• Title/Summary/Keyword: Radiation attenuation parameters

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Implementation of waste silicate glass into composition of ordinary cement for radiation shielding applications

  • Eid, Mohanad S.;Bondouk, I.I.;Saleh, Hosam M.;Omar, Khaled M.;Sayyed, M.I.;El-Khatib, Ahmed M.;Elsafi, Mohamed
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.1456-1463
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    • 2022
  • The aim of this work is to study the radiation shielding properties of cement samples with waste glass incortated into its composition. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of the samples were experimentally determined to evaluate their radiation shielding ability. The experimental coefficient was evaluated using NaI detector for gamma energies between 59.53 keV and 1408.01 keV using different radioactive point sources Am-241, Eu-152, Co-60, and Cs-137, and the gamma transmission parameters half-value layer, mean free path, and transmission factor were calculated. The theoretical coefficient of the composites was determined using Geant4 and XCOM software. The results were also compared against Geant4 and XCOM simulations by calculating the relative deviation between the values to determine the accuracy of the results. In addition the mechanical properties (including Compressive and porosity) as well as the thermogravimetric analysis were tested for the present samples. Overall, it was concluded that the cement sample with 50% waste glass has the greatest shielding potential for radiation shielding applications and is a useful way to reuse waste glass.

Correlation between the concentration of TeO2 and the radiation shielding properties in the TeO2-MoO3-V2O5 glass system

  • Y. Al-Hadeethi ;M.I. Sayyed
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.1218-1224
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    • 2023
  • We investigated the radiation shielding competence for TeO2-V2O5-MoO3 glasses. The Phy-X software was used to report the radiation shielding parameters for the present glasses. With an increase in TeO2 and MoO3 content, the samples' linear attenuation coefficient improves. However, at low energies, this change is more apparent. At low energy, the present samples have an effective atomic number (Zeff) that is relatively high (in order of 16.17-24.48 at 0.347 MeV). In addition, the findings demonstrated that the density of the samples is a very critical factor in determining the half value layer (HVL). The minimal HVL for each sample can be found at 0.347 MeV and corresponds to 1.776, 1.519, 1.391, 1.210 and 1.167 cm for Te1 to Te5 respectively. However, the highest HVL of these glasses is recorded at 1.33 MeV, which corresponds to 3.773, 3.365, 3.218, 2.925 and 2.908 cm respectively. The tenth value layer results indicate that the thickness of the specimens needs to be increased in order to shield the photons that have a greater energy. Also, the TVL results demonstrated that the sample with the greatest TeO2 and MoO3 concentration has a higher capacity to attenuate photons.

Enhancing Gamma-Neutron Shielding Effectiveness of Polyvinylidene Fluoride for Potent Applications in Nuclear Industries: A Study on the Impact of Tungsten Carbide, Trioxide, and Disulfide Using EpiXS, Phy-X/PSD, and MCNP5 Code

  • Ayman Abu Ghazal;Rawand Alakash;Zainab Aljumaili;Ahmed El-Sayed;Hamza Abdel-Rahman
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.48 no.4
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    • pp.184-196
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    • 2023
  • Background: Radiation protection is crucial in various fields due to the harmful effects of radiation. Shielding is used to reduce radiation exposure, but gamma radiation poses challenges due to its high energy and penetration capabilities. Materials and Methods: This work investigates the radiation shielding properties of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) samples containing different weight fraction of tungsten carbide (WC), tungsten trioxide (WO3), and tungsten disulfide (WS2). Parameters such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), and macroscopic effective removal cross-section for fast neutrons (ΣR) were calculated using the Phy-X/PSD software. EpiXS simulations were conducted for MAC validation. Results and Discussion: Increasing the weight fraction of the additives resulted in higher MAC values, indicating improved radiation shielding. PVDF-xWC showed the highest percentage increase in MAC values. MFP results indicated that PVDF-0.20WC has the lowest values, suggesting superior shielding properties compared to PVDF-0.20WO3 and PVDF-0.20WS2. PVDF-0.20WC also exhibited the highest Zeff values, while PVDF-0.20WS2 showed a slightly higher increase in Zeff at energies of 0.662 and 1.333 MeV. PVDF-0.20WC has demonstrated the highest ΣR value, indicating effective shielding against fast neutrons, while PVDF-0.20WS2 had the lowest ΣR value. The Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport version 5 (MCNP5) simulations showed that PVDF-xWC attenuates gamma radiation more than pure PVDF, significantly decreasing the dose equivalent rate. Conclusion: Overall, this research provides insights into the radiation shielding properties of PVDF mixtures, with PVDF-xWC showing the most promising results.

Source parameters of earthquakes occurred in the Korean Peninsula (한반도 발생 지진의 지진원 상수)

  • 김성균;김병철
    • Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2002.03a
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    • pp.3-11
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    • 2002
  • Source parameters for forty nine recent earthquakes occurred in and around Korean Peninsula are determined and the relations among them are studied. The corner frequency and seismic moment are estimated from three different methods. The spectral fitting of the source displacement spectrum with the $\omega$-square source model of Brune(1970) and Snoke(1987)'s method are applied to all events and empirical Green's function method for two events are adopted. The source parameters determined in this study show different values depending on the adopted method and on the stations of which seismograms are recorded. It is interpreted that the disagreements principally originate from insufficient consideration of source radiation pattern and attenuation and amplification according to path direction. The corner frequencies and seismic moments are averaged to exclude the directional effects and other source parameters are estimated from the mean corner frequency and seismic moment. The static stress drops estimated in this study tend to be independent of seismic moment or magnitude for events above a certain size. For earthquakes with the size less than about 3.0$\times$10$^{21}$dyne-cm(nearly same as M$_{L}$=3.7), the stress drop tends to decrease with the decreasing moment. This fact suggests a breakdown of scaling law of source parameters below the threshold magnitude. The moment magnitudes calculated from source parameters appear to be slightly larger than the Richter's local magnitudes in the range above M$_{L}$=3.5.3.5.

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Lead-free inorganic metal perovskites beyond photovoltaics: Photon, charged particles and neutron shielding applications

  • Srilakshmi Prabhu;Dhanya Y. Bharadwaj;S.G. Bubbly;S.B. Gudennavar
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.1061-1070
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    • 2023
  • Over the last few years, lead-free inorganic metal perovskites have gained impressive ground in empowering satellites in space exploration owing to their material stability and performance evolution under extreme space environments. The present work has examined the versatility of eight such perovskites as space radiation shielding materials by computing their photon, charged particles and neutron interaction parameters. Photon interaction parameters were calculated for a wide energy range using PAGEX software. The ranges of heavy charged particles (H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si and Fe ions) in these perovskites were estimated using SRIM software in the energy range 1 keV-10 GeV, and that of electrons was computed using ESTAR NIST software in the energy range 0.01 MeV-1 GeV. Further, the macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-sections were also calculated to estimate the neutron shielding efficiencies. The examined shielding parameters of the perovskites varied depending on the radiation type and energy. Among the selected perovskites, Cs2TiI6 and Ba2AgIO6 displayed superior photon attenuation properties. A 3.5 cm thick Ba2AgIO6-based shield could reduce the incident radiation intensity to half its initial value, a thickness even lesser than that of Pb-glass. Besides, CsSnBr3 and La0.8Ca0.2Ni0.5Ti0.5O3 displayed the highest and lowest range values, respectively, for all heavy charged particles. Ba2AgIO6 showed electron stopping power (on par with Kovar) better than that of other examined materials. Interestingly, La0.8Ca0.2Ni0.5Ti0.5O3 demonstrated neutron removal cross-section values greater than that of standard neutron shielding materials - aluminium and polyethylene. On the whole, the present study not only demonstrates the employment prospects of eco-friendly perovskites for shielding space radiations but also suggests future prospects for research in this direction.

Enhancement of nuclear radiation shielding and mechanical properties of YBiBO3 glasses using La2O3

  • Issa, Shams A.M.;Ali, Atif Mossad;Tekin, H.O.;Saddeek, Y.B.;Al-Hajry, Ali;Algarni, Hamed;Susoy, G.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.1297-1303
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    • 2020
  • In this study, nuclear radiation shielding and rigidity parameters of Y (0.1-x)B0.6Bi1.8O3La2x glassy system were investigated in order to determine it's suitability for use as nuclear radiation shielding materials. Therefore, a group of bismuth borate glass samples with La2O3 additive were synthesized using the technique of melt quenching. According to the results, the increase of the La2O3 additive increases the density of the glass samples and the mass attenuation coefficient (μm) values, whereas the half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) values decrease. The effective atomic number (Zeff) is also enhanced with an increment of both mass removal cross section for neutron (ΣR) and absorption neutron scattering cross section (σabs). In addition to the other parameters, rigidity parameter values were theoretically examined. The increase of La2O3 causes some other important magnitudes to increase. These are the average crosslink density, the number of bonds per unit volume, as well as the stretching force constant values of these glass samples. These results are in concordance with the increase of elastic moduli in terms of the Makishima-Mackenzie model. This model showed an increase in the rigidity of the glass samples as a function of La2O3.

Gamma ray exposure buildup factor and shielding features for some binary alloys using MCNP-5 simulation code

  • Rammah, Y.S.;Mahmoud, K.A.;Mohammed, Faras Q.;Sayyed, M.I.;Tashlykov, O.L.;El-Mallawany, R.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.53 no.8
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    • pp.2661-2668
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    • 2021
  • Gamma radiation shielding features for three series of binary alloys identified as (Pb-Sn), (Pb-Zn), and (Zn-Sn) have been investigated. The mass attenuation coefficients (µ/ρ) for the selected alloys were simulated using the MCNP-5 code in the energy range between 0.01 and 15 MeV. Moreover, the (µ/ρ) values were computed using WinXCOM database in the same energy range to validate the simulation results. Results reveal a good agreement between the simulated and computed values. The half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff) and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were evaluated for the selected binary alloys. Results showed that the PS1, PZ1, and ZS2 alloys have the best shielding parameters and better than the commercially standard and available radiation shielding materials. Therefore, the investigated alloys can be used as effective radiation shielding materials against gamma ray with energies between 0.01 and 15 MeV.

Synthesis, physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of Barium-Bismuth Oxide Borate-A novel nanomaterial

  • B.M. Chandrika;Holaly Chandrashekara Shastry Manjunatha;K.N. Sridhar;M.R. Ambika;L. Seenappa;S. Manjunatha;R. Munirathnam;A.J. Clement Lourduraj
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.5
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    • pp.1783-1790
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    • 2023
  • Barium Bismuth Oxide Borate (BBOB) has been synthesized for the first time using solution combustion technique. SEM analysis reveal flower shape of the nanoparticles. The formation of the nanoparticles has been confirmed through XRD & FTIR studies which gives the physical and chemical structure of the novel material. The UV light absorption is observed in the range 200-300 nm. The present study highlights the radiation shielding ability of BBOB for different radiations like X/Gamma rays, Bremsstrauhlung and neutrons. The gamma shielding efficiency is comparable to that of lead in lower energy range and lesser than lead in the higher energy range. The bremsstrauhlung exposure constant is comparably larger for BBOB NPs than that of concrete and steel however it is lesser than that of lead. The beauty of BBOB nanoparticles lies in, high absorption of radiations and low emission of secondary radiations when compared to lead. In addition, the neutron shielding parameters like scattering length, absorption and scattering cross sections of BBOB are found to be much better than lead, steel and concrete. Thus, BBOB nanoparticles are highly efficient in absorbing X/Gamma rays, neutrons and bremsstrauhlung radiations.

Hybrid model-based and deep learning-based metal artifact reduction method in dental cone-beam computed tomography

  • Jin Hur;Yeong-Gil Shin;Ho Lee
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.8
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    • pp.2854-2863
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    • 2023
  • Objective: To present a hybrid approach that incorporates a constrained beam-hardening estimator (CBHE) and deep learning (DL)-based post-refinement for metal artifact reduction in dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Constrained beam-hardening estimator (CBHE) is derived from a polychromatic X-ray attenuation model with respect to X-ray transmission length, which calculates associated parameters numerically. Deep-learning-based post-refinement with an artifact disentanglement network (ADN) is performed to mitigate the remaining dark shading regions around a metal. Artifact disentanglement network (ADN) supports an unsupervised learning approach, in which no paired CBCT images are required. The network consists of an encoder that separates artifacts and content and a decoder for the content. Additionally, ADN with data normalization replaces metal regions with values from bone or soft tissue regions. Finally, the metal regions obtained from the CBHE are blended into reconstructed images. The proposed approach is systematically assessed using a dental phantom with two types of metal objects for qualitative and quantitative comparisons. Results: The proposed hybrid scheme provides improved image quality in areas surrounding the metal while preserving native structures. Conclusion: This study may significantly improve the detection of areas of interest in many dentomaxillofacial applications.

Physical characterization and radiation shielding features of B2O3-As2O3 glass ceramic

  • Mohamed Y. Hanfi;Ahmed K. Sakr;A.M. Ismail;Bahig M. Atia;Mohammed S. Alqahtani;K.A. Mahmoud
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.278-284
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    • 2023
  • The synthetic B2O3-As2O3 glass ceramic are prepared to investigate the physical properties and the radiation shielding capabilities with the variation of concentration of the As2O3 with 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively. XRD analyses are performed on the fabricated glass-ceramic and depicted the improvement of crystallinity by adding As2O3. The radiation shielding properties are studied for the B2O3-As2O3 glass ceramic. The values of linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) are varied with the variation of incident photon gamma energy (23.1-103 keV). The LAC values enhanced from 12.19 cm-1-37.75 cm-1 by raising the As2O3 concentration from 10 to 40 mol% at low gamma energy (23.1 keV) for BAs10 and BAs40, respectively. Among the shielding parameters, the half-value layer, transmission factor, and radiation protection efficiency are estimated. Furthermore, the fabricated samples of glass ceramic have low manufacturing costs and good shielding features compared to the previous work. It can be concluded the B2O3-As2O3 glass ceramic is appropriate to apply in X-ray or low-energy gamma-ray shielding applications.