• 제목/요약/키워드: Radiation power spectrum

검색결과 106건 처리시간 0.033초

RTA 시스템에서의 온도제어와 웨이퍼상의 온도분포 Simulation (Temperature Control and Wafer Temperature Distribution Simulation in RTA System)

  • 조병진;김경태;김충기
    • 대한전자공학회논문지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.647-653
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    • 1988
  • A rapid thermal annealing system using tungsten halogen lamp has been designed and assembled. A control scheme where the temperature control is executed with calculated wafer temperature by considering the thermocouple delay rather than measured thermocouple temperature,is proposed. This control scheme gives more accurate control of the wafer temperature. In addition, the distribution of transmitted light power to the wafer in the system has been simulated, and lamp interval modification has been able to give more uniform light power distribution. Considering incident light spectrum, absorption, reflection, radiation of silicon, etc., temperature profile has been simulated. When the light power uniformity on the 3" wafer is below 1%, the temperature uniformity is about 2%.

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왕복동 압축기의 고주파수 대역 소음 저감 (Noise Reduction of a Reciprocating Compressor in a High Frequency Range)

  • 이진우;이제원;주재만
    • 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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    • pp.521-526
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    • 2004
  • This paper introduces works performed for reducing high frequency noise of a reciprocating compressor. Noise in a high frequency range strongly affects sound quality as well as increases total noise level of the compressor. In order to reduce the noise, two different works were carried out. the first work was to measure the vibration Power transferred through suspension spring and discharge pipe; and the second one was to obtain operational deflection shape from cross-power spectrum measured on shell. Based on the information, Adequate structural modification of the transfer path and shell resulted in noise reduction in a high frequency range.

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EVOLUTION OF THE PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELD I. INITIAL MORPHOLOGY AND STRENGTH

  • Jung, Jae-Hun;Park, Chang-Bom
    • 천문학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.109-117
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    • 1995
  • The morphology and strength of the primordial magnetic field which is generated spontaneously in the early universe are studied for three models: (1) inflation (2) primordial magnetized bubble and (3) primordial turbulence models, We calculate the power spectra of magnetic field that are scale-free and proportional to $k^{1.5},k^{3{\sim}4}$ and $k^{2/3}$, respectively. The configurations of magnetic field having these power spectra are visualized. To constrain the present strength of the primordial magnetic field we calculate the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation in Bianchi type I universe with globally homogeneous magnetic field. From the COBE limit of the quadrupole moment of $({\delta}T/T)_{l=2}$ the present strength of horizen-scale magnetic fields $B_p$ is constrained to be less than $9{\times}10^{-8}G$.

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방사선치료시 전자포털영상장치를 이용한 잡음전력스펙트럼 방법론 측정비교 (Comparison of Noise Power Spectrum Methodologies in Measurements by Using Various Electronic Portal Imaging Devices in Radiation Therapy)

  • 손순룡;최관우;정회원;권경태;김기원;이영아;손진현;민정환
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2016
  • 잡음전력스펙트럼 (noise power spectrum, NPS)는 noise 진폭의 측정과 균일한 방사선 영역으로부터 획득된 영상의 품질에 가장 일반적인 방법 중 하나이다. 이 연구의 목적은 megavoltage X-ray 에너지를 사용하여 다른 잡음 전력스펙트럼 방법론들을 비교하는 것이다. 진단 영역에서의 잡음전력스펙트럼 평가 방법들은 국제 전기 규격 international electro-technical commission(IEC 62220-1) 기준을 사용하여 치료 영역에 적용되었다. 우리가 사용한 전자포털영상장치(electronic portal imaging device, EPID)는 Varian TrueBeam$^{TM}$, Siemens BEAMVIEW$^{PLUS}$, Elekta iViewGT 그리고 Varian Clinac$^R$ iX aS1000이었다. 잡음전력스펙트럼의 관심영역을 측정하기 위해, 우리는 겹침 (overlapping), 비겹침 (non-overlapping), 평탄도 (flatness), 반음영 (penumbra) 4가지 인자를 사용하였다. 결과적으로는 Siemens BEAMVIEW$^{PLUS}$, Varian TrueBeam$^{TM}$ flattening filter, Varian Clinac$^R$ iX aS1000, Varian TrueBeam$^{TM}$ flattening filter free에서의 잡음 (noise) 분포는 기존의 첫번째, 두번째, 세번째 실험방법보다는 Elekta iViewGT보다 현격하게 높은 noise 분포가 나타남을 알 수 있다. 이번 연구는 다양한 인자들이 잡음전력스펙트럼의 megavoltage imaging (MVI)영상에서 MVI영역에서 잡음전력 스펙트럼의 기준의 방법론으로 사용되어질 수 있다는 것을 보여주었다.

Evaluation of Radiological Effects on the Aptamers to Remove Ionic Radionuclides in the Liquid Radioactive Waste

  • Minhye Lee;Gilyong Cha;Dongki Kim;Miyong Yun;Daehyuk Jang;Sunyoung Lee;Song Hyun Kim;Hyuncheol Kim;Soonyoung Kim
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2023
  • Background: Aptamers are currently being used in various fields including medical treatments due to their characteristics of selectively binding to specific molecules. Due to their special characteristics, the aptamers are expected to be used to remove radionuclides from a large amount of liquid radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The radiological effects on the aptamers should be evaluated to ensure their integrity for the application of a radionuclide removal technique. Materials and Methods: In this study, Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code version 6 (MCNP6) and Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) codes were employed to evaluate the radiological effects on the aptamers. MCNP6 was used to evaluate the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose in a medium. MCDS was used to calculate the DNA damage by using the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose. Binding experiments were conducted to indirectly verify the results derived by MCNP6 and MCDS calculations. Results and Discussion: Damage yields of about 5.00×10-4 were calculated for 100 bp aptamer due to the radiation dose of 1 Gy. In experiments with radioactive materials, the results that the removal rate of the radioactive 60Co by the aptamer is the same with the non-radioactive 59Co prove the accuracy of the previous DNA damage calculation. Conclusion: The evaluation results suggest that only very small fraction of significant number of the aptamers will be damaged by the radioactive materials in the liquid radioactive waste.

Study on Dose Rate on the Surface of Cask Packed with Activated Cut-off Pieces from Decommissioned Nuclear Power Plant

  • Park, Kwang Soo;Kim, Hae Woong;Sohn, Hee Dong;Kim, Nam Kyun;Lee, Chung Kyu;Lee, Yun;Lee, Ji Hoon;Hwang, Young Hwan;Lee, Mi Hyun;Lee, Dong Kyu;Jung, Duk Woon
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.178-186
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    • 2020
  • Background: Reactor pressure vessel (RV) with internals (RVI) are activated structures by neutron irradiation and volume contaminated wastes. Thus, to develop safe and optimized disposal plan for them at a disposal site, it is important to perform exact activation calculation and evaluate the dose rate on the surface of casks which contain cut-off pieces. Materials and Methods: RV and RVI are subjected to neutron activation calculation via Monte Carlo methodology with MCNP6 and ORIGEN-S program-neutron flux, isotopic specific activity, and gamma spectrum calculation on each component of RV and RVI, and dose rate evaluation with MCNP6. Results and Discussion: Through neutron activation analysis, dose rate is evaluated for the casks containing cut-off pieces produced from decommissioned RV and RVI. For RV cut-off ones, the highest value of dose rate on the surface of cask is 6.97 × 10-1 mSv/hr and 2 m from it is 3.03 × 10-2 mSv/hr. For RVI cut-off ones, on the surface of it is 0.166 × 10-1 mSv/hr and 2 m from it is 1.04 × 10-1 mSv/hr. Dose rates for various RV and RVI cut-off pieces distributed lower than the limit except the one of 2 m from the cask surface of RVI. It needs to adjust contents in cask which carries highly radioactive components in order to decrease thickness of cask. Conclusion: Two types of casks are considered in this paper: box type for very-low-level waste (VLLW) as well as low-level waste (LLW) and cylinder type for intermediate-level waste (ILW). The results will contribute to the development of optimal loading plans for RV and RVI cut-off pieces during the decommissioning of nuclear power plant that can be used to prepare radioactive waste disposal plans for the different types of wastes-ILW, LLW, and VLLW.

The Spectral Sharpness Angle of Gamma-ray Bursts

  • Yu, Hoi-Fung;van Eerten, Hendrik J.;Greiner, Jochen;Sari, Re'em;Bhat, P. Narayana;Kienlin, Andreas von;Paciesas, William S.;Preece, Robert D.
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.109-117
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    • 2016
  • We explain the results of Yu et al. (2015b) of the novel sharpness angle measurement to a large number of spectra obtained from the Fermi gamma-ray burst monitor. The sharpness angle is compared to the values obtained from various representative emission models: blackbody, single-electron synchrotron, synchrotron emission from a Maxwellian or power-law electron distribution. It is found that more than 91% of the high temporally and spectrally resolved spectra are inconsistent with any kind of optically thin synchrotron emission model alone. It is also found that the limiting case, a single temperature Maxwellian synchrotron function, can only contribute up to 58+23−18% of the peak flux. These results show that even the sharpest but non-realistic case, the single-electron synchrotron function, cannot explain a large fraction of the observed spectra. Since any combination of physically possible synchrotron spectra added together will always further broaden the spectrum, emission mechanisms other than optically thin synchrotron radiation are likely required in a full explanation of the spectral peaks or breaks of the GRB prompt emission phase.

시계열 분석 및 수치실험을 통한 완도의 하계 수온분포 (A Study on the Distribution of Summer Water Temperature in Wando Using Time-Series Analysis and Numerical Experiments)

  • 장찬일;정다운;김동선
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.188-195
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 완도 해역에서 단기적인 수온의 변화에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하기 위하여 시계열 분석을 실시하였다. Power spectrum 결과에서 기온은 약 24 hr에서 peak를 보였으나 수온과 조위는 약 12 hr 및 24 hr에서 peak가 나타났다. 수온과 조위의 상관성을 파악하기 위해 coherence 분석을 실시한 결과, 두 변수는 반일주기에서 0.92로 높은 상관성을 보였다. 또한 수온의 시 공간적인 분포를 파악하기 위하여 수치실험을 실시하였다. 대조기에는 최강 낙조와 최강 창조 시의 평균 수온차가 $0.3^{\circ}C$인 반면, 소조기에는 평균 수온차가 $0.13^{\circ}C$로 작았다. 대조기의 수온차가 큰 이유는 비교적 수온이 낮은 외해수가 강한 조류에 의해 창조 시 유입되고 낙조 시 빠져나가기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 전반적으로 수온은 외해보다 연안에서 높게 나타났다. 외해보다 연안은 수심이 얕기 때문에 일사량에 의해 수온이 빠르게 증가하기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

방사선치료의 다양한 EPID 영상 질평가 (Evaluation of Image Quality for Various Electronic Portal Imaging Devices in Radiation Therapy)

  • 손순룡;최관우;김정민;정회원;권경태;조정희;이제희;정재용;김기원;이영아;손진현;민정환
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.451-461
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    • 2015
  • MV방사선 치료는 둘러싸여 있는 정상조직의 피폭선량을 최소화 하면서, target volume 내에 정확하게 선량을 전달하는데 있어 중요한 요인이다. 본 연구에서는 방사선 치료의 높은 정확성을 유지하기 위하여 megavoltage X-ray imaging (MVI)에서 edge block 을 사용한 digital radiography (DR) system 검출기의 modulation transfer function (MTF: 변조전달함수), the noise power spectrum (NPS: 잡음전력스펙트럼) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE: 양자검출효율)를 측정하고자 한다. 우리는 텅스텐으로 구성된 19 (thickness) ${\times}$ 10 (length) ${\times}$ 1 (width) $cm^3$의 edge block을 사용하였으며, 다음과 같은 setting들로 pre-sampling modulation transfer function (MTF)를 계산하였다: 6-megavolt (MV) energy를 사용하고, 다양한 Radiotherapy장비인 TrueBeamTM (Varian), BEAMVIEWPLUS (Siemens), iViewGT (Elekta), ClinacR iX (Varian) 를 사용하였다. MTF결과에서 Varian TrueBeamTM flattening filter free가 MTF의 50% ($mm^{-1}$)에서 0.46, 10% ($mm^{-1}$) 에서 1.40로 가장 highest value를 보였다. Noise 분포는 Elekta iViewGT가 가장 낮은 분포를 보였다. DQE에서는 E lekt a iViewGT가 peak DQE에서 0.0026 그리고 $1mm^{-1}$ DQE 에서 0.00014로 가장 높았다. 본 연구는 Edge method를 이용하여 MTF와 DQE산출을 재현하였으며, 현재 임상에서 사용되는 DR 시스템 측정의 높은 정확성을 유지할 수 있었으며 이러한 연구는 전통적인 QA 영상화뿐만 아니라 검출기 개발 연구에 있어서 정량적인 MTF, NPS, DQE 측정에 더욱 더 효율적으로 사용될 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

전력선 통신이 해상 통신에 주는 전파 방사 영향 연구 (A Study on Impact of emissions from power line communication interfering with marine radio services)

  • 장동원
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 춘계종합학술대회
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    • pp.115-118
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    • 2003
  • 본 고에서는 전력선 통신이 해상 통신 서비스에 주는 간섭에 대해서 기술하였다. 전력선 통신 뿐 만 아니라 통신선을 이용하는 ADSL이나 VDSL은 고속의 데이터 전송을 위해 광대역을 사용하는데 이때 발생되는 전파 방사가 해상 통신 둥 기존 무선 서비스에 간섭을 주게 된다. 본 고에서는 30MHz이하의 대역에서 사용되고 있는 해상 통신 서비스가 전력선 통신에 의해서 간섭을 받게 될 수 있는 가능성을 분석하고 이러한 간섭을 피하기 위한 보호 대책에 대해서 기술하였다.

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