• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-37
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• 1996

The internal regions of nuclear small subunit rRNA from 6 plaeurotus species and 5 Pleurotus ostreatus strains were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The DNA sequences of 8 Pleurotus strains (P. ostreatus NFFA2, NFFA4501, NFFA4001, KFFA4001, KFCC11635, P florida, P. florida, P. sajor-cuju, P. pulmonarius, and P. spodoleucus) were idential, but P. cornucopiae differed from them in two bases out of 605 bases. However, p[hylogenetic analysis of the sequences by DNA-distance matrix and UPGMA methods showed that P. ostreatus NFFA2m1 and NFFA2m2, known as mutants of P. ostreatus NFFA2, belonged to anther group of Basidiomycotina, which is close to the genus Auricularia. The difference of the SSU rDNA sequences of P. cornucopiae from other Pleurotus species tested corresponds to the difference of mitochondrial plasmid type present in Pleurotus species as observed by Kim et al. (1993, Korean J. Microbiol. 31, 141-147).ishement of silencing at the HMR/hsp82 locus can occur in G1-arrested cells. Cell cycle arrest at G1 phase was achieved by treatment of early log a cell cultures with .alpha.-factor mating pheromone, which induces G1 arrest. The result suggests that passage through S phase (and therefore DNA replication) is nor required for re-establishing silencer-mediated repression at the HMNRa/HSP82 locus. Finally, to test whether de nono protein synthesis is required for re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression, cells were pretreated with cycloheximide (500 /.mu.g/ml) 120 min. It was apparent that inhibiting protein synthesis delays, but does not prevent, re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression. Altogether, these results indicate that re-establishment of silencer-mediated repression is not dependent on the DNA replication and has no requirement for protein synthesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Objective : The object of this study was to assess the efficacy of hydrolysate from Phellinus igniarius(HPI) on anti-aging activities in vitro measurement and mini clinical study performed on 5 subjects. Methods : To evaluate skin anti-aging efficacy of HPI, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity, type I collagen synthesis, inhibition of nitric oxide(NO) production, inhibiton of tyrosinase, hyaluronan synthase(HAS)2, 3 mRNA expression were measured in vitro. Also, mini clinical study of skin hydration was performed on 5 subjects using HPI in distilled water(DW) and 1,3-butylene glycol diluted solution(30% in DW). Results : 1. DPPH radical scavenging activity of HPI was increased in a dose-dependant. 2. Type I collagen synthesis was increased in 50, 100 and 500㎍/㎖ of HPI. 3. NO production was not inhibited in all concentrations of HPI. 4. Tyrosinase was inhibited in 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000㎍/㎖ of HPI. 5. HAS2 mRNA expression was increased in 50, 100, 150 and 200㎍/㎖ of HPI, HAS3 mRNA expression was increased in 100, 150, and 200㎍/㎖ of HPI. 6. In the mini clinical study of 5 subjects, there was a difference in skin hydration over time for each solutions, but it was not statistically siginificant. Conclusions : HPI increased DPPH radical scavenging activity, type I collagen synthesis, and HAS2, HAS3 mRNA expression. HPI also suppressed tyrosinase. The findings of this study suggest that HPI can be used as an skin anti-aging material.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 1998

We previously found that a potent gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, buserelin, decreases GnRH promoter activity together with GnRH mRNA level, providing evidence for an autoregulatory mechanism operating at the level of GnRH gene transcription in immortalized GT1-1 neuronal cells. To examine whether agonist-induced decrease in GnRH mRNA level requires the continuous presence of buserelin, we performed a pulse-chase experiment of buserelin treatment. Short-term exposure (15 min) of GT1-1 neuronal cells to buserelin ($10{\mu}M$) was able to decrease GnRH mRNA levels when determined 24 h later. When GT1-1 cells were treated with buserelin ( $10{\mu}M$) for 30 min and then incubated for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after buserelin removal, a significant decrease in GnRH mRNA levels was observed after the 12 h incubation period. These data indicate that inhibitory signaling upon buserelin treatment may occur rapidly, but requires a long time (at least 12 h) to significantly decrease the GnRH mRNA level. To examine the possible involvement of de novo synthesis and/or mRNA stability in buserelin-induced decrease in GnRH gene expression, actinomycin D ($5{\mu}m/ml$), a potent RNA synthesis blocker, was co-treated with buserelin. Actinomycin D alone failed to alter basal GnRH mRNA Revel, but blocked the buserelin-induced decrease in GnRH mRNA level at 12 h of post-treatment. These data suggest that buserelin may exert its inhibitory action by altering the stability of GnRH mRNA. Moreover, a polvsomal RNA separation by sucrose gradient centrifugation demonstrated that buserelin decreased the translational efficiency of the transcribed GnRH mRNA. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that GnRH agonist buserelin acts as an inhibitory signal at multiple levels such as transcription mRNA stability, and translation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 2000

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 1992

The effects of varying doses(1, 4 and 10mg/kg body weight/day) of testosterone propionate (TP) on body weight gain and composition and energy and muscle protein metabolism were investigated in female rats. TP had no effect on food intake at any dose but injection of 1mg/kg resulted in an in crease in body weight gain which was associated with increases in body protein and fat. At higher doses(4 and 10mg/kg) body protein content was still increased but body fat was not affected. Increases in energy gain and gross energetic efficiency were observed at a dose of 1mg/kg but neither parameter was affected at other doses. The mass protein and RNA content of gastrocnemius muscle were incerased by TPbut the ratio of RNA to protein and the rate of muscle protein synthesis measured in vivo were not affected at any dose of TP The results indicate that the effect of testosterne on body composition are highly dose-dependent and the anabolic action of testosterone is not through stimulation of protein synthesis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2008

The objectives of this study was to check up the effect of celecoxib, COX-2 inhibitor, on the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. After mefenamic acid, aspirin and celecoxib, COX-2 inhibitor, were inoculated to HN 22 cell line, the following results were obtained through tumor cell viability by wortmannin, growth curve of tumor cell line, apoptotic index, PGE2 synthesis, total RNA extraction, RT-PCR analysis and TEM features. 1. When wortmannin and celecoxib were given together, the survival rate of tumor cells was lowest about 47 %. So wortmannin had an effect on the decrease of survival rate of tumor cells. 2. In growth curve, the slowest growth was observed in celecoxib inoculated group. 3. The synthesis of PGE2 was decreased in all group and the obvious suppression and highest apoptotic index was observed in celecoxib inoculated group. 4. Suppression of expression of COX-2 mRNA was evident in celecoxib inoculated group. But that of COX-1,2 mRNA was observed in mefenamic acid inoculated group and aspirin inoculated group. 5. In celecoxib inoculated group, mRNA expression of AKT1 was decreased and that of PTEN & expression of caspase 3 and 9 was evidently increased. Depending on above results, when celecoxib was inoculated to oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, an increase of mRNA expression of caspase 3,9 and PTEN is related to a decrease of mRNA expression of AKT1. Wortmannin had an effect on the decrease of survival rate of tumor cells. Celecoxib might induce apoptosis of tumor cell by suppression of AKT1 pathway and COX-2 inhibition. This results suggested that COX-2 inhibitor might be significantly effective in chemoprevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.414-421
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• 2014

This study was conducted to determine the effects of saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) on cell proliferation and triacylglycerol (TAG) content, as well as mRNA expression of ${\alpha}s1$-casein (CSN1S1) and genes associated with lipid and protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Primary cells were isolated from the mammary glands of Holstein dairy cows, and were passaged twice. Then cells were cultured with different levels of palmitate or stearate (0, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 ${\mu}M$) for 48 h and fetal bovine serum in the culture solution was replaced with fatty acid-free BSA (1 g/L). The results showed that cell proliferation tended to be increased quadratically with increasing addition of stearate. Treatments with palmitate or stearate induced an increase in TAG contents at 0 to 600 ${\mu}M$ in a concentration-dependent manner, and the addition of 600 ${\mu}M$ was less effective in improving TAG accumulation. The expression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase and fatty acid-binding protein 3 was inhibited when palmitate or stearate were added in culture medium, whereas cluster of differentiation 36 and CSN1S1 mRNA abundance was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, mammalian target of rapamycin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 with palmitate or stearate had no significant differences relative to the control. These results implied that certain concentrations of saturated LCFA could stimulate cell proliferation and the accumulation of TAG, whereas a reduction may occur with the addition of an overdose of saturated LCFA. Saturated LCFA could up-regulate CSN1S1 mRNA abundance, but further studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanism for regulating milk fat and protein synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1997

This study was to elucidate the relation between the periodical requirement of growth factors(Yang et al., 1993) and the synthesis of RNA and protein during the germination of Streptomycn coefic%r A3(2) in mineral liquid medium(ISP-4) without addition of growth factors. As results, The germination time was about 10 hr, and meanwhile, periodical nutritional requirement was verified to be repeated with interval of 2 hr. Spore size was enlarged with time but its number was rather decreased. Spore could be deviJed into viable, dormant, and dead state. In such a germination process it was found that RNA and protein were being synthesized periodically when spores were stained with AO and INT methods and observed under the fluorescence microscope. Those syntheses were coincided with the period of nutritional requirement. Hence, it was discllssed that spore population in early germination would need amino acids related to protein synthesis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.587-597
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• 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of target mRNAs in plants and animals. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs and their putative targets in Hibiscus syriacus, the national flower of South Korea. We employed high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs obtained from four different tissues (i.e., leaf, root, flower, and ovary) and identified 33 conserved and 30 novel miRNA families, many of which showed differential tissuespecific expressions. In addition, we computationally predicted novel targets of miRNAs and validated some of them using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis. One of the validated novel targets of miR477 was a terpene synthase, the primary gene involved in the formation of disease-resistant terpene metabolites such as sterols and phytoalexins. In addition, a predicted target of conserved miRNAs, miR396, is SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, which is involved in flower initiation and is duplicated in H. syriacus. Collectively, this study provides the first reliable draft of the H. syriacus miRNA transcriptome that should constitute a basis for understanding the biological roles of miRNAs in H. syriacus.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 1977

Using barley seeds (Hordeum sativum Jess, var.), the influences of gibberellic acid (GA) and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) on the amylase synthesis and that of the nucleic acid metabolism were investigated. 1. With the deembrynized barley seeds, the increase of amylase treated with a $10^{-5}M$ of GA and the decrease of amylase treated with $10^{-5}M$IAA were matched by a proportionate increase and decrease in the amount of RNA. The influence of the hormones on the RNA synthesis has appeared immediately after the treatment but on the amylase synthesis it has appeared 8 hours later. But no influence on the DNA synthesis was observed on both hormones. 2. The amylase from deembryonized barley seeds treated with GA and IAA have been fractionated by gel filteration on Sephadex G-100. The amylase components showed four fractions on both enzymes treated with GA and IAA. Fraction I(FI) was differed from fraction Ⅵ(FIV) in Km value and the effects of temperature, pH and metal ions. On the basis of their emzymatic properties, it was considered that the FI was $\beta$-amylase and FIV was $\alpha$-amylase. The influences of GA and IAA on each fractions appeared to be similar but on the amylase units per souble protein, IAA inhibited the production of amylase FIV while it promoted that of amylase FI. 3. An experiment was conducted to determine whether IAA inhibits GA-promoted amylase synthesis competitively or non-competitively. Using a Lineweaver-Burk plot, it was clear that IAA was acting in a non-competitive fashion. From this, IAA was probably not competing with GA at the same site, but it was acting at some other site which resutled in partial blocking of the action of GA on the amylase synthesis.