• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.149-168
• /
• 2015

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), hybrid overlay and underlay sharing transmission mode is an effective technique for improving the efficiency of radio spectrum. Unlike existing works in the literature, where only one secondary user (SU) uses overlay and underlay modes, the different transmission modes should be allocated to different SUs, according to their different quality of services (QoS), to achieve the maximal efficiency of radio spectrum. However, hybrid sharing mode allocation for heterogeneous services is still a challenge in CRNs. In this paper, we propose a new resource allocation method for hybrid sharing transmission mode of overlay and underlay (HySOU), to achieve more potential resources for SUs to access the spectrum without interfering with the primary users. We formulate the HySOU resource allocation as a mixed-integer programming problem to optimize the total system throughput, satisfying heterogeneous QoS. To decrease the algorithm complexity, we divide the problem into two sub-problems: subchannel allocation and power allocation. Cutset is used to achieve the optimal subchannel allocation, and the optimal power allocation is obtained by Lagrangian dual function decomposition and subgradient algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm further improves spectrum utilization with a simultaneous fairness guarantee, and the achieved HySOU diversity gain is a satisfactory improvement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.1052-1070
• /
• 2016

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have received a lot of attention as a promising technology for medical and healthcare applications. A WBAN should guarantee energy efficiency, data reliability, and low data latency because it uses tiny sensors that have limited energy and deals with medical data that needs to be timely and correctly transferred. To satisfy this requirement, many multi-radio multi-channel MAC protocols have been proposed, but these cannot be implemented on current off-the-shelf sensor nodes because they do not support multi-radio transceivers. Thus, recently single-radio multi-channel MAC protocols have been proposed; however, these methods are energy inefficient due to data duplication. This paper proposes a TDMA-based single-radio, multi-channel MAC protocol that uses the Unbalanced Star+Mesh topology to satisfy the requirements of WBANs. Our analytical analysis together experiments using real sensor nodes show that the proposed protocol outperforms existing methods in terms of energy efficiency, reliability, and low data latency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.6 no.9
• /
• pp.2323-2340
• /
• 2012

Recent advances in cognitive radio technology have drawn immense attention to higher layer protocols above medium access control, such as transmission control protocol (TCP). Most proposals to improve the TCP performance in cognitive radio (CR) networks have assumed that either all nodes are in CR networks or the TCP sender side is in CR links. In those proposals, lower layer information such as the CR link status could be easily exploited to adjust the congestion window and improve throughput. In this paper, we consider a TCP network in which the TCP sender is located remotely over the Internet while the TCP receiver is connected by a CR link. This topology is more realistic than the earlier proposals, but the lower layer information cannot be exploited. Under this assumption, we propose an enhanced TCP protocol for CR networks called TCP for cognitive radio (TCP-CR) to improve the existing TCP by (1) detection of primary user (PU) interference by a remote sender without support from lower layers, (2) delayed congestion control (DCC) based on PU detection when the retransmission timeout (RTO) expires, and (3) exploitation of two separate scales of the congestion window adapted for PU activity. Performance evaluation demonstrated that the proposed TCP-CR achieves up to 255% improvement of the end-to-end throughput. Furthermore, we verified that the proposed TCP does not deteriorate the fairness of existing TCP flows and does not cause congestions.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.195-200
• /
• 2008

본 논문에서는 형태소 분석을 이용한 확률 기반 한국어 SMS 스팸 필터링 기법을 제안한다. 기존 연구에서는 단어 및 문자 단위 어휘 정보를 자질로 이용한 영어 및 스페인어 SMS 스팸 필터링 방법들이 있다. 하지만 교착어인 한국어의 경우, 어근과 접사의 조합에 의해서 다양한 어절이 형성될 수 있다. 따라서 어절단위 어휘 정보를 자질로 사용할 경우, 미등록어(out of vocabulary) 문제가 발생한다. 특히, 매우 적은 수의 단어들로 구성된 SMS 메시지의 경우에는 이 문제가 매우 심각하다. 본 논문에서는 형태소 분석을 이용하여 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 방법은 기존 연구와 비교하여 10.6%의 스팸 분류 정확률 향상을 보였다. 또한 미등록어만을 포함하는 SMS 메시지의 수는 약 77% 감소하였다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2012

Conventional synchronization algorithms for impulse radio require high-speed sampling and a precise local clock. Here, a phase-locked loop (PLL) scheme is introduced to acquire and track periodical impulses. The proposed impulse PLL (iPLL) is analyzed under an ideal Gaussian noise channel and multipath environment. The timing synchronization can be recovered directly from the locked frequency and phase. To make full use of the high harmonics of the received impulses efficiently in synchronization, the switching phase detector is applied in iPLL. It is capable of obtaining higher loop gain without a rise in timing errors. In different environments, simulations verify our analysis and show about one-tenth of the root mean square errors of conventional impulse synchronizations. The developed iPLL prototype applied in a high-speed ultra-wideband transceiver shows its feasibility, low complexity, and high precision.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2018

Existing radio positioning systems have a drawback that the attitude of user's tag is difficult to be determined. Although forward link angle of arrival (FLAOA) technology that uses measurements of array antenna arranged in a tag among the angle of arrival (AOA) technologies can estimate attitude and positioning of tags, it cannot extend the estimated results into three-dimensional (3D) results due to complex non-linear model displayed because of the effects of 3D positioning and attitude in tags. This paper proposed a radio navigation technique that determines 3D attitude and positioning via FLAOA / time of arrival (TOA) integration. According to the order of determining attitude and positioning, two integration techniques were proposed. To analyze the performance of the proposed technique, MATLAB-based simulations were used to verify the performance. The simulation results showed that the first proposed method, TOA-FLAOA integrated technique, showed about 0.15 m of positioning error, and $2-3^{\circ}$ of attitude error performances regardless of the positioning space size whereas the second method, differenced FLAOA-TOA integrated technique, revealed a problem that a positioning error became larger as the size of the positioning space became larger.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.3821-3841
• /
• 2019

Cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) have been regarded in recent times as a promising concept in future 5G technologies where all DSP processors are moved into a central base band unit (BBU) pool in the cloud, and distributed remote radio heads (RRHs) compress and forward received radio signals from mobile users to the BBUs through radio links. In such dynamic environment, automatic decision-making approaches, such as artificial intelligence based deep reinforcement learning (DRL), become imperative in designing new solutions. In this paper, we propose a generic framework of autonomous cell activation and customized physical resource allocation schemes for energy consumption and QoS optimization in wireless networks. We formulate the problem as fractional power control with bandwidth adaptation and full power control and bandwidth allocation models and set up a Q-learning model to satisfy the QoS requirements of users and to achieve low energy consumption with the minimum number of active RRHs under varying traffic demand and network densities. Extensive simulations are conducted to show the effectiveness of our proposed solution compared to existing schemes.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.525-536
• /
• 2022

The current state of telecommunications infrastructure in the Arctic does not allow providing a wide range of required services for people, businesses and other categories, which necessitates the use of non-traditional approaches to its organization. The paper proposes an innovative approach to building a combined communication network based on tethered high-altitude platform station (HAPS) located at an altitude of 1-7 km and connected via radio channels with terrestrial and satellite communication networks. Network configuration and composition of telecommunication equipment placed on HAPS and located on the terrestrial and satellite segment of the network was justified. The availability of modern equipment and the distributed structure of such an integrated network will allow, unlike existing networks (Iridium, Gonets, etc.), to organize personal mobile communications, data transmission and broadband Internet up to 100 Mbps access for mobile and fixed subscribers, rapid transmission of information from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A substantiation of the possibility of achieving high network capacity in various paths is presented: inter-platform radio links, subscriber radio links, HAPS feeder lines - terrestrial network gateway, HAPS radio links - satellite retransmitter (SR), etc. The economic efficiency of the proposed solution is assessed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.697-708
• /
• 2016

As the needs for fast wireless communication technology in various fields, including companies, individuals, etc., grows, many research projects related to the coverage of propagation are being carried out for plaining optimized communication services. On the other hand, there are some limitations in surveying and analyzing propagation in highland areas. To provide a better communication service of a new service, a range of radio environment conditions based on a wide radio bandwidth (selection of propagation model, correction of value in accordance with radio bandwidth, etc.) should be considered. In particular, radio environment conditions are becoming increasingly sophisticated. By the early detection of real-time changes in the radio spectrum, which is based on an examination and research of regional occupied band width condition, proper measures should be established. To make a proper solution of above, the basic real-time analysis of spectrum distribution status by regional groups is necessary. In addition, the establishment of prompt measures should be enable by stored or analyzed radio data. In an attempt to predict reliable propagation coverage, this thesis examines the limited propagation data with HTZ Warfare, which were collected from domestic high land sites faced with limited access. Furthermore, a comparative result value evaluation for an optimized propagation model was performed through testing simulations, and frequency-dependent and propagation model-dependent analysis.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.726-738
• /
• 2016

This study analyzed the properties of VHF band and suggested an efficient VHF band application plan for digital radio and UHDTV broadcasting through the experiment by the house T-DMB device in practical user environment. In order to find an efficient frequency band for digital radio broadcasting, this study examined first, to check the times of drop-out receive occurring in the audible area using a DMB/FM CAR Radio for T-DMB that has the characteristics of DAB. Second, this article explored the phenomenon of feedback loops in the same channel using a T-DMB house gap filler transmitting the signal by the same OFDM modulation scheme with UHDTV for configuring suitable SFN transmission network of the UHDTV broadcasting. Based on these experiments, this study suggested a suitable VHF band for digital radio and an efficient utilization of the VHF frequency band for the SFN network configuration of UHDTV.