• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.503-513
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution, prevalence and relationship of the localized periodontitis of root fusion in maxillary and mandibular molars. One hundred patients who had eight maxillary and mandibular molars(third molars excluded) were consecutively selected for the study subjects. The subjects provided a total of 800 molars, i. e., 400 maxillary and 400 mandibular molars. A decision about root fusion was made on the radiographic examination. Probing depth, plaque index, gingival index and mobility were measured. The results were as follows. 1. 15.9% of the molars had a fused root. 22% of the maxillary molars and 9.8% of the mandibular molars had a fused molars. 2. In maxillary molars, the results of probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, mobility are more higher in test group than in control group, and there was a significantly difference except plaque index of maxillary first molars group(p<0.01). 3. In mandibular molars, the results of probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, mobility are more higher in test group than in control group, and there was a significantly difference(p<0.01). As a result of this study, it can be concluded that, in management of molars with a root fusion, we should detect the molars through the precise radiographic examination, early periodontal treatment and systematic treatment plan should be chosen. And postoperative continuing supportive periodontal therapy is needed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.539-553
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• 1999

The purpose of this 6-months study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following guided tissue regeneration treating human mandibular Class II furcation defects with a bioabsorbable BioMesh barrier(test treatment) or a nonabsorbable ePTFE barrier(control treatment). Fourteen defects in 14 patients(mean age 44 years) were treated with BioMesh barriers and ten defects in 10 patients(mean age 48 years) with ePTFE barriers. After initial therapy, a GTR procedure was done. Following flap elevation, root planing, and removal of granulation tissue, each device was adjusted to cover the furcation defect. The flaps were repositioned and sutured to complete coverage of the barriers. A second surgical procedure was performed at control sites after 4 to 6 weeks to remove the nonresorbable barrier. Radiographic and clinical examinations(plaque index, gingival index, tooth mobility, gingival margin position, pocket depth, clinical attachment level) were carried out under standardized conditions immediately before and 6 months after surgery. Furthermore, digital subtraction radiography was carried out. All areas healed uneventfully. Surgical treatment resulted in clinically and statistically equivalent changes when comparisons were made between test and control treatments. Changes in plaque index were 0.7 for test and 0.4 for control treatments; changes in gingival index were 0.9 and 0.5. In both group gingival margin position and pocket depth reduction was 1.0mm and 3.0mm; clinical attachment level gain was 1.9mm. There were no changes in tooth mobility and the bone in radiographic evaluation. No significant(p${\leq }$0.05) difference between the two membranes could be detected with regard to plaque index, gingival index, gingival margin position, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level. In conclusion, a bioabsorbable BioMesh membrane is effective in human mandibular Class II furcation defects and a longer period study is needed to fully evaluate the outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the measurement differences of simple radiographs according to radiation projection angle using a phantom and to propose methods for objective analysis of simple radiographs. Materials and Methods: We took simple radiographs with different projection angles using a C-arm image intensifier and measured five parameters of the foot on the simple radiographic images. Five parameters include lateral tibiocalcaneal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, naviculocuboid overlap, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal angle. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were verified, and then intraclass correlations of parameters were analyzed. Results: Radiographic parameters of the foot showed high intraobserver and interobserver reliability. Lateral tibiocalcaneal angle has a strong negative linear relationship with rotation and a moderate negative linear relationship with tilt. Lateral talocalcaneal angle has a moderate positive linear relationship with rotation and a strong positive linear relationship with tilt. Naviculocuboid overlap has a strong positive linear relationship with rotation and a moderate positive linear relationship with tilt. Lateral talo-first metatarsal angle does not have a linear relationship with rotation and a moderate negative linear relationship with tilt. Lateral calcaneo-first metatarsal angle has a moderate positive linear relationship with rotation and tilt. Conclusion: More precise evaluation of the foot with a simple radiograph can be performed by understanding the changes of radiographic parameters according to radiation projection angle.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is to compare the medial longitudinal arch between heel pain group and normal painless group. Materials and Methods: Heel pain group 242 feet and normal group 140 feet were evaluated through the radiographic images of standing foot-ankle lateral view. Four radiographic indices, talo-1stmetatarsal angle (TMA), calcaneal-1st metatarsal angle (CMA), calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), and arch ratio (AR), were used as well as BMI. Results: There was no difference between heel pain group and normal group in the TMA, CMA, CPA, and AR. But in the BMI, heel pain group showed $1.7\;kg/m^2$ (p=0.0002) higher than normal group. To eliminate the sexual error, male and female were evaluated separately. Male heel pain group showed 2.9 degrees more dorsiflexion (p=0.001) in the TMA, 3.1 degrees greater (p=0.007) in the CMA, 0.01 lower (p=0.028) in the AR, and $1.0\;kg/m^2$ greater (p=0.033) in the BMI than normal male group. There were no difference in the CPA. Female heel pain group showed 3.6 degree greater (p=0.035) in the CMA, and $1.9\;kg/m^2$ greater (p=0.002) in the BMI than normal female group. But other indices demonstrated no differences. Conclusion: talo-$1^{st}$ metatarsal angle, calcaneal-$1^{st}$ metatarsal angle and arch ratio were radiographic indices related with heel pain.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.90-104
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic changes and the survival rate after periodontal surgery using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) with 10% collagen or DBBM with a collagen membrane in endo-periodontal lesions. Methods: A total of 52 cases (41 patients) with at least 5 years of follow-up were included in this study. After scaling and root planing with or without endodontic treatment, periodontal regenerative procedures with DBBM with 10% collagen alone or DBBM with a collagen membrane were performed, yielding the DBBM + 10% collagen and DBBM + collagen membrane groups, respectively. Changes in clinical parameters including the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, gingival recession, relative clinical attachment level, mobility, and radiographic bone gains were evaluated immediately before periodontal surgical procedures and at a 12-month follow-up. Results: At the 12-month follow-up after regenerative procedures, improvements in clinical parameters and radiographic bone gains were observed in both treatment groups. The DBBM + 10% collagen group showed greater probing pocket depth reduction ($4.52{\pm}1.06mm$) than the DBBM + collagen membrane group ($4.04{\pm}0.82mm$). However, there were no significant differences between the groups. Additionally, the radiographic bone gain in the DBBM + 10% collagen group ($5.15{\pm}1.54mm$) was comparable to that of the DBBM + collagen membrane group ($5.35{\pm}1.84mm$). The 5-year survival rate of the teeth with endo-periodontal lesions after periodontal regenerative procedures was 92.31%. Conclusions: This study showed that regenerative procedures using DBBM with 10% collagen alone improved the clinical attachment level and radiographic bone level in endo-periodontal lesions. Successful maintenance of the results after regenerative procedures in endo-periodontal lesions can be obtained by repeated oral hygiene education within strict supportive periodontal treatment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1990

This research was made to investigate the change of the image layer and of the vertical and horizontal magnification on the Panelipse radiographic image by the control of profile index. Using the Panelipse, a series of 60 exposures were taken with the steel balls placed in the holes of the plastic model plate, and then evaluated by 4 observers. Two points were assigned for a reading of sharp, one for middling sharp, and zero for unsharp. Each ball image then could be given a total reader score of 0 to 8. The author analyzed the image layer as defined by a sharpness score of 6 or more. The results obtained were as follows: As the profile index was increased, the shape of the image layer was not changed, and the width of the image layer was increased, and the position of the layer shifted away from the rotation center. As the profile index was increased, the ranges of vertical and horizontal magnification was increased, especially the ranges of horizontal magnification was greater than that of vertical magnification.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.610-614
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to present the outcome of the microsurgical foraminotomy via Wiltse paraspinal approach for foraminal or extraforaminal (FEF) stenosis at L5-S1 level. We investigated risk factors associated with poor outcome of microsurgical foraminotomy at L5-S1 level. Methods : We analyzed 21 patients who underwent the microsurgical foraminotomy for FEF stenosis at L5-S1 level. To investigate risk factors associated with poor outcome, patients were classified into two groups (success and failure in foraminotomy). Clinical outcomes were assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of back and leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Radiographic parameters including existence of spondylolisthesis, existence and degree of coronal wedging, disc height, foramen height, segmental lordotic angle (SLA) on neutral and dynamic view, segmental range of motion, and global lumbar lordotic angle were investigated. Results : Postoperative VAS score and ODI improved after foraminotomy. However, there were 7 patients (33%) who had persistent or recurrent leg pain. SLA on neutral and extension radiographic films were significantly associated with the failure in foraminotomy (p<0.05). Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis revealed the optimal cut-off values of SLA on neutral and extension radiographic films for predicting failure in foraminotomy were $17.3^{\circ}$ and $24^{\circ}s$, respectively. Conclusion : Microsurgical foraminotomy for FEF stenosis at L5-S1 level can provide good clinical outcomes in selected patients. Poor outcomes were associated with large SLA on preoperative neutral (>$17.3^{\circ}$) and extension radiographic films (>$24^{\circ}$).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the severity of radiographic features and pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: Seventy-eight subjects (14 men, 64 women) with KOA, between the ages of 41 and 83 years (mean age, 61.29 years), were included. All the subjects diagnosed with KOA were scored for severity of radiographic KOA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grade, visual analogue scale (VAS), knee joint range of motion (ROM), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), maximum muscle power (MMP), and sit-to-stand (STS) and one-leg standing (OLS) tests. Associations among the K/L grade, diagnosis, pain, and function were examined by correlation analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the K/L grade, and the VAS, STS test time, and WOMAC scores (p>.05). There were no significant differences between the K/L grade, bilateral ROM, MMP, and left OLS test time (p>.05). However, there was a significant difference between the K/L grade and right OLS test time (p<.05). The K/L grade was negatively correlated with the left OLS test time(r=-.24, p<.05) and with the right OLS test time (r=-.307, p<.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that radiographic KOA was not associated with pain, knee MMP, ROM, and STS test time, but had a weak negative correlation with OLS test time.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.163-178
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical factors affecting the longevity of fixed retainers and the influence of fixed retainers on periodontal health in periodontitis patients. Methods: In total, 52 patients with at least 2 years of follow-up after periodontal and orthodontic treatment were included in this study. After scaling and root planing, orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances or clear aligners was performed. Fixed retainers with twist-flex stainless steel wires were bonded to the palatal or lingual sides of anterior teeth. Changes in clinical parameters, including the plaque index, gingival index, calculus index (CI), probing pocket depth, and radiographic bone levels, were evaluated before bonding of fixed retainers and at a 12-month follow-up. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) for retainer failure were evaluated according to sex, site, CI, stage of periodontitis, and the severity of the irregularity with the log-rank test and hazard ratios (HRs). Results: Twelve months after bonding of fixed retainers, improvements were observed in all clinical parameters except CI and radiographic bone gain. The overall CSR of the retainers with a CI <1 at the 12-month follow-up after bonding of fixed retainers was significantly higher than that of the retainers with a CI ≥1 at the 12-month follow-up (log-rank test; P<0.001). Patients with stage III (grade B or C) periodontitis had a higher multivariate HR for retainer failure (5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-23.91; P=0.026) than patients with stage I (grade A or B) periodontitis. Conclusions: Although fixed retainers were bonded in periodontitis patients, periodontal health was well maintained if supportive periodontal treatment with repeated oral hygiene education was provided. Nonetheless, fixed retainer failure occurred more frequently in patients who had stage III (grade B or C) periodontitis or a CI ≥1 at 12-month follow-up after bonding of fixed retainers.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2019

Background: The mandibular third molar (M3) is typically the last permanent tooth to erupt because of insufficient space and thick soft tissues covering its surface. Problems such as alveolar bone loss, development of a periodontal pocket, exposure of cementum, gingival recession, and dental caries can be found in the adjacent second molars (M2) following M3 extraction. The specific aims of the study were to assess the amount and rate of bone regeneration on the distal surface of M2 and to evaluate the aspects of bone regeneration in terms of varying degree of impaction. Methods: Four series of panoramic radiographic images were obtained from the selected cases, including images from the first visit, immediately after extraction, 6 weeks, and 6 months after extraction. ImageJ software^® (NIH, USA) was used to measure linear distance from the region of interest to the distal root of the adjacent M2. Radiographic infrabony defect (RID) values were calculated from the measured radiographic bone height and cementoenamel junction with distortion compensation. Repeated measures of analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to analyze the statistical significant difference between RID and time, and a Spearman correlation test was conducted to assess the relationship between Pederson's difficulty index (DI) and RID. Results: A large RID (> 6 mm) can be reduced gradually and consistently over time. More than half of the samples recovered nearly to their normal healthy condition (RID ≤ 3 mm) by the 6-month follow-up. DI affected the first 6 weeks of post-extraction period and only showed a significant positive correlation with respect to the difference between baseline and final RID. Conclusions: Additional treatments on M2 for a minimum of 6 months after an M3 extraction could be recommended. Although DI may affect bone regeneration during the early healing period, further study is required to elucidate any possible factors associated with the healing process. The DI does not cause any long-term adverse effects on bone regeneration after surgical extraction.