다. 이 경로는 매우 길기 때문에 작은 빗물은 석굴내부까지 누출되지는 않겠지만 큰비는 누출을 상당히 오래 지속시킬 것으로 생각된다. J$_{3}$ 절리대는 석굴입구에서의 훼손에 영향을 미치며, 이곳에는 절리와 균열이 매우 많고 경로가 매우 짧기 때문에 10 mm 이내의 작은 비에도 빗물이 쉽게 석굴내부로 스며든다. 결과적으로 J$_{m}$ 과 J$_{3}$ 절리대가 누수의 원인을 제공하는 빗물의 주 유입부인 것으로 판단되고 문화재를 훼손하는데 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2016

도시화에 따른 불투수면 증가로 인한 자연적 물순환 시스템 왜곡 현상과 더불어 불투수면에 축적된 다양한 오염물질은 강우 시 유역 및 하천으로 유입되어 다양한 오염을 일으킨다. 특히 대부분의 강우가 여름철에 집중되는 국내 계절적 특성은 집중호우에 따른 비점오염물질의 수계 과대 유입에 대한 우려를 높이고 있어, 이를 효과적으로 처리하고 재이용하기 위한 다양한 형태의 빗물처리 및 재이용 시설에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 강우시 지붕 유출수의 오염특성을 파악하고, 강우 초기 고농도 빗물 유출수를 효과적으로 처리하기 위한 소규모의 빗물정원 포함 형태의 빗물처리시설을 구성하였으며, 처리시설에 포함된 빗물정원에서의 오염물질 처리 효율을 높이기 위해 실험실 규모의 인공강우를 이용한 다양한 여재 구성 오염물질(TN, TP, CODcr) 제거율 실험을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 제거효율이 가장 높은 피트머스(Peatmoss)와 자갈, 모래를 구성된 빗물정원을 시범유역에 설치하여 오염물질 제거효율을 측정하였다. 2015년 6월 ~ 7월까지 4회의 실제 강우에 대한 강우사상별 시간별, 강우사상별, 농도별 오염물질 제거율을 분석 한 결과 강우강도가 높거나 강우량이 커질수록 고농도의 오염물질이 빗물처리시설 내 빗물정원으로 유입되었으며, 분석 결과 오염물질의 제거율은 저농도 일 때 보다 고농도 일 때 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 대규모의 빗물처리시설을 설치하기 어려운 도심지에서, 위와 같은 소규모 시설을 효과적으로 활용 한다면, 도시 유역에서 강우시 발생하는 초기세척효과에 의한 비점오염 형태의 오염물질 유입을 차단해 오염물질 부하를 저감하는데 효과적으로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 나아가 도서 지역내 용수공급을 위한 소규모 재이용 시설로도 활용 가치가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제30권B호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

This study was intended to estimate the soil runoff at the basin of Mandaechun where the measure needs to be taken to deal with the increasing muddy water resulting from soil runoff during wet season and torrential rain at the high reaches of the Soyang lake where highland vegetables are cultivated and soil replacement for improvement is carried out every two to three years. The study was carried out in such a way of identifying the topographic factors using geographical spatial data from Water Management Information System (WAMIS) and ARC-VIEW program and estimating the soil runoff by rainfall frequency using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), and furthermore, evaluating the soil runoff contribution at the basin of Mandaechun based on estimate of the soil runoff by section.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2018

광학우적계(PARSIVEL)는 강수 입자의 정확한 직경 및 분포 분석에 용이한 이유로 정밀 기상관측과 레이더 및 우량계 검보정을 위해 널리 사용되고 있다. 하지만 PARSIVEL S/W의 경우, 관측 순간의 각종 변수 및 분석 결과를 이해하기에 용이하나 강우 이벤트 전체를 분석하기 위해서는 별도의 후처리가 요구되는 번거로움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 소형레이더 및 전파강수계의 비교검증 효율성 향상을 위해 그림 1과 같이 PARSIVEL의 자료구조 및 포맷을 분석하여, 즉각적으로 원하는 강우 이벤트에 대해 다양한 분석도구를 적용할 수 있는 S/W를 개발하였다. 그림 2로부터 개발된 S/W로부터의 분석결과를 나타내었으며, 다양한 실험을 통해 제안한 S/W를 이용함으로써 각종 강우량계 비교검증 시 강수분석을 용이하게 함을 확인하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.40-43
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• 2009

We investigated the corrosion resistance of Zn and Cu coated steel pipes as a substitute for Cu pipe in an air-conditioner system. In addition, the galvanic corrosion tendency between two dissimilar metal parts was studied. The corrosion resistance of the Cu electroplated steel was similar to that of Cu, while the corrosion rate of the Zn electro- galvanized and the galvalume (Zn-55 % Al) coated steels was much higher and not suitable for Cu substitute in artificial sea water and acidic rain environments. Furthermore, the galvanic difference between Cu electroplated steel and Cu was so small that the Cu coated steel pipe can be used as a substitute for Cu pipe in an air-conditioner system.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2021

Solar water pumping system (SWPS) is reliable and beneficial for Indian farmers in irrigation and crop production without accessing utility. The capability of easy installation and deployment, makes it an attractive option in remote areas without grid access. The selection of portable solar based pumps is pertaining to its longer life and economic viability due to lower running cost. The work presented in this manuscript intends to demonstrate performance analysis of portable systems. Consequent investigation reveals PSWS as the emerging option for rural household and marginal farmers. This can be attributed to the fact that, a considerable portion (around 45.7%) of the country's land is farmland and irrigation options are yet to reach farmers who entirely rely on rain water at present for harvesting of the crops. According to census 2010-2011 tube wells are the main source for irrigation amongst all other sources followed by canals. Out of the total 64.57-million-hectare net irrigation area, 48.16% is accounted by small and marginal holdings, 43.77% by semi-medium and medium holdings, and 8.07% by large holdings. As per 2015-16 census data, nearly 100 million farming households would struggle to make ends meet. The work included in this manuscript, presents the performance of different commercial brands and different technologies of DC surface solar water micro pumping systems have been studied (specifically, the centrifugal and reciprocating type pumps have been considered for analysis). The performance of the pumping systems has been analyzed and data is evaluated in terms of quantity of water impelled for specific head. The reciprocating pump has been observed to deliver the best system efficiency.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2010

To identify operating parameters of the up-flow filtering system, which is available to discharge filtering residue after the rain, developed for treatment of urban storm runoff, lab scale test was carried out. Removal efficiency of SS was 68.7%, 62.2%, and 58.6% at the area roading rate of 2.46m/h, 4.68m/h, and 10m/h, respectively, filtering device is desirable to operate at the lower than 4.68m/h of area roading rate to get higher level of 60% SS removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of SS was 57.1% ~ 68.7% at the raw water SS of 100mg/L ~ 600mg/L, and the SS in treated water was maintained at the constant level through the elapsed time. It is indicate that filtering device can guarantee a certain level of effluent water quality at various raw water quality. The removal efficiency of SS to the depth of filter media was 68.3%, 78.6% at the filter depth of 10 cm, 20cm respectively. The final treated water quality was showed 30.2mg/L of CODMn, 1.60mg/L of TN and 0.25mg/L of TP. The average removal efficiencies by filtering device developed in this research were recorded slightly lower levels than other research. The main reason of these results were the first, the filter depth of the media used in this test was shallow, the second, the kind of filter media in discharge port of residue. More research to kind of filter media, filter packing rate, select of media for residue discharge port should be go on to produce optimum operating condition. The result of this study would be valuable for the application of filtration device to control of urban storm water.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.389-392
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• 2004

A recent unusual change in the weather is formed as a localized heavy rain in a short time. This phenomenon has caused a flash flood, and flash floods extensively have damaged human lives many times. In large river's case, the extent of loss of lives and properties has been decreased through the flood warning system by flood control stations of each stream. However, the extent of damage in other small rivers has increased reversely. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new flood warning system against flash floods instead of the existing flood warning system. It is a specific character that the damage from flash floods in mountain streams brings much more loss of lives than large river's flood. The purpose of this study is calculating the characteristic of flash floods in streams, analyzing topographical characteristics of water basin through applying GIS techniques with the calculation as mentioned above and researching what topographical conditions have influence on hydrological flash floods in water basin. The flash flood prediction model we used is made by GIUH (geomorphoclimatic instantaneous unit hydrograph) with hydrologic-topographical technology. As applying the flash flood prediction model, this is a procedure for calculating topographical information in basin: we made a topological data up out of database with utilizing GIS, and we also produced a DEM (digital elevation model) and used it as a topographical data for determining amount of flash floods.