• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.200-207
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• 2016

In the present study, antioxidant activity of crude extract and its solvent-partitioned subfractions (n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water) obtained from Atriplex gmelinii was investigated using several different antioxidant assays. The tested samples possessed different antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities in different assays. n-butanol fraction showed the most potent radical-scavenging activity on reducing power while 85% aqueous methanol fraction exhibited the highest radical-scavenging activity on DPPH radicals and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the otherhand, n-BuOH and 85% aqueous methanol revealed the similar inhibitory effect on peroxynitrite-scavenging and genomic DNA oxidation. These results suggest that the Atriplex gmelinii can be used as the valuable source for developing a natural antioxidant.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

Recently new soybean saponins with D DMP (2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,- dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one) moiety have been isolated from legumes. The purpose of this study is to characterize ROS scavenging activities of DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g, $\beta$g saponin) isolated from Glycine max (L.) Merrill. The scavenging activity on OH was examined in terms of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver homogenates and the same activity on $O_2$ was also determined in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Up to 0.25 mg DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g and $\beta$g saponins) did not cause any significant effects on the prevention of lipid peroxidation as compared with the control group. In terms of superoxide scavenging activities, 0.25 and 0.5 mg $\alpha$g saponin inhibits only 2.6% and 5.5% (p<0.05) of the control group, respectively. However, $\alpha$g saponin dose-dependently (p<0.01, r=0.955) inhibits the formation of superoxide radical unto 21.3% of the control group with a maximal dose of 0.5 mg (p<0.01), equivalent to 0.17 units of superoxide dismutase activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.809-815
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• 2003

Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydroxyl radicals ($^-OH$) play an important role in the pathogenesis of many human degenerative diseases, much attention has focused on the development of safe and effective antioxidants. Preliminary experiments have revealed that the methanol (MeOH) extract of the stem of Prunus davidiana exerts inhibitory/scavenging activities on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, total ROS and peroxynitrites ($ONOO^-$). In the present study, the antioxidant activities of this MeOH extract and the organic solvent-soluble fractions, dichloromethane (CH$_2$Cl$_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol (n-BuOH), and the water layer of P. davidiana stem were evaluated for the potential to inhibit $^-OH$ and total ROS generation in kidney homogenates using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA), and for the potential to scavenge authentic $ONOO^-$. We also evaluated the inhibitory activity of seven flavonoids isolated from P. davidiana stem, kaempferol, kaempferol 7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside, (+)-catechin, dihydrokaempferol, hesperetin 5-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside, naringenin and its 7-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucoside, on the total ROS, $^-OH$ and $ONOO^-$ systems. For the further elucidation of the structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids on total ROS and 'OH generation, we measured the antioxidant activity of sixteen flavonoids available, including three active flavonoids isolated from P. davidiana, on the total ROS and 'OH systems. We found that the inhibitory activity on total ROS generation increases in strength with more numerous hydroxyl groups on their structures. Also, the presence of an ortho-hydroxyl group, whether on the Aring or S-ring, and a 3-hydroxyl group on the C-ring increased the inhibitory activity on both total ROS and $^-OH$ generation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2007

We studied changes in the biochemical and physiological status and ROS-scavenging enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) activity in leaves and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants exposed to high salinity. Under salt stress, the reduction in RWC (relative water content) in leaves was relatively severe in comparison with that of roots. The proline content was also significantly higher in leaves of rice plants following salt treatment. The activities of CAT and POX in roots increased with increasing NaCl concentration, but the activity of SOD decreased. These results suggest that the increase of endogenous proline is closely associated with the increase of CAT and POX activities, which may play important roles in salt tolerance. Therefore, we conclude that the alleviation of oxidative damage and increased resistance to salinity may result from the presence of efficient antioxidative systems.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.270-274
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• 2007

Two acetylmartynosides, 2"-acetylmartynoside and 3"-acetylmartynoside were isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction of Clerodendron trichotomum (Verbenaceae) by open column chromatography and MPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by the direct comparison of spectral data reported in the literature, and their antioxidant properties were evaluated. Both compounds showed antioxidant activity based on evaluations of intracellular ROS and DPPH radical scavenging activities.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.559-567
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• 2010

In this study, the antioxidative effect, cellular protective effect and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($11.48\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed more excellent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, DPPH) scavenging activity (FSC50) than those of leaf and stem extracts ($17.45\;{\mu}g$/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity (OSC50) of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/H2O2 system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($0.56\;{\mu}g$/mL) showed 3 times more excellent ROS scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid ($1.50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The protective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions of extracts from different parts of Cosmos bipinnatus on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethyl acetate fractions of leaf and stem extract and flower extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner ($10\sim50\;{\mu}g$/mL). The inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract ($62.75\;{\mu}g$/mL) on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate fraction of Cosmos bipinnatus flower extract showed 3.5 times higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect than arbutin ($226.88\;{\mu}g$/mL) known as an effective whitening agent. These results indicate that fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. Fractions of Cosmos bipinnatus extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for antioxidant and whitening.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1545-1555
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• 2020

In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of Aucklandia lappa Decne (AL). Cell viability was measured in an MTT assay. Antioxidant effects were evaluated based on total polyphenol/flavonoid contents, ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD activity, and ROS content. AL was found not to be toxic at concentrations of 1 ㎍/mL, 10 ㎍/mL, and 100 ㎍/mL, respectively. The phenolic content was higher in AL-D than in AL-E, while the flavonoid content was higher in AL-E than in AL-D. AL-E exhibited higher ABTS radical scavenging activity than AL-D, and the EC50 values for BHA were 217.1 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 180.5 ㎍/mL in AL-E. AL-E also showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. EC50 values for BHA were 114.2 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 95.8 ㎍/mL in AL-E. The SOD-like activity of AL-E was higher than that of AL-D. The EC50 values for ascorbic acid were 48.5 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 72.9 ㎍/mL in AL-E, indicating that both AL extracts have a SOD activity higher than that of ascorbic acid. AL-E reduced relatively more ROS than AL-D. With 100 ㎍/mL AL-E, the reduction level was almost similar to that of dexamethasone. Our results demonstrate that AL have antioxidant effects, and we believe that they could be very valuable as raw materials for anti-aging products, based on their antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Objectives: Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical, ROS such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO) increases with age. Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have conducted to investigate the pharmacological effects of red ginseng for the development possibility to pharmacopuncture drug sources or healthy aid foods. Methods: For our aims, it was investigated the biological activities of Red Ginseng ethanol extracts (RGEE) by measuring total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity and cell viability of MCF 10A and SK-MEL-2 in vitro with MTT assay method. Results: The total polyphenol contents of RGEE was 3.06${\pm}$0.11mg/g in 10mg/ml, the total flavonoid contents of RGEE was 1.35${\pm}$0.01mg/g in same concentration. The ABTS radical scavenging activity was about 80% and that of DPPH activity was 65% in 50mg/ml of RGEE. The cell viability of SKMEL-2, skin cancer cell line was decreased and that of MCF 10A, skin normal cell line was increased. Conclusions: We conclude that RGEE may be useful as potential functional foods or pharmacopuncture drug sources on the diseases induced by oxidant stress.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

In the present study, the halophyte C. falcatum extract and its solvent fractions (n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol, n-butanol, and water) were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidative ability was measured by DPPH radical, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). For DPPH radical and peroxynitrite scavenging, DNA oxidation inhibition, and FRAP, 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fractions showed significant scavenging activity. For production of intracellular ROS in HT-1080 cells, 85% aq.MeOH fraction showed the highest scavenging activity. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed by measuring the inhibitory effect against mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2) in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages. For NO production, crude extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect at a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml. For mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2), n-BuOH greatly suppressed expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 at 100 ㎍/ml concentration while 85% aq. MeOH fraction significantly inhibited that of COX-2 even at 100 ㎍/ml. These results suggest that C. falcatum may be used as a potential source for the development of a natural antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2023

Ethyl acetate (EA) soluble fraction of the Berberis amurensis (Berberidaceae) methanol extract showed the potent DPPH radical scavenging activity through Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The EA fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, SOD-3 expression was conducted using a transgenic strain (CF1553) to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the EA fraction. As a result, the EA soluble fraction of B. amurensis increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the EA fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.