• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.313-314
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• 2012

In this paper presents study of T-Type multi level inverter for utility interactive photo voltaic inverter. In order to increase efficiency and performance of utility interactive photo voltaic (UIPV) system, we propose multi level PCS topology, such as T-type inverter. The control algorithm for utility interactive inverter is implemented by simulation and experimentation, which includes dc-bus and midpoint voltage controller, ac-grid current controller and PLL algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.545-548
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• 2001

3GPP2 방식에서는 Macro Mobility 지원을 위하여 MIP를 이용하며 PDSN은 FA의 기능을 수행한다. PDSN 관리 영역 내의 하나의 RN에서 다른 RN으로 이동시에 지원되는 이동성을 Micro Mobility라 한다. Micro Mobility에서 Seamless한 핸드오프를 위해 RN간에 멀티캐스트 그룹 메커니즘을 이용할 경우, 핸드오프 예상시간에 따라 등급별로 버퍼를 다르게 할당하여 멀티캐스트 하는 방법과 단순 멀티캐스트 하는 방법이 있다. 본 논문은 Micro Mobility를 지원하기 위한 멀티캐스트 그룹 메커니즘 기반의 Seamless 핸드오프 알고리즘에서 등급별로 버퍼를 다르게 할당할 경우와 단순 멀티캐스트 할 경우의 블록킹 확률을 비교 분석한다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2016

Bitter melon powder (BMP) was used in the preparation of rice nuruk (RN) and makgeolli as one of raw materials. RN containing BMP (BMP-RN) was prepared by adding 0~2.0% (w/w) BMP into rice. Fermentative microbial, and antioxidant characteristics of makgeolli were determined during the fermentation process. pH during fermentation decreased from 4.52 (0% BMP-RN), 4.93 (0.5%), 4.80 (1.0%), and 4.88 (2.0%) on the initial fermentation day (day 0) to 4.15, 4.30, 4.57, and 4.59, respectively, corresponding to increases in acidity from 0.64~0.70% to 1.17~1.28%, respectively. Soluble solid contents increased from an initial 2.2~4.4 g/L (day 0) to 9.0~9.3 g/L, and alcohol level increased up to 13.0% by the end of fermentation (day 7). Soluble phenolic contents increased from 0.92, 1.01, 1.32, and 1.41 mg/mL on day 0, to 1.85, 2.03, 2.24, and 2.48 mg/mL on day 7, respectively, while the levels of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay increased from 46.95~70.04%, 55.33~74.13%, and 0.629~1.243 on day 0, respectively, to 54.98~83.4%, 70.34~92.39%, and 0.964~1.455 on day 7, respectively. Makgeolli made with BMP-RN had higher soluble phenolic contents and antioxidant activity than those of makgeolli made without BMP-RN. These results suggested that BNP-RN made a functional makgeolli.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.52
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• pp.6-9
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• 1990

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.739-745
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• 2003

Interleukine-1(IL-1)은 여러 가지 기능을 가진 싸이토카인으로써 미생물에 대한 면역반응을 일으킨다. IL-1의 유전자 다형성과 치주질환과의 관련성에 대한 많은 연구가 있어왔지만, 대부분이 백인을 대상으로 한 연구였다. 이후 중국인과 일본인을 대상으로 한 연구에서 IL-1의 유전자 다형성의 분포가 인종간에 차이를 보인다는 점이 발견되었다. 이번 연구에서는 치주적으로 건강한 한국인에서 IL-1${\beta}$-511, IL-1${\beta}$+3954, IL-1RN에 대한 유전자형의 분포를 조사하고자 하였다. 서울대학교 치과병원에 근무하는 치과의사, 치과위생사, 간호조무사 및 서울대학교 치과대학 4학년 학생 중 치주낭 깊이와 부착소실이 4mm 이하인 치주적으로 건강한 한국인 65명을 대상으로 하였다. IL-1${\beta}$-511, IL-1${\beta}$+3954, IL-1RN의 유전자 다형성은 분리한 DNA에 각 대립유전자에 특이성을 지닌 primer를 넣고 PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)법을 이용하여 증폭시킨후 전기영동법을 이용하여 각 대립유전자의 존재를 확인함으로써 결정하였다. IL-1${\beta}$-511 대립유전자 11, 대립유전자 12, 대립유전자 22의 유전자형에 대하여 각각 23.1%, 49.2%, 26.2%의 분포를 보였다. IL-1${\beta}$+3954의 유전자 다형성은 대립유전자 11, 대립유전자 12의 유전자형에 대하여 각각 89.2%, 10.8%의 분포를 보였으며, 대립유전자 22의 유전자형을 갖는 사람은 한명도 발견되지 않았다. IL-1RN의 유전자형은 5가지의 대립유전자 중에서 1, 대립유전자 2, 대립유전자 4만일 발견되었으며, 대립유전자 11, 대립유전자 12, 대립유전자 14의 유전자형이 86.2%, 12.3%, 1.5%로 분포하였다. 이를 바탕으로 각 대립유전자의 발생빈도 계산한 결과 IL-1${\beta}$-511에서는 대립유전자 1과 2의 비율이 거의 유사하였으나 (47.7%, 52.3%), IL-1${\beta}$+3954, IL-1RN에서는 대립유전자 1이 90%이상 발견되었으며, 또한 대립유전자 1외의 다른 대립유전자가 발견된 경우, 모두 이형접합체였다. 이 연구는 IL-1${\beta}$-511, IL-1${\beta}$+3954, IL-1RN에 대한 유전자형의 분포를 조사한 것으로 한국인에서 이들 유전자의 유전자형의 분포는 백인에서의 분포와 차이를 보이고 있었다. 이후 치주질환자의 유전자형 분포와의 비교로 치주질환과 IL-1${\beta}$-511, IL-1${\beta}$+3954, IL-1RN의 유전자다형성과의 관련성에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5059-5068
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to learn the impact of creative action and locus of control on the self-leadership among RN-BSN students. 135 RN-BSN students participated after being told the research information. The results were as follows: first, mean of locus of control was 1.42, creative action was 3.26, and self-leadership was 3.63. Second, the differences according to general characteristics for the variable of locus of control, workers at hospitals were higher than non workers. For creative action, and self-leadership, those over age 30 and charge nurses rated higher than those below 20 and staff nurses. The last, locus of control and creative action had influence on the self-leadership. The conclusion was that if each nursing organization wants to improve its nurses' self leadership, it must consider nurses' locus of control, and creative action.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.763-770
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• 2012

The purposes of this work were to assess the cognition of the registered nurse(RN) on oral and maxillofacial emergency treatment and to compare cognition of the RN with that of the 119 emergency medical technician(EMT). 450 RNs who were working at each of secondary hospitals in Jeju province had responded to the questionnaire. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used to assess the state of RN on dental emergency treatment and to compare RN with EMT. The question 'education time on dentistry in formal education' that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 73.3% and 20.0%, respectively. The question 'refresher training class on dentistry' that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 92.9% and 6.7%, aggregately 99.6%. The results showed low score in the question 'reduction of temporo-mandibular joint(TMJ)'($1.67{\pm}0.857$), 'fixation of dislocated TMJ'($1.70{\pm}0.853$) and 'post-avulsed tooth treatment'($1.78{\pm}0.774$) by 5-point Likert scale. Likewise, the scores were $2.02{\pm}0.806$ in the question 'treatment of maxillofacial trauma', $2.76{\pm}1.061$ in the question 'emergent care of avulsed tooth', $2.70{\pm}1.095$ in the question 'treatment time of avulsed tooth' and $2.79{\pm}1.056$ in the question 'mouth guard', respectively. Compared to EMT, results of RN showed a statistically lower figure(p<0.05) in all items compared except the question 'medicine control', and the question 'doctor care in emergency room' was borderline(p=0.069). From this study, it is necessary for RN and student of nursing science to be educated on the oral and maxillofacial emergency treatment for the initial management of injuries. Authors suggest further co-study and nation-wide research with nursing care.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 1980

Various radicals may add to isonitriles to give imidoyl radcals RN=CR'. This may be also generated via abstraction of imidoyl hydrogen from imine in the following manner: RN=CR' ＋ R"${\cdot}{\rightarrow}$ RN=CR' ＋ R"-H Imidoyl radicals would be stabilized via two pathways, ${\beta}$-cleavage and atom transfer reactions. ${\beta}$-Cleavage may occur in two directions depending upon structure of the radicals. Cyanide transfer and the "so-called" normal ${\beta}$-cleavage are the two modes of ${\beta}$-cleavage. Addition of t-butoxy radical to t-butyl isocyanide 7 generates an imidoyl radical t-Bu-N=C-O-Bu-t, which undergoes ${\beta}$-cleavage to give t-butyl isocyanate and t-butyl radical. Addition of phenyl radical to 7 forms the intermediate radical t-Bu-N=$C-C_6H_5$, which decomposes to give benzonitrile and t-butyl radical. The t-butyl radical generated from the ${\beta}$-cleavage adds to 7 giving the radical t-Bu-N=C-Bu-t, which cleaves only to pivalonitrile and t-butyl radical, inducing radical chain isomerization. Trimethylsilyl radical adds to 7 to give the intermediate t-Bu-N=$C-Si(CH_3)_3$, which collapses to $(CH_3)_3$SiCN and a t-butyl radical.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.728-735
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• 2012

Makgeolli is the oldest Korean traditional wine made from rice, and contains 6-8% alcohol. Also, nuruk is traditionally prepared by exposing moistened ground wheat or rice to the air, and there contained airborne microorganism. In this study, purple sweet potato (PSP) was used as a raw material in the rice nuruk- and makgeolli-making processes. PSP rice nuruk (RN) was made with rice and 0-10% (w/w) PSP, and the characteristics of makgeolli were studied during fermentation. The pH during fermentation decreased from 4.27 (0% PSP-RN), 4.59 (2.5%), 4.50 (5.0%), 4.46 (7.5%), and 4.43 (10.0%) of initial fermentation day to 4.12, 3.82, 3.67, 3.71, and 3.66, respectively, at day 7. The sugar contents increased from $0.4^{\circ}Bx$ of the initial day to $8.0-8.4^{\circ}Bx$, and the levels of alcohol increased to 13.0% (0% PSP-RN), 13.2% (2.5%), 12.8% (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0%) by day 7, respectively. In addition, the contents of soluble anthocyanins and phenolics increased from 0.001-0.121 and 0.2-0.27 g/L on the initial fermentation day to 0.002-0.166 and 1.65-1.87 g/L, corresponding to increases in levels of antioxidant activities of 20-50%, respectively.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2008

In order to recommend criteria for the administration law on indoor air quality, this study was conducted to examine the distribution and the concentration of indoor air pollutants ($PM_{10},\;CO_2$, CO, HCHO, TBC, $NO_2$, Rn, VOCs, asbestos, $O_3$) in public facilities in the Chung-Nam area. The concentrations of indoor air pollutants were obtained from sixty seven public facilities such as a cinema, an office, a restaurant, a theater and an academy. This study was performed from August to December, 2005. The results of this study showed that the concentrations of indoor air pollutants such as $PM_{10},\;CO_2$, CO, HCHO, TBC, Rn and $O_3$ were less than the recommended limits. However, the average concentration of VOCs was $521.73{\mu}g/m^3$ (GM : $221.69{\mu}g/m^3$), which was higher than the recommended limit of $400{\mu}g/m^3$. Moreover, the average concentration of $NO_2$ was 345.66ppb (GM : 69.95ppb), which was higher than the recommended limit of 50 ppb. The correlation between the concentrations of indoor air pollutants and the type of facilities with respect to $CO_2$, TBC and Rn was statistically low (p<0.05). However, the correlation was high in terms of the CO and $O_3$ concentrations (p<0.01). No relationship between the indoor air pollutants and the type of facilities was observed for $PM_{10}$, VOCs and $NO_2$. The year of construction was compared to the concentrations of indoor air pollutants. Specifically, when the construction date was less than 3 years, the HCHO, VOCs and TBC concentrations were $44.75{\mu}g/m^3,\;555.07{\mu}g/m^3$ and $337.79CFU/m^3$, respectively. These concentrations were $120{\mu}g/m^3$ and $211.84CFU/m^3$ higher for VOCs and TBC than the concentrations obtained from the facilities more than 3 years. However, the concentration of HCHO was similar between the facilities older and younger than 3 years of age. Year, temperature, humidity and indoor air pollutant correlation analyses showed that temperature and humidity, temperature and TBC, temperature and $O_3,\;PM_{10}$ and $NO_2$, HCHO and VOCs, $CO_2$ and Rn had positive relationships. However temperature and Rn, humidity and $CO_2,\;CO_2$ and $O_3,\;O_3$ and Rn had negative relationships. Accordingly, it will be necessary to manage the factors affecting indoor air quality so that the residents can have a more comfortable and healthier living environment. Ultimately, the results of this study are expected to be utilized as baseline data.