• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.745-756
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate representativeness of fuel-based emission factors. Twelve light-duty diesel vehicles which meet Euro-3 to 5 legislative emission limits were selected for emission tests. Second-by-second modal emission rates of vehicles were measured on a standard laboratory chassis dynamometer system. An off-cycle driving cycle was developed as a representative Korean real-world on-road driving cycle. Fuel-based emission factors were developed for short trip segments that involved in the selected driving cycle. Each segment was defined to have unit travel distance, which is 1 km, and characterized by its average speed and Relative Positive Acceleration (RPA). Fuel-based $NO_x$ emission factors demonstrate relatively good representativeness in terms of vehicle operation conditions. $NO_x$ emission factors are estimated to be within ${\pm}20%$ of area-wide emission factor under more than 40% of total driving situations. This result implies that the fuel-based $NO_x$ emission factor could be practically implemented into the on-road emission management strategies, such as a remote sensing device (RSD). High emitting vehicles as well as high emitting operating conditions heavily affect on the mean values and distributions of CO and THC emission factors. Few high emitting conditions are pulling up the mean value and biasing the distributions, which weaken representativeness of fuel-based CO and THC emission factors.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Currently, the domestic UAS technology is lagging behind the leading countries in terms of both advanced technology and industrial competitiveness, but it cannot avoid the global efforts of integrating UAS into existing manned aviation system and applying them to industries. UAS is a relatively new system to existing aviation world, but ICAO is making a great effort to help Contracting States and the aviation industries to better understand and promote UAV systems. In particular, the UAS is classified as RPAS and other UAS, leading to the standardization work for integrating the RPAS into the manned aviation in the near future. For this purpose, ICAO has been promoting the standardization for the global operation of the RPAS, and in this study, it has been carrying out the study on the strategy to establish the domestic RPAS certification system including the ICAO standardization activities. This paper analyzes the domestic and international regulatory frameworks for RPAS and presents a strategy for building the domestic RPAS certification system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.256-264
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• 1989

Modified Blalock-Taussig operation remains the standard technique of systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt in patients of congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. We reviewed the 41 patients who had been performed modified Blalock-Taussig operation from March 1985 to Feb. 1988, and angiographically measured pulmonary artery size before and after shunt, and calculated pulmonary artery index [PAI] and ratio of left and right pulmonary artery to descending aorta[[LPA+RPA]/dAo]. The mean duration of palliation after shunt operation was 624 days and mean age of the patient at shunt operation was 3.59 years. Mean PAI increased significantly from 131.15*67.11 mm2/M2 preoperatively to 232.70*84.46 mm2/M2 postoperatively. Mean ratio of right and left pulmonary artery to descending aorta also increased significantly from 1.48*0.40 preoperatively to 1.92*0.50 postoperatively. All patients manifested clinical improvement; there was mean decrease in hematocrit of 8.95%, mean increase in arterial oxygen saturation of 11.08%. Pulmonary arterial growth was not influenced by age at operation, initial pulmonary artery size, or graft size, but significantly influenced by antegrade flow. The patients who have some antegrade flow were in more increase of PAI. There were no linear correlation between change of PAI, change of [[LPA+RPA]/dAo], SaO2, and duration. But, according to Scatterplot between change of PAI and duration, some complex correlation was suggested and mean PAI was decreased after 2-year palliation. We concluded that modified Blalock-Taussig operation is excellent palliative surgery for pulmonary artery growth especially on the patient who have some antegrade flow, and the proper duration of palliation was about 2 years.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2021

In addition to the 4th Industrial Revolution and Industry 4.0, the recent megatrends in the ICT field are Big-data, IoT, Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence. Therefore, rapid digital transformation according to the convergence of various industrial areas and ICT fields is an ongoing trend that is due to the development of technology of AI services suitable for the era of the 4th industrial revolution and the development of subdivided technologies such as (Business Intelligence), IA (Intelligent Analytics, BI + AI), AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things), AIOPS (Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations), and RPA 2.0 (Robotic Process Automation + AI). This study aims to integrate and advance various machine learning services of infrastructure-side GPU, CDA (Connected Data Architecture) framework, and AI based on mass distributed Abyss storage in accordance with these technical situations. Also, we want to utilize AI business revenue model in various industries.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2021

After starting the war on terrorism, the U.S. military began to utilize the strength of its women's workforce by operating a cultural support team (CST) and a women's close combat team (FET) that obtained the information needed for civil operations with emphasis on civil factors. In addition, in order to subdue resistance forces that carry out surprise attacks by covering the shielded terrain of the rugged land or among residents, female personnel with excellent understanding, calmness, and detail were operated as unmanned aircraft operators (RPA). Since the situations that the U.S. has already experienced are likely to be reproduced on the Korean Peninsula, the South Korean military will be able to overcome uncertainties in the future battlefield environment by utilizing the U.S. female workforce.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.24.1-24.11
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• 2020

The pandemic of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in Asia has caused enormous economic loss in poultry industry and human health threat, especially clade 2.3.4.4 H5 and H7 subtypes in recent years. The endemic chicken H6 virus in Taiwan has also brought about human and dog infections. Since wild waterfowls is the major AIV reservoir, it is important to monitor the diversified subtypes in wildfowl flocks in early stage to prevent viral reassortment and transmission. To develop a more efficient and sensitive approach is a key issue in epidemic control. In this study, we integrate multiplex reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for high-throughput detection and differentiation of AIVs in wild waterfowls in Taiwan. Four viral genes were detected simultaneously, including nucleoprotein (NP) gene of all AIVs, hemagglutinin (HA) gene of clade 2.3.4.4 H5, H6 and H7 subtypes. The detection limit of the developed detection system could achieve as low as one copy number for each of the four viral gene targets. Sixty wild waterfowl field samples were tested and all of the four gene signals were unambiguously identified within 6 h, including the initial sample processing and the final CE data analysis. The results indicated that multiplex RT-RPA combined with CE was an excellent alternative for instant simultaneous AIV detection and subtype differentiation. The high efficiency and sensitivity of the proposed method could greatly assist in wild bird monitoring and epidemic control of poultry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.609-612
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• 2021

Government agencies and companies are establishing and promoting digital transformation strategies in various industrial fields, and are leading the era of the 4th industrial revolution through successful technological innovation. In this time of change, we can see many stories of global companies Nike and Starbucks as successful examples of digital transformation. These two companies are showing successful results through digital transformation. Domestic companies are also conducting digital innovation based on mobile, cloud, IoT, artificial intelligence, and AR/VR technologies, and are establishing RPA (Robotic Process Automation) processes for high efficiency and high productivity. In this paper, we introduce the 3D digital twin space construction automation process technique using data from the entire construction cycle of design, construction, and maintenance of the construction industry, and look into the digital transformation strategy of the construction industry in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.356-360
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• 2006

Recently, many power analysis attacks have been proposed. Since the attacks are powerful, it is very important to implement cryptosystems securely against the attacks. We propose countermeasures against power analysis attacks for elliptic curve cryptosystems based on Koblitz curves (KCs), which are a special class of elliptic curves. That is, we make our countermeasures be secure against SPA, DPA, and new DPA attacks, specially RPA, ZPA, using a random point at each execution of elliptic curve scalar multiplication. And since our countermeasures are designed to use the Frobenius map of KC, those are very fast.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.416-422
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• 1987

Anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is a rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly which usually involves the right pulmonary artery. For operative reconstruction, the surgical technique of choice used to be a direct end-to-side anastomosis of the ectopic pulmonary artery to the main pulmonary artery. A case of right pulmonary artery arising from the ascending aorta associated with a contralateral patent ductus arteriosus is presented, with description of a new modified surgical technique. The operation was done on cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermia. After closure of PDA, a side-to-side anastomosis between the RPA and MPA, roofed with Gore-Tex patch, was established. The postoperative course was excellent, and the postoperative angiography revealed complete anatomic correction.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.617-634
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• 2007

Algeria is a country with a high seismic activity. During the last decade, many destructive earthquakes occurred, particularly in the northern part, causing enormous losses in human lives, buildings and equipments. In order to reduce this risk in the capital and avoid serious damages to the strategic existing buildings, the government decided to invest into seismic upgrade, strengthening and retrofitting of these buildings. In doing so, seismic vulnerability study of this category of buildings has been considered. Structural analysis is performed on the basis of site investigation (inspection of the building, collecting data, materials, general conditions of the building, etc), and existing drawings (architectural plans, structural design, etc). The aim of these seismic vulnerability studies is to develop guidelines and a methodology for rehabilitation of existing buildings. This paper will provide insight to the vulnerability assessment and strengthening of the telecommunication centre, according to the new code RPA 99/version 2003. Both, static equivalent method and non linear dynamic analysis are performed in this study.