• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.255-261
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• 2002

Strong and coherent radar backscattering signals are observed over oyster sea farms that consist of artificial structures installed on the bottom. We successfully obtained 21 coherent interferograms from 11 JERS-1 SAR data sets even though orbital baselines (up to 2 km) or temporal baselines (up to 1 year) were relatively large. The coherent phases preserved in the sea farms are probably formed by double bouncing from sea surface and the sea farming structures, and consequently they are correlated with tide height (or instantaneous sea level). Phase unwrapping is required to restore the absolute sea level. We show that radar backscattering intensity is roughly correlated with the sea surface height, and utilize the fact to determine the wrapping counts. While the SAR image intensity gives a rough range of absolute sea level, the interferometric phases provide the detailed relative height variations within a limit of $2{\pi}$ (or 15.3 cm) with respect to the sea level at the moment of the master data acquisition. A combined estimation results in an instantaneous sea level. The radar measurements were verified using tide gauge records, and the results yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.96 with an r.m.s. error of 6.0 cm. The results demonstrate that radar interferometry is a promising approach to sea level measurement in the near coastal regions.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 2023

To maintain the existing systems of ships and introduce autonomous operation technology, it is necessary to improve situational awareness through the sensor fusion of the automatic identification system (AIS) and automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA), which are installed sensors. This study proposes an algorithm for determining whether AIS and ARPA signals are sent to the same ship in real time. To minimize the number of errors caused by the time series and abnormal phenomena of heterogeneous signals, a tracking method based on the combination of the unscented Kalman filter and probabilistic data association filter is performed on ARPA radar signals, and a position prediction method is applied to AIS signals. Especially, the proposed algorithm determines whether the signal is for the same vessel by comparing motion-related components among data of heterogeneous signals to which the corresponding method is applied. Finally, a measurement test is conducted on a training ship. In this process, the proposed algorithm is validated using the AIS and ARPA signal data received by the voyage data recorder for the same ship. In addition, the proposed algorithm is verified by comparing the test results with those obtained from raw data. Therefore, it is recommended to use a sensor fusion algorithm that considers the characteristics of sensors to improve the situational awareness accuracy of existing ship systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.321-322
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• 2022

In this study, the marine environment is measured and analyzed in real time through the X-band radar installed on the rooftop of the Sokcho Beach administrative Welfare Center and Ulleungdo. Afterwards, the goal is to transmit the analysis results to the client PC. Using electronic maps and electronic navigational charts, the measurement results are overlaid on GIS (spatial information system), real-time data are shared through a website, and information is displayed through a web server. Currently, CCTV information and marine environment information are displayed on the website, but various application studies such as the use of Open AP I will be conducted in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.158-161
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• 2012

Raman Laser Radar system for the measurements of aerosol and water vapor concentration is developed. As a transmitting system, Nd:YAG laser with 3rd harmonic Generator and beam expander are used. The wavelength of transmitting laser is 355 nm. The receiving system is consists of 500 mm telescope, 3-channel Raman spectrometer, PMT, and signal processing module. The wavelengths of received signals are 355 nm. 387 nm, and 408 nm 이다. The measurable altitude of this system is about 3~4 km with spatial resolution of 100~200 m.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.187-196
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• 2009

Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) satellite system for broad-area imaging has RF systems including SAR radiating a high power, data link system transmitting the acquired image data from the SAR, TC&R(Telemetry, Command, and Ranging) to communicate with a ground segment to control a satellite. Each system transmits RF signal having various frequencies and radiates a high power, RS(Radiated Susceptibility) specification should be verified at an electronic unit mounted in satellite. RF interference can be happened because of non-linearity of a RF system. Therefore, we manufactured a structure model installed antennas which have a similar pattern with a real antenna, the effect by RF interference is analyzed and verified.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.23-33
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• 2006

Generally wave buoy and visual observation are used to measure sea waves. But the wave buoy cannot be applicable for the ship moving in deep sea. So the visual observation has been used for it. But it has several defects and limitation related to environmental condition and observer. To overcome this problem, various wave measurement systems have been suggested. Recently, the wave measurement systems using nautical X-band radar have been developed and extended its application area. In this report, we introduce the wave measurement system, WaveFinder, developed by authors. The system was calibrated and verified with the measurement results of wave buoy. The system was adopted to measure wave condition during sea trials. The system will be a device to support safe navigation in ship's voyage.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.324-327
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• 2008

Microwave remote sensing has great potential, especially in monsoon Asia, since optical observations are often hampered by cloudy conditions. The radar backscattering characteristics of rice crop were investigated with a ground-based automatic scatterometer system. The system was installed inside a shelter in an experimental paddy field at the National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (NIAST) before transplanting. The rice cultivar was a kind of Japonica type, called Chuchung. The scatterometer system consists of X-band antennas, HP8720D vector network analyzer, RF cables, and a personal computer that controls frequency, polarization and data storage. This system automatically measures fully-polarimatric backscattering coefficients of rice crop every 10 minutes, accompanied by a digital camera that takes pictures in a fixed position with the same interval. The backscattering coefficients were calculated by applying a radar equation. Plant variables, such as leaf area index (LAI), biomass, plant height and weather conditions were measured periodically throughout the rice growth season. We have performed polarimetric decomposition of paddy data such as single, double and volume scattering to extract the scattering information effectively. We investigated the relationships between backscattering coefficients and the plant variables.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 2013

This paper presents the improvement of tracking performance using fuzzy inference system based task prioritizations for multi-function radars. The presented technique calculates elemental priorities using track information of a target and obtain the total priority from fuzzy inference system of each fuzzy set's membership function. In this paper, we proposed the task prioritization algorithms based on fuzzy inference system, and evaluated the tracking performance on multi-function radar scenario using it. As a result, we confirmed that excellent performance could be achieved when using the proposed algorithm.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2012

A software system for a complex object scattering analysis, named SYSCOS, has been developed for a systematic radar cross section (RCS) analysis and reduction design. The system is based on the high frequency analysis methods of physical optics, geometrical optics, and physical theory of diffraction, which are suitable for RCS analysis of electromagnetically large and complex targets as like naval ships. In addition, a direct scattering center analysis function has been included, which gives relatively simple and intuitive way to discriminate problem areas in design stage when comparing with conventional image-based approaches. In this paper, the theoretical background and the organization of the SYSCOS system are presented. To verify its accuracy and to demonstrate its applicability, numerical analyses for a square plate, a sphere and a cylinder, a weapon system and a virtual naval ship have been carried out, of which results have been compared with analytic solutions and those obtained by the other existing software.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.479-484
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• 1999

Rice crop has relatively short growing season during the summer in Korea and, therefore, it is often difficult to acquire cloud-free imagery on time. This study was attempt to define the temporal characteristics of radar backscattering observed from satellite L-band SAR data on different growing stages of rice crop. Six scenes of multi-temporal JERS SAR data were obtained from the transplanting season to the harvesting month of October. Six layers of multi-temporal SAR data were registered on a common geographic coordinate system. Using topographic maps, field collected data, and Landsat TM data, several sample rice fields were delineated from the imagery and their relative radar backscatters were calculated by using a set of reference targets. The temporal pattern of radar backscattering was very distinctive by the growing stage of rice crop. It was also separable between two types of rice fields having different cultivation practices. Considering the temporal characteristics of radar backscattering observed from the study, it is obvious that a certain date of the growing season can be more effective to delineate the exact area of the cultivated rice crop field.