• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.647-659
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• 2023

This study is to analyze the lithological similarities between railing stones of Gwanghwamun Woldae and stone blocks stored in Donggureung Royal Tombs, Guri, to interpret the provenance of the stones, and to suggest the most suitable quarry for a new stones supply among the rocks in the Seoul-Pocheon area in order to select stones for the restoration of the Gwanghwamun Woldae. The railing stones in Donggureung are medium to coarse-grained pink biotite granite, and their lithological characteristics, magnetic susceptibility(Average 5.20 ×10^-3 SI unit), and gamma spectrometer data(K 5.00~6.38%, U 4.92~8.56 ppm, Th 27.60~36.44 ppm) show similarities with the remaining railing stones in Gwanghwamun Woldae(Average 5.38). Therefore, the railing stones in Donggureung can be reused for the restoration of Gwanghwamun Woldae. They have similar lithological and geochemical charateristics to the pink biotite granite found the Suraksan Mt. and Buramsan Mr. areas in Seoul, suggesting that these areas are the source of the stone. However, since the Suraksan Mt. and Buramsan Mt. areas are currently unavailable for quarrying, lithological and geochemical analyses on granite from the Yangju and Pocheon areas are conducted to determine the suitability of the new stone for restoration. As a result, a pink biotite granite similar to the Woldae stones was identified in the Pocheon area, and it is suggested that the stones similar in grain size and colour to the railing stones of Gwanghwamun Woldae should be selected and used for the restoration of Gwanghwamun Woldae.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2024

The following are the results of this study, which examined changes in the size of the burial mounds of the 61 Joseon Dynasty royal tombs and the perception of the formative aesthetics of the burial mounds' elevations. First, the diameter of the burial mounds of the Joseon Dynasty royal tombs at the time of their construction was 7.08 to 10.78m. Among the three types of burial mounds, the formal burial mounds with a folding screen-like stonework were large, the burial mounds without stonework were mostly small, and the burial mounds with railing stone-like stonework varied in size. Second, the highly intensive management and repair activities from the Joseon Dynasty to today changed the size and shape of burial mounds. As a result, the size of the burial mounds is now 7.30 to 16.70m. Third, compared to the construction time, the diameters of most of the burial mounds with railing stone-like stonework and without stonework mostly increased. At the same time, there were cases where the diameter of the burial mounds with folding screen-like stonework decreased. Fourth, while the change in the height of the burial mounds with a folding screen-like stonework was small, that of the other two types was large, which is deemed to be in the same direction as the change in the burial mound diameter. Fifth, the perception of the ideal burial mound during the Joseon Dynasty was confirmed because the elevation of the burial mound described in 「Gaesu Dogam Uigwe (Renovation Office Protocol)」 is higher than the information recorded in numbers. Sixth, the Cultural Heritage Administration's managers chose more diverse burial mounds as ideal shapes than the expert group. The burial mounds most frequently selected by the Cultural Heritage Administration staff were lower in height than those selected by the expert group, showing a managerial tendency. In contrast, the expert group preferred the shape of the burial mounds with a high height and a rounded top.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-97
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• 2008

Since now, the study on the Goryo royal tomb has been insufficient because of the realistic restriction. Goryo royal tombs are mostly located in Gae-sung, the capital of the Goryo Dynasty and we don't have possibility to see them actually. And also the Study on stone figures which has been closely related with the structures of the royal tomb has limited in Unified Silla and the Choson Dynasty period. So in this paper I have examined Stone figures of the royal tomb in Gangdo period with the target on five Goryo royal tombs of that period. In the result of this study, the royal tomb system in Gangdo period was more streamlined than that of the previous period. For example, facilities such as the railing stone or a folding screen stone were simplified. And sculpture Came to be smaller than after that perial. Also Icon of sculpture changed. It is presumed that this change was because of the anxious situation of Gangdo period with politic and social.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2020

There are stone sculptures diversely shaped in several parts of Gyeongbokgung. Geunjeongjeon is a place where the stone sculptures are intensively placed among the various palace buildings of Gyeongbokgung, and it is more important because it contains the phases of the age of the dynasty and the symbolism of governing philosophy. What can be seen in the structure of auspicious animal sculptures is based on the form of instinctive thought that the heavenly and human order systems are in an organic correspondence with each other, especially with regard to astronomical events such as Samwon Sasin 12jisin 28su. The parts that have been interpreted only in Sasin and 12jisin in the interpretations such as wild dogs, Gyoryong, camels, wolves, and apes were able to clarify the contents by revealing the form of 28su. In particular, as Beopsu Ssangbeopsu at the corner may be related to the guardian deity who governs water, called Yimun, Chimi, and Chimun, it is one of Bibo's ways to protect the palace that was vulnerable to fire. In addition, the shape of the existing 28su placed Dambi, but Ha Woldae at the Geunjeongjeon was assumed to have a camel statue and a planned arrangement of double meaning with the Bibo form of Pungsu Sasinsa, and it is also a feature of the arrangement of Woldae at the Geunjeongjeon. The actual composition of auspicious animals at the Nambogye of Geunjeongjeon was in the order of Haechi, wild dogs, horses and Jujak, and the contents of "Gyeongbokgung Construction Daily Record" were in the order of Haechi, horses, wild dogs, and Jujak. As to different composition layouts, based on the contents of the "Gyeongbok palace Construction Daily Record", the composition of Samjae Cheonjiin (天地人) was interpreted differently from the conventional interpretation of the arrangement of Woldae. All of these forms are associated with defense systems in the four directions and have become animal representations of each direction. The auspicious animal statues placed on the railing of Geunjeongjeon Woldae can be seen as reflected in a single building with the three dimensional personality that includes Pungsu's Bibo personality with the symbolic meaning that reveals the centrality as Jeong Jeon, the nation's best politics let alone the ideological system of the ancient astronomical of the East called Men Heaven Unity.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.233-250
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• 2010

Jukseoru as an official pavilion of the government, one of the eight sceneries in Gwndong Area, is located on the cliff over Osipcheon River. This paper interprets form and space of the pavilion with restored old life by analyzing pictures of official party in 18th century in Chosun Dynasty. Every part of the space is occupied by persons by the class and duty: the pricipal guest, nobles, subordinates, gisaengs, court musicians, and guards from the high to the low and from the inside to the outside. Applying the analysis to the Jukseoru pavilion, the noblest lord takes sit on the platform in front of folded screen at main bay under checked ceiling, enclosed by low timber beam. The next northern end bay is a place for subordinates' and servants' waiting for preparation for rice wine. Southern end entrance bay is not a result of later addition but deliberately and originally made for lower place outside the railing of wooden floor: for a waiting woman gisaeng, and subordinates. Outside under the eaves on the platform with bedrock, artificial stone and soil is a place for court musicians, subordinates, and guards. The yard in front of the building is a place for preparing meals by cookers. Every detailed ornamental form is different each other by the place for the occupied class. Existing theory tells that the building, 7 bays gable-and-hipped roof, is a result of structural extention of 2 bays at the 5 bays gabled-roof. However, through the interpretation of old pictures and application to the pavilion, the present Juseoru is not a result of later structural addition, but deliberately designed creation suited to life in hierarchical traditional society.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.54
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• pp.289-318
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare Gwonbeop motions among "Gihyosinseo", "Mubiji", "Muyejaebobunyuksokjib" and to analysis catalogue of books on Gwonbeop for comprehensive interpretation in "Muyedobotongji". the conclusion through literature review was as follows. First, There were total 16 references which were composed of 14 references of China and 2 references of Korea. In particular there was no reference of Japan for Gwonbeop. In detail, unrepresentative references of China were "Hanseo", "Gihyosinseo", "Mubiji" and unrepresentative reference of Korea was Muyejaebobunyuksokjib". Second, We compared motions of Gwonbeop between China and Korea. There were located 5 motions such as Gyungakguheese(False Prey Posture), Gigose(Flag Beating Posture), Ahnshichukshinse(Goose Wing Posture), Jumjoose(Picking Elbow Posture), Pogase(Throwing Shelf Postere). In other three references unmentioned "Mubiji" there were located 8 motions such as Jungranse(Spring Railing Posture), Gichukgakse(Ghost Kicking and Leg Striking Postere), Jidangse(Open Finger Attacking Posture), Soodoose(Beast Head Shield Posture) Shingwon(Heavenly Fist Posture), Il-jopyunse(Whipping Lunging Posture), Jakjiryongse(Dragon Prey Snatching Posture), Joyangsoose(Slanting Hero Hand Posture), In two references of Korea there were located 2 unique motions such as Nachaluichoolmun Gakabyunhase(Low Encountering Posture), Gumgyedongnipse(Single Leg Throwing Postere). Third, Most of all we found two kinds of unique motions such as Chukcheonse and Eungswaeik on "Muyejaebobunyuksokjib" and such as Nachaluichoolmun Gakabyunhase(Low Encountering Posture), Gumgyedongnipse (Single Leg Throwing Postere) on "Muyedobotongji". Based on chronological table although "Gihyosinseo" is the longest literature, there was begun changing techniques in details on literatures of Korea. Transformed into techniques of Gwonbeop on Korea could be supposed that those skills were reflected in society and culture of the Joseon Dynasty. To sum it up, Gwonbeop of "Muyedobotongji" was written by "Gihyosinseo", "Mubiji", "Muyejaebobunyuksokjib" but most motions of Gwonbeop were begun to change gradually except 5 motions of "Gihyosinseo". Especially, there were 8 unique motions which could not be found in references of China. Those unique motions of Korea literatures were living proof of attempting transfiguration from motions of China. The significance of this study was to be able to put stepping-stone to interpretate history of Taekwondo which takes center stage on bare hands martial arts and analyzed the meaning of historical martial arts on Gwonbeop in Joseon Dynasty.