• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2018

Copper pollution around the world has caused serious public health problems recently. The heavy metal adsorption on traditional membranes from wastewater is limited by material properties. Different adsorptive materials are embedded in the membrane matrix and act as the adsorbent for the heavy metal. The carbonized leaf powder has been proven as an effective adsorbent material in removing aqueous Cu(II) because of its relative high specific surface area and inherent beneficial groups such as amine, carboxyl and phosphate after carbonization process. Factors affecting the adsorption of Cu(II) include: adsorbent dosage, initial Cu(II) concentration, solution pH, temperature and duration. The kinetics data fit well with the pseudo-first order kinetics and the pseudo-second order kinetics model. The thermodynamic behavior reveals the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the adsorption. The adsorption isotherm curve fits Sips model well, and the adsorption capacity was determined at 61.77 mg/g. Based on D-R model, the adsorption was predominated by the form of physical adsorption under lower temperatures, while the increased temperature motivated the form of chemical adsorption such as ion-exchange reaction. According to the analysis towards the mechanism, the chemical adsorption process occurs mainly among amine, carbonate, phosphate and copper ions or other surface adsorption. This hypothesis is confirmed by FT-IR test and XRD spectra as well as the predicted parameters calculated based on D-R model.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.511-520
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• 2014

The MFFn(Mass first flush), EMCs(Event mean concentrations) and runoff loads were analyzed for various rainy events(monitoring data from 2011 to 2012) in transportation area(rail road in station). The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 9.6 mg/L, COD 29.9 mg/L, SS 16.7 mg/L, T-N 3.271 mg/L, T-P 0.269 mg/L in the transportation areas(Railroad in station). The average pollutant loading by unit area of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 $27.26kg/km^2$, COD $92.55kg/km^2$, SS $50.35kg/km^2$, T-N $10.13kg/km^2$ and T-P $10.13kg/km^2$ in the transportation areas. Estimated NCL-curve(Normalized cumulated-curve) was evaluated by comparison with observed MFFn. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10% to 90% on the rainy events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to '1'. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.830-835
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• 2011

DMT Freight is judged that economic performance is good because can increase cargoes than existing freight. However, the existing freight cars, each with a different balance to the body structure is bogie because the vibrations may occur. Thus, by minimizing vibration over the existing freight securing the safety of the driving if you will not have major problems in cargoes. In this study, multi-body dynamic analysis tool, VI-Rail using the actually Gyeongbu Railroad line and an empty, full freight condition include curve radius, track irregularity, cent. DMT freight of the derailed wagons were assessed for safety analysis. Full and empty freight conditions for parity in the Gyeongbu Railroad line(Dongdaegoo ${\leftrightarrow}$Gyungsan) derailment safety analysis, such as derailment safety coefficient and the radius wheel road decrement, echoing the curve and the orbit is affected by the irregularity was found. Full freight condition than the empty conditions showed a significant derailment safety. Overall, the limits of derailment coefficient (Q/P=0.8) and wheel road decrement limits (${\Delta}P/P=0.6$) is less safe with me confirmed that the derailment safety.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

Risk level for each construction work can be very important factors to establish advanced preventionmeasures. But it is important how to produce it. There are three different methods to set it up for consturuction situation. They are as follows; 1) occurrence frequency = the number of accident workers of each work kind / yearly accident workers 2) occurrence frequency = the number of accident workers of each work kind / yearly workers 3) occurrence frequency = the number of accident workers of each work kind / the total workers All these three concepts(=averaged concept)are analyzed. Additionally frequency based on discrete curve, and severity based on continuous curve are also combined for producing risk level with more scientific approach. This risk level can be very useful to make prevention plan or take measures at construction sites. This is study result can change existing risk level concept to new concept of it, namely rail way work and in-water work showed be high risk level and RC work be low risk level, different from the situation which we have thought commonly, so far.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1647-1652
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• 2008

Track geometry consists of tangent and curved lines, which caused undesirable changes in initial track geometry by traffic loads. The bigger the changes are, the worse the riding comfort and running stability of train. This is so-called track irregularity and is the most important quality parameters of ballasted track. To be able to objectively assess track irregularity, track geometry should be able to be measured. Practically, railway companies use moving chord method, this method determine versine values via a chord. The versine is the vertical distance to curve measured in the middle of the chord. This type of method measures only versine of track irregularity curve by transfer function from specific property of measuring tool. In this report, review the characteristics of two types of measuring tools by comparing the measurements. The one is GRP-1000 system, optical surveying system with Total station and lazar prism trolly. This calculates track geometry by surveying absolute coordinates of two points each on both rail heads. The other is Trackmaster, measures versine with 2m of chord length.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2010

Risk level for each construction work can be very important factors to establish advanced prevention measures. But it is important how to produce it. There are three different methods to set it up for construction situation. They are as follows; 1) occurrence frequency = the number of accident workers of each work kind / yearly accident workers 2) occurrence frequency = the number of accident workers of each work kind / yearly workers 3) occurrence frequency = the number of accident workers of each work kind / the total workers All these three concepts(=averaged concept)are analyzed. Additionally frequency based on discrete curve, and severity based on continuous curve are also combined for producing risk level with more scientific approach. This risk level can be very useful to make prevention plan or take measures at construction sites. This is study result can change existing risk level concept to new concept of it, namely rail way work and in-water work showed be high risk level and RC work be low risk level, different from the situation which we have thought commonly, so far.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.637-642
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• 2011

The DMT freight is judged that economic performance is good because can increase cargoes than existing freight. However, the existing freight cars, each with a different balance to the body structure is bogie because the vibrations may occur. Thus, by minimizing vibration over the existing freight securing the safety of the driving if you will not have major problems in cargoes. In this study, multi-body dynamic analysis tool, VI-Rail using the actually Gyeongbu Railroad line and an empty, full freight condition include curve radius, track irregularity, The DMT freight of the derailed wagons were assessed for safety analysis. Full and empty freight conditions for parity in the Gyeongbu Railroad line(Dongdaegoo${\leftrightarrow}$Kyungsan) derailment safety analysis, such as derailment coefficient and the wheel unloaded, echoing the curve and the orbit is affected by the irregularity was found. Full freight condition than the empty conditions showed a significant derailment safety. Overall, the limits of derailment coefficient(Q/P = 0.8) and wheel unload decrement limits(${\triangle}P/P$ = 0.6) is less safe with me confirmed that the derailment safety.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.527-533
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• 2002

A railway vehicle should be satisfied with the safety criteria and ride comfort of passengers. A bogie of railway vehicle Is composed of many suspension components, such as springs, dampers and etc.. that have an influence on the dynamic behavior of the train wish the wheel/rail profiles and track geometries. Therefore, it Is necessary for engineers to check the Interference between vehicle limit and construction limit with considering the vehicle's behavior, because when the vehicle is running on curved track, it should be have enough clearance from infrastructure for safely, spacially In a subway system. This paper explains the effective method of analysis for vehicle limit considering the vehicle dynamic behavior and reviews the problem of vehicle limit for the Korean Standard Urban Train. The results show that the vehicle limit is over the construction limit when the Korean Standard Urban Train runs on the curved track with 180 m radius of curve.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.865-871
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• 2004

The safety evaluations of railway wheel sets make use of the static fracture toughness obtained in ingot materials. The static fracture toughness of wheelset materials has been extensively studied by experiments, but the dynamic fracture toughness with respect to wheel set materials has not been studied enough yet. It is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of the fracture mechanics depending on each location for a full-scale wheel set for high-speed trains, because the load state for each location of the wheel set while running is different the contact load between the wheel and rail, cyclic stress in the wheel plate, etc. This paper deals with the fracture toughness depend on load rates. The fracture toughness depending on load rate data shows that once the downward curve from quasi-static values was reached, subsequent values showed a slow increase with respect to the impact velocity. This means that dynamic fracture toughness should be considered in the design code of the wheelset material.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.864-871
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• 2008

The tilting trains can run on curve track about 30% faster than conventional train without affecting passenger comfort. As the tilting trains offer the optimum means of providing faster and more comfortable rail service with minimum of environmental disturbance and capital investment, it is widely adopted for commercial operation all over the world. Over several years, the Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI) and Ministry of Construction and Transportation(MOCT) have been developing 200 km/h Korean tilting train, Hanvit200. Hanvit200 adopts the pendulum type tilting mechanism and hybrid car body structure, mainly CFRP combined with steel. In this paper the vibrational characteristics of Hanvit200 was investigated through Eigen vector analysis, modal test and main line running test.