• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.202-212
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• 2017

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent; however, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity associated with DOX significantly limits its clinical application. In the present study, we investigated whether Rb1 could prevent DOX-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). H9C2 cells were treated with various concentrations ($-{\mu}M$) of Rb1. AhR, CYP1A protein and mRNA expression were quantified with Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We also evaluated the expression levels of caspase-3 to assess the anti-apoptotic effects of Rb1. Our results showed that Rb1 attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis and reduced caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not caspase-9 activity in DOX-treated H9C2 cells. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with Rb1 decreased the expression of caspase-3 and PARP in the protein levels, with no effects on cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 in DOX-stimulated cells. Rb1 markedly decreased the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression induced by DOX. Furthermore, transfection with AhR siRNA or pre-treatment with AhR antagonist CH-223191 significantly inhibited the ability of Rb1 to decrease the induction of CYP1A, as well as caspase-3 protein levels following stimulation with DOX. In conclusion, these findings indicate that AhR plays an important role in the protection of Ginsenoside Rb1 against DOX-triggered apoptosis of H9C2 cells.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2010

Purpose: Whole-body CT is a very attractive diagnostic tool to clinicians, especially, in trauma. It is generally accepted that trauma patients who are not alert require whole-body CT. However, in alert trauma patients, the usefulness is questionable. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the medical records of 146 patients with blunt multiple trauma who underwent whole body CT scanning for a trauma workup from March 1, 2008 to February 28, 2009. We classified the patients into two groups by patients' mental status (alert group: 110 patients, not-alert group: 36 patients). In the alert group, we compared the patients' evidence of injury (present illness, physical examination, neurological examination) with the CT findings. Results: One hundred forty six(146) patients underwent whole-body CT. The mean age was $44.6{\pm}18.9$ years. One hundred four (104, 71.2%) were men, and the injury severity score was $14.0{\pm}10.38$. In the not-alert group, the ratios of abnormal CT findings were relatively high: head 23/36(63.9%), neck 3/6(50.0%), chest 16/36(44.4%) and abdomen 9/36(25%). In the alert group, patients with no evidence of injury were rare (head 1, chest 6 and abdomen 2). Nine(9) patients did not need any intervention or surgery. Conclusion: Whole-body CT has various disadvantages, such as radiation, contrast induced nephropathy and high medical costs. In multiple trauma patients, if they are alert and have no evidence of injury, they rarely have abnormal CT findings, and mostly do not need invasive treatment. Therefore, we should be cautious in performing whole-body CT in alert multiple trauma patients.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.133-140
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• 1984

인체가 방사선에 의해 손상을 받게 되면, 실제적으로 치료, 회복시킨 수 있는 물질은 아직 발견되지 않았다. 이에 저자는 720R의 X-선을 조사시킨 mice에 Oura 등의 방법에 따라 부분 정제한 인삼 추출물을 투여하여 X-선 손상으로부터의 회복능을 검정하였다. 주사한 인삼 추출물의 용량에 의존적으로 30일간의 생존율이 증가하였다. Saline을 주사한 대조군과 인삼 추출물을 주사한 실험군 사이의 생존율의 차이는, 동물 한 마리당 1.8mg을 투여한 실험에서 조차 통계학적으로 유의성을 보였다. (P<0.001) 550R의 X-선을 조사시킨 mice에 인삼 추출물을 투여하면 적혈구와 혈소판의 양적 회복이 촉진되었다. 또한 인삼 추출물중 열에 안정한 분획이 비장이 비대하여지는 것과 같은 부작용이 없어 방사선의 손상으로부터 보호 효과가 있음을 알았다. 이 분획은 mice뿐만 아니라, 반치사량의 X-선을 조사한 rat, guinea pig와 같은 실험동물에 있어서도 30일간의 생존율이 더 연장되므로서 현저한 효과를 보였다. 혈액상태 특히 혈소판의 양적 회복은 열에 안정한 이 분획에 의해서도 촉진되었다. 열에 안정한 분획을 투여한 mice에 있어서 X-선 조사에 의한 출혈이 방지되는데, 이를 매일 매일의 변에서 잠재혈액을 측정함으로써 정량적으로 관찰하였다. 결론적으로, 인삼 투여로 방사선에 의한 치사율이 감소되는데 이의 기전은 혈소판 생성을 촉진시키며, X-선에 의한 출혈을 감소시키기 때문이다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 1995

All patients who will Undergo irraidiation of the oral cavity cancer will need dental before and during Radiotherapy. The extent of the region and the presence of numerous critical normal tissues(mucosa, gingiva, teeth and the alveolar ridge, alveolar bony structure, etc) in the oral cavity area, injury to which could result in serious functional impairment. Therefore I evaluate the Usefulness of custom-made intraoral shielding device before and during Radiotherapy in oral cavity cancer. Materials and Methods(1) : Manufacture process of Custom-made intraoral shielding device Containing Cerroband. A. Acquisition of impression B. Matrix Constitution C. Separation by Separator D. Sprincle on method E. Trimming F. Spacing G. Fill with Cerroband Materials and Methods (2) A. Preannealing B. TLD Set up C. Annealing D. TLD Reading = Results = Therefore dosimetric characteristics in oral cavity by TLD Compared to isodose curve dose distribution Ipsilateral oral mucosa, Contralateral oral mucosa, alveolar ridge, tongue, dose was reduced by intraoral shielding device containning Cerroband technique Compard to isodose plan = Conclusions = The custom-made intra-oral shielding device containing Cerroband was useful in reducing the Contralateral oral mucosa dose and Volume irradiated.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1994년도 94 Symposium on Plant science September 10, 1994 Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea 94 식물학 심포지움 환경 스트레스와 식물의 반응
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• pp.29-39
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• 1994

Serious issues about the changes in the environmental conditions on earth associated with human activities have arisen, and the interest in these problems has increased. It is urgent to determine how the expansion of terrestrial UV-B radiation due to the stratospheric ozone depletion influences living matters. In this connection, we have been investigating the effects of UV-B radiation on the growth of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). We report here some physiological and genetic aspects of resistance to inhibitory effects of UV-B radiation on growth of rice cultivars as described below. Elevated UV radiation containing large amount of UV-B and a small amount of UV-C inhibited the development of plant height, the photosynthetic rate and the chlorophyll content in rice plants in a phytotron. Similar results were obtained in experiments, in which elevated UV-V radiation. Similar results were obtained in experiments, in which elevated UV-B radiation (transmission down to 290 nm) was applied instead of UV-B radiation containing a small amount of UV-C. The inhibitory effects of UV radiation was alleviated by the elevated CO2 atmospheric environment or by the exposure to the high irradiance visible radiation. The latter suggested the possibility that the resistance to the effects of UV radiation was either due to a lower sensitivity to UV radiation or to a greater ability to recover from the injury caused by UV radiation through the exposure to visible radiation. The examination of cultivar differences in the resistance to UV radiation-caused injuries among 198 rice cultivars belonging to 5 Asian rice ecotypes (aus, aman, boro, bulu and tjeleh) from the Bengal region and Indonesia and to Japanese lowland and upland rice groups showed the following: Various cultivars having different sensitivities to the effects of UV radiation were involved in the same ecotype and the same group, and that the Japanese lowland rice group and the boro ecotype were more resistant. Among Japanese lowland rice cultivars, Sasanishiki (one of the leading varieties in Japan) exhibited more resistance to UV rakiation, while Norin 1 showed less resistance, although these two cultivars are closely related. It was thus indicated that the resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation of rice cultivars is not simply due to the difference in the geographical situation where rice cultuvars are cultivated. Form the genetic analysis of resistance to the inhibitory effects of UV radiation on growth of rice using F2 plants generated by reciprocally crossing Sasanishiki and Norin 1 and F3 lines generated by self-fertilizing F2 plants, it was evident that the resistance to the inhibitory of elebated UV radiation in these rice plants was controlled by recessive polygenes.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

방사선치료후 발생할 수 있는 골 손상은 골반 부전골절, 방사선 골 괴사, 무혈성 괴사, 골 육종 등이다, 특히 최근 방사선치료후의 골탄성도의 변화로 발생하는 골반 부전골절에 관하여 많은 보고가 있었다. 과거 방사선치료 후의 골 손상 특히 골절의 빈도는 선형가속기를 이용한 메가볼트 방사선치료 바뀌면서 현저히 줄어 들어서 매우 낮은 것으로 보고 되었으나 최근에는 $8{\sim}20%$로 보고가 되고 있다. 따라서 골반 부전골절의 임상적 의미와 중요성과 예방 및 치료에 대하여 관심이 증가되고 있다. 저자는 자궁경부암 치료 후 관찰한 골반 부전골절, 골 괴사, 무혈성 괴사, 및 2차성 골육종등 골반골 변화와 손상에 관하여 저자의 경험과 문헌고찰을 통하여 보고 하고자 한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2007

To study the protective effects of antioxidants on the radiation damages of the cells, vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) from thoracic aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and irradiated with gamma-ray. Cell viability was measured by direct cell counting and MTT assay, and flow cytometry was performed to measure fractional distributions of the cells. Gamma-ray irradiation inhibited cell proliferations accompanied with decreased G1 phase and increased S- and G2/M phases, and the maximum effects were observed at 1500 or 2000 cGy. Submaximal concentrations of antioxidants, such as allopurinol, vitamin C, N-acetylcycteine(NAC), lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid and rebamipide tended to increase the cell viability suppressed by low dose of radiation(500 cGy), and enalapril and vitamin E increased it significantly. Allopurinol, vitamin E, NAC, lipoic acid, captopril and enalapril significantly increased G1 phase. Allopurinol and vitamin E tended to increase c-Myc expression, detected by Western blot, that was reduced by the radiation, and enalapril increased it significantly. The cell viability and c-Myc expression were highly correlated(r=0.97) with each other. These results suggest that antioxidants, especially enalapril and vitamin E, recover the viability of VSMC from gamma-radiation injury, through a mechanism which includes increase of c-Myc protein expression.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2015

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of pediatric trauma patients came to the emergency department. Without guidelines, many of these children underwent repeat brain computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of repeat brain CT in children with TBI. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of TBI in children younger than 19 years of age who visited the emergency department (ED) from January 2011 to December 2012. According to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale score of the patients, study population divided in three groups. Clinical data collected included age, mechanism of injury, type of TBI, and outcome. Results: A Total 83 children with TBI received repeat brain CT. There were no need for neurosurgical intervention in mild TBI (GCS score 13-15) group who underwent routine repeat CT. 4 patients of mild TBI group, received repeat brain CT due to neurological deterioration, and one patient underwent neurosurgical intervention. Routine repeat CT identified 12 patients with radiographic progression. One patient underwent neurosurgical intervention based on the second brain CT finding, who belonged to the moderate TBI (GCS score 9-12) group. Conclusion: Our study showed that children with mild TBI can be observed without repeat brain CT when there is no evidence of neurologic deterioration. Further study is needed for establish indication for repetition of CT scan in order to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure of children.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to calculate and analyze the effective radiation doses from computed tomography (CT) and radiologic intervention in patients in the emergency department (ED) with trauma critical pathway (CP) activation and further to estimate the lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for the incidence of and mortality from cancers induced by the radiation dose. Methods: Through a retrospective electrical chart review of 104 injured patients who trauma critical pathway were activated from November 2012 to March 2013, we calculated effective radiologic doses by taking the product of the dose-linear product of the scan and the conversion coefficient. After a determination of the image results, we divided the patients into two groups, negative or positive, and calculated the effective dose for each group. With these results, we estimated the LARs for the incidence of and the mortality from cancers by using the table in the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR)-VII report. Results: A total of 76 patients were enrolled. The mean age was $49.0{\pm}8.5$ years. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was $12.7{\pm}8.4$. The cumulative effective dose (CED) for individual patients varied from 2.8 mSv to 238.8 mSv, and the mean was $47.6{\pm}39.9$ mSv. The CED in patients with an $ISS{\geq}16$($63.2{\pm}26.6$ mSv) was higher than that of patients whose ISS<16($33.5{\pm}23.1$ mSv) (p<0.001). The CED in patients who were treated with surgery or intervention($69.0{\pm}45.2$ mSv) was higher than that of patients who were treated conservatively($33.6{\pm}22.4$ mSv) (p<0.001). The LARs for cancer incidence and mortality were $328.5{\pm}308.6$ and $189.0{\pm}159.3$ per 100,000 people, respectively. Conclusion: The CED and the LAR for trauma CP-activated patients in the ED were significant, so efforts should be made to decrease the effective dose received by severely injured patients.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 1995

비전리 방사선의 인체에 대한 작용은 최근 우리 주위에서 많이 사용되는 microwave, radio wave, laser, ultrasoundwave, ultravioletradiation 등의 문제가 될 수 있으며 본고에서는 주로 Radio Frequency Electromagnetic (RFEM) spectrum의 shortwave와 microwave의 생물학적인 작용을 정리 발표하고자 한다. RFEM에 의한 carcinogenesis에 관해서는 아직 RFEM이 인체에서는 발암물질로서 작용한다는 보고는 없으나, cancer promotion에는 작용할 것이라는 보고는 있다. chromosomal effect에 관해서는 체외실험에서 microwave에 의한 chromosome의 stickiness의 증가와 mitotic index의 변화에 관한 보고가 있다. 인체에서는 RFEM에 많이 피폭되었다고 알려진 Moscow의 미 대사관 직원 5000명을 대상으로 한 역학조사에서는 특별한 염색채 이상은 발견되지 않았다. 동구에서의 보고에 의하면 RFEM에 의한 선천성 기형아의 출산이 보고된바 있으나 출산시의 통증을 줄이기 위한 2450 MHz의 microwave를 조사한 산모 2000명 출산아에서 기형은 없었다고 한다. 인간의 행동과 정서적인 측면에서 RFEM에 의한 변화는 1974년 Sadcikoda에 의해 기술된바 있는 µwave sickness&는 irritability, 두통, 전신쇄약, 불면증, 성욕 감퇴 및 발기부전 등을 호소하는 증후군으로 주로 동유럽의 저자들에 의하여 보고되고 있으며 구 소련에서는 microwave sickness 또는 radio wave sickness는 확실한 하나의 임상병명으로 간주되고 있다. cataractogenesis에 관해서는 실험 동물에서 잘 연구되고 있으며, 사람에서도 1952년 레이다 작업종사자 에서 보고된 이후 50여례 이상의 보고가 있으나 백내장 자체가 그 발생 빈도가 높은 질환이고 많은 원인이 있으므로 아직 인간에서의 확실한 cataractogenesis에 관해서는 더욱 연구가 필요한 분야이다. radar wave에 노출된 적이 있는 군인을 대상으로 한 미 해군의 역학조사에 의하여 radar wave에 의한 uveitis, retinitis와 비진행성 백내장등이 보고되고 있으나 딴 연구에서는 입증된바 없다.