• Title/Summary/Keyword: Radioactive Iodine ($^{131}I$)

Search Result 70, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

Determination of Self-Disposal date by the Analysis of Radioactive Waste Contamination for 1131I Therapy Ward (131I 치료입원실 폐기물 방사능 오염도 분석 및 자체처분가능일자 산출)

  • Kim, Gi-sub;Jung, Haijo;Park, Min-seok;Jeon, Gjin-seong
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
    • /
    • v.17 no.1
    • /
    • pp.3-6
    • /
    • 2013
  • Purpose: The treatment of thyroid cancer patients was continuously increased. According to the increment of thyroid cancer patients, the establishment of iodine therapy site was also increased in each hospital. This treatment involves the administration of radioactive iodine, which will be given in the form of a capsule. Therefore, protections and managements for radioactive source pollution and radiation exposure should be necessary for radiation safety. Among the many problems, the problem of disposing the radioactive wastes was occurred. In this study, The date for self-disposal for radioactive wastes, which were contaminated in clothes, bedclothes and trash, were calculated. Materials and Methods: The number of iodine therapy ward was 15 in Korea Institute of Radiological Medical and Sciences. Recently, 8 therapy wards were operated for iodine therapy patients and others were on standby for emergency treatment ward of any radiation accidents. Radioactive wastes, which were occurred in therapy ward, were clothes, bedclothes, bath cover for patients washing water and food and drink which was leftover by patients. Each sample was hold into the marinelli beaker (clothes, bedclothes, bath covers) and 90 ml beaker (food, drink, and washing water). The activities of collected samples were measured by HpGe MCA device (Multi Channel Analysis, CANBERRA, USA) Results: The storage period for the each kind of radioactive wastes was calculated by equation of storage periods based on the measurement outcomes. The average storage period was 60 days for the case of clothes, and the maximum storage period was 93 days for patient bottoms. The average storage period and the maximum storage period for the trash were 69 days and 97 days, respectively. The leftover foods and drinks had short storage period (the average storage period was 25 days and maximum storage period was 39 days), compared with other wastes. Conclusion: The proper storage period for disposing the radioactive waste (clothes, bedclothes and bath cover) was 100 days by the regulation on self-disposal of radioactive waste. In addition, the storage period for disposing the liquid radioactive waste was 120 days. The current regulation for radioactive waste self-disposing was not suitable for the circumstances of each radioactive therapy facility. Therefore, it was necessary to reduce the leftover food and drinks by adequate table setting for patients, and improve the process and regulation for disposing the short-half life radioactive wastes.

  • PDF

Evaluation of Adsorption Characteristics of Radioactive Iodine (I-131) for Various Materials of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) (입상활성탄 재질별 방사성 핵종(I-131) 흡착 특성 평가)

  • Park, Hong-Ki;Son, Hee-Jong;Yeom, Hoon-Sik;Kim, Young-Jin;Choi, Jin-Taek;Ryu, Dong-Choon
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.24 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1123-1129
    • /
    • 2015
  • This research was performed by means of several different virgin granular activated carbons (GAC) made of each coal, coconut and wood, and the GACs were investigated for an adsorption performance of iodine-131 in a continuous adsorption column. Breakthrough behavior was investigated that the breakthrough points of the virgin two coals-, coconut- and wood-based GACs were observed as bed volume (BV) 7080, BV 5640, BV 5064 and BV 3192, respectively. The experimental results of adsorption capacity (X/M) for iodine-127 showed that two coal- based GACs were highest (208.6 and $139.1{\mu}g/g$), the coconut-based GAC was intermediate ($86.5{\mu}g/g$) and the wood-based GAC was lowest ($54.5{\mu}g/g$). The X/M of the coal-based GACs was 2~4 times higher than the X/M of the coconut-based and wood-based GACs.

Percutaneous Intranodular Injection Therapy of Radioactive Iodine-131 in Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules: A Preliminary Study (방사선 요오드-131의 국소주입에 의한 양성 갑상선 결절의 치료)

  • Ha Il-Joo;Lim Dong-Pyo;Yoon Jung-Han;JaeGal Young-Jong;Boom Hee-Seoung
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
    • /
    • v.17 no.2
    • /
    • pp.174-178
    • /
    • 2001
  • Background and Objective: Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy has been used in the treatment of the benign thyroid diseases. Although the reported side-effects of the therapy was mild and transient, some side-effects including local or radiating pain are troublesome to the patients. Radioactive iodine-131($Ra-^{131}I$) also has been effectively and safely used for management of the benign thyroid diseases. So we developed the percutaneous intranodular injection therapy of $Ra-^{131}I$ as an alternative of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy. Materials and Methods: From December 1998 to October 1999, we treated 29 outpatients (25 women and 4 men, mean age: $47{\pm}12$ years). Inclusion criteria were follows; age >30 years, cytologically benign, with normal thyroid function, cold nodule on thyroid scintigram, solid or mixed natured nodules in sonographical evaluation. Nodular volume was estimated by sonography according to the ellipsoid formula. $Ra-^{131}I$(0.1mCi/ml) was administered in a single dose injection. Follow-up studies every 3 months consisted of full history, thyroid function test, and sonography. We determined the therapeutic response is effective if the volume reduction of the nodule occurred above 30%. Results: After at least 3 months follow-up, 11 patients showed effective response, 12 patients showed minimal or unchanged response and 6 patients showed progression. Although side-effects such as injection pain, febrile reaction, and hormonal changes were absent, an infectious complication in injection site was developed from 1 case. Conclusion: Although we need a more prolonged follow-up to evaluate the delayed sequelae, we can suggest that percutaneous intranodular injection therapy of $Ra-^{131}I$ may be an attractive non-surgical treatment in selected cases of benign thyroid nodules.

  • PDF

Capture of Volatile Organic Iodine Species Using Mordenites

  • Tejaswini Vaidya;John P. Stanford;Nicolene van Rooyen;Krishnan Raja;Vivek Utgikar;Piyush Sabharwall
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
    • /
    • v.21 no.2
    • /
    • pp.205-224
    • /
    • 2023
  • The emission of off-gas streams from used fuel recycling is a concern in nuclear energy usage as they contain radioactive compounds, such as, 3H, 14C, 85Kr, 131I, and 129I that can be harmful to human health and environment. Radioactive iodine, 129I, is particularly troublesome as it has a half-life of more than 15 million years and is prone to accumulate in human thyroid glands. Organic iodides are hazardous even at very low concentrations, and hence the capture of 129I is extremely important. Dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of sodium mordenite, partially exchanged silver mordenite, and fully exchanged silver mordenite for the removal of methyl iodide present at parts per billion concentrations in a simulated off-gas stream. Kinetic analysis of the system was conducted incorporating the effects of diffusion and mass transfer. The possible reaction mechanism is postulated and the order of the reaction and the values of the rate constants were determined from the experimental data. Adsorbent characterization is performed to investigate the nature of the adsorbent before and after iodine loading. This paper will offer a comprehensive understanding of the methyl iodide behavior when in contact with the mordenites.

A Case Study about Counting Uncertainty of Radioactive Iodine (131I) in Public Waters by Using Gamma Spectrometry (감마분광분석을 이용한 환경 중 방사성요오드(131I)의 측정 불확도에 관한 사례 연구)

  • Cho, Yoonhae;Seol, Bitna;Min, Kyoung Ok;Kim, Wan Suk;Lee, Junbae;Lee, Soohyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.38 no.1
    • /
    • pp.42-46
    • /
    • 2016
  • The radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) presents in the environment through the excrete process of nuclear medicine patients. In the detecting of low level of $^{131}I$ in the public water, the counting uncertainty has an effect on the accuracy and reliability of detecting $^{131}I$ radioactivity concentration. In this study, the contribution of sample amount, radioactivity concentration and counting time to the uncertainty was investigated in the case of public water sample. Sampling points are public water and the effluents of a sewage treatment plant at Sapkyocheon stream, Geumgang river. In each point, 1, 10 and 20 L of liquid samples were collected and prepared by evaporation method. The HPGe (High Purity Germanium) detector was used to detect and analyze emitted gamma-ray from samples. The radioactivity concentration of $^{131}I$ were in the range of 0.03 to 1.8 Bq/L. The comparison of the counting uncertainty of the sample amount, 1 L sample is unable to verify the existence of the $^{131}I$ under 0.5 Bq/L radioactivity concentration. Considering the short half-life of $^{131}I$ (8.03 days), a method for measuring 1 L sample was used. However comparing the detecting and preparing time of 1, 10 L respectively, detecting 10 L sample would be an appropriate method to distinguish $^{131}I$ concentration in the public water.

Histopathological Studies of Mice after Administration of Radioactive Iodine($^{131}I$) (방사성동위원소옥소(放射性同位元素沃素)($^{131}I$)가 "마우스"의 주요장기(主要臟器)의 병리조직상(病理組織像)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ro, Chae-Song;Lee, Mun-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.85-97
    • /
    • 1967
  • Histopathological changes of various organs of the mice after intra-peritoneal injections of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) were experimentally observed. Sixity healthy female mice, weighing average 25 gm, devided into 6 groups, were used. The various doses of $^{131}I$ were injected intraperitoneally at different intervals. The histopathological changes after these treatments were observed in organs such as thyroids, parathyroids, livers, kidneys and gonads. Following were the results; 1) Thyroid: In the group A given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $10{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, it was observed that the protoplasms of follicular epithelial cells were destroyed, the nuclei were expanded or dissoluted, showing pyknotic changes of nuclei and vacuolizations of protoplasms. In the group B given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, hyperemias, hemorrhages and hyaline degenerations in the whole area were observed. In the group C given $^{131}I$ with 3 doses of $2.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, the thyroid parenchyms were destroyed and epithelial cells of varing size were observed in the fibrinous tissues. In the group D given $^{131}I$ with 6 doses of $0.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, some destroyed follicles and new borne follicles were observed. But the histopathological changes resemble the follicles of the normal thyroid gland. In the group E and F given $^{131}I$ with 8 and 10 doses of $0.2{\mu}C\;and\;0.01{\mu}C$ for each group per gm body weight every two days, both pyknotic changes of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolizations of the follicular epithelia, hypertrophies of follicles and abnormal irregular follicular structures were observed, and in the group F, lymphocytes appeared around the thyroid glands. 2) Parathyroid: In the group A, hyperemia, proliferations of connective tissues, karyorrhexes and vacuolizations were observed. In other experimental groups, no particular pathological change was observed. 3) Liver: The degnerative changes and acute or chronic inflammatory changes were observed in proportion to the amount of $^{131}I$ injected. Atrophies of the liver cells, dilatations of sinusoids, hyaline degenerations and necrotic pictures were observed. 4) Kidney: In the group A, congestions and infiltrations of mononuclear cells and granulocytes were observed around the cortical arteries, and in the group B, the degenerative changes of cortexes, and, in the group C and D, hydronephrotic changes were observed respectively, and hyaline degenerations were partially observed. 5) Gonad: In the group A, the follicles were degenerated. The ova in the follicles showed irregular figures. The changes in the group B were almost the same as in the group A, but the changes were mild. In the group C, the destructions of whole ova, the hypertrophies of ovarian follicular membranes and pyknotic changes of nuclei were observed. In the group D, the pathological changes were similar to that of group C, but mild in the grade. In the group E, almost none of ovarian follicular fluid was observed, and in the group F, the tissue pictures were almost similar to that of the normal group.

  • PDF

The Clinical Study on the Effects of $Tapazole^{(R)}\;upon\;^{131}I$ Uptake in Hyperthyroidism (갑상선(甲狀腺) 기능항진증(機能亢進症)에서 $Tapazole^{(R)}$$^{131}I$섭취율(攝取率)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 임상적(臨床的) 고찰(考察))

  • Ro, Heung-Kyu;Lee, Jung-Sang;Koh, Chang-Soon;Lee, Mun-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.17-22
    • /
    • 1969
  • The differences in the change of the uptake rate of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) in the thyroid gland after $Tapazole^{(R)}$ administration before $^{131}I$ treatment were analysed in 137 patients who were diagnosed as diffuse toxic goiter in the Radioisotope Clinic and Laboratory, Seoul National University Hospital since Jan. 1967 to July, 1969. The uptake rate of the therapeutic dose of $^{131}I$ was changed diffusely compared with that of the trace dose in the patients who had no $Tapazole^{(R)}$ administration before $^{131}I$ treatment. In those patients who had $Tapazole^{(R)}$ more than 20 mg/day for more than one week before $^{131}I$ treatment, the uptake rate was decreased significantly. When the patients discontinued the administration of $Tapazole^{(R)}$ 7 days prior to $^{131}I$ treatment, the uptake rate was increased in all cases.

  • PDF

False-positive I-131 Scan by Contaminated Muffler in a Patient with Thyroid Carcinoma (갑상선암 환자에서 방사성 옥소로 오염된 목도리에 의한 위양성 소견)

  • Seo, Han-Kyung;Kim, Min-Woo;Jeong, Hwan-Jeong;Sohn, Myung-Hee
    • Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
    • /
    • v.40 no.1
    • /
    • pp.51-52
    • /
    • 2006
  • A 39-year-old female patient who had undergone a total thyroidectomy for a papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent a whole body scan with I-131. The I-131 scan was performed 72 hours after administering 185 MBq (5 mCi) of an I-131 solution. The anterior image of the head, neck, and upper chest showed multiple areas of increased uptake in the mediastinal area considering of functional metastasis. However, radioactivity was not evident in the image taken after removing her clothes and muffler. The image obtained after placing the muffler on the pallet showed that the radioactivity was still present. It is well known that artifacts on an I-131 scan can be produced by styling hair sputum, drooling during sleep, chewing gum, and paper or a cloth handkerchief that is contaminated with the radioactive iodine from either perspiration or saliva. This activity might be mistaken for a functional metastasis. Therefore, it is essential that an image be obtained after removing the patient's clothes. In this study, artifacts due to a contaminated muffler on the I-131 scan were found. These mimicked a functional metastasis of the mediastinal area in a patient with a papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Medical Therapeutic Effect of Hyperthyroidism - Comparison of antithyroid therapy and $^{131}I$ Therapy - (갑상선기능항진증(甲狀腺機能亢進症)의 내과적(內科的) 치료효과(治療效果) - 방사성동위원소(放射性同位元素) ($^{131}I$)치료(治療)와 항갑상선제(抗甲狀腺劑) 치료(治療)의 비교검토(比較檢討) -)

  • Lee, Kyu-Bo
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
    • /
    • v.14 no.2
    • /
    • pp.35-40
    • /
    • 1980
  • In order to compare the therapeutic effect as well as side effects between antithyroid therapy and radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism, the author evaluated 111 cases of hyperthyroidism which were composed of 57 patients with antithyroid treatment, 23 patients with combined treatment comprising of antithyroid and radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) and 31 patients with treatment of $^{131}I$ alone. The $^{131}I$ treatment was limited to older age, above 20 years of age, and not employed in patients with pregnancy and lactation. The patients treated with antithyroid belonged to relatively younger age, and also milder in symptoms and thyroid function tests. The remission rate of antithyroid therapy group was 97.8% within 16 months. Among them the early remission rate occured within 4 months was found to be 21.7%. The combined therapy group, having prescribed more severe cases, showed the remission rate to be 75% within 16 months. The remission rate of $^{131}I$ therapy group revealed 90.9% within 16 months. Among them the early remission rate taking place within 4 months disclosed 16.7%. The side effects of antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, were noted as follows: itching (2.7%) skin rashes (1.3%), and adverse enlargement of goiter (10.7%). The side effects $^{131}I$ therapy were transient hypothyroidism(3.9%) permanent hypothyroidism (7.8%) and itching (2.0%).

  • PDF