• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2020

Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2-4 years were collected from 13 different cultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg₃, Rc, Rg₁, Rf, Rb₂, Rb₁, Re, and Rd) was determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivation region and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contents of ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg₁, Rg₃, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb₁ peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained from Changbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng from Jilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of the same age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb₁ and Rg₁ contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginseng samples aged 2-4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenoside content, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to choose ginseng products according to their needs.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.702-710
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• 2011

국내 유통되는 견과류 및 그 가공품, 건조과실류 총 225건을 대상으로 면역친화성칼럼으로 정제한 후 RRLC-MS/MS을 이용하여 아플라톡신에 대한 오염도를 조사하였다. 보다 효율적인 아플라톡신 분석을 위해 RRLC-MS/MS를 이용하여 직선성, 정확성, 정밀성, 검출한계 및 정량한계로 분석법의 유효성 검증을 하였다. 상관계수($R^2$)는 0.9999 이상의 우수한 직선성을 보였고, 아플라톡신의 회수율은 71.1-97.2%였고, RSD는 0.25-4.50%로 우수한 재현성을 나타냈다. 검출한계는 $0.02-0.05{\mu}g/kg$였고, 정량한계는 $0.05-0.10{\mu}g/kg$였다. 확립된 분석법에 의해 분석한 결과 그 오염 수준은 $B_1$은 $0.10-9.94{\mu}g/kg$, $B_2$는 $0.08-1.54{\mu}g/kg$, $G_1$은 $0.04-3.21{\mu}g/kg$,$G_2$는 $0.06-0.14{\mu}g/kg$였다. 본 연구결과에서 나타난 오염수준은 국내규격 기준 이하였으나, 곰팡이독소의 생성 특이성을 고려한다면 다양한 식품 유형에 대한 지속적인 아플라톡신 함량조사와 함께 다른 곰팡이독소에 대한 연구도 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2017

In this study, white ginseng was used as the raw material, which was fermented with Paecilomyces hepiali through solid culture medium, to produce ginsenosides with modified chemical composition. The characteristic chemical markers of the products thus produced were investigated using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-QTOF-MS). Chemical profiling data were obtained, which were then subjected to multivariate statistical analysis for the systematic comparison of active ingredients in white ginseng and fermented ginseng to understand the beneficial properties of ginsenoside metabolites. In addition, the effects of these components on biological activity were investigated to understand the improvements in the phagocytic function of macrophages in zebrafish. According to the established RRLC-QTOF-MS chemical profiling, the contents in ginsenosides of high molecular weight, especially malonylated protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, were slightly reduced due to the fermentation, which were hydrolyzed into rare and minor ginsenosides. Moreover, the facilitation of macrophage phagocytic function in zebrafish following treatment with different ginseng extracts confirmed that the fermented ginseng is superior to white ginseng. Our results prove that there is a profound change in chemical constituents of ginsenosides during the fermentation process, which has a significant effect on the biological activity of these compounds.