• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.411-422
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• 1998

In this study, experiments were carried out to provide nucleate pool boiling heat transfer data for a plain tube and 4 different low fin tubes employing 2 refrigerant mixtures of R410A, R407C, and 12 pure fluids. Low fin tubes were machined on a 19.05mm nominal outside diameter copper block according to the manufacturer's low fin tube specifications. Cartridge heaters were used to generate uniform heat flux on the tubes. For all refrigerants, heat flux varied from 10㎾/$\m^2$ to 80㎾/$\m^2$. It is found that heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) of high vapor pressure refrigerants are usually higher than those of low pressure fluids. On the other hand, the fin effect was more prominent with low pressure refrigerants than with high pressure ones. Optimum fin density as well as the increase in heat transfer coefficient with the increase in fin density were found to be strongly fluid dependent. HTCs of Rl23, a low pressure alternative refrigerant, were similar to those of Rll while HTCs of R134a, an intermediate pressure alternative refrigerant, were roughly 20% higher than those of Rl2. Finally, HTCs of R32, R125, R143a, and R410A were all higher than those of R22 by 30~50%.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.729-734
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• 1984

Bochdalek hernia is a type of congenital diaphragmatic defect in the posterolateral portion of the diaphragm. The defect is usually Lt. sided due to protective effect of liver on right. Sex distribution is male preponderance [2:1] and it is diagnosed during neonate, mostly first 24 hours, due to severe respiratory distress. We experienced a rare case of old aged female patient with congenital Bochdalek hernia on Rt. side which was found incidentally during treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax of Rt. side. 17 year old female patient was admitted to CS department for chest discomfort on right and mild dyspnea with duration of 20 days. Under the diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax, Rt. closed thoracostomy and underwater sealed drainage with continuous suction was applied. On follow-up chest x-ray, poorly defined hazy increased density with multiple air-fluid levels in Rt. lower lung field and Lt. subphrenic free air were noted. So, Barium enema was done under the impression of Rt. diaphragmatic hernia, and nearly entire colon proximal to sigmoid was demonstrated in the Rt. hemithorax. Operation was done-for surgical repair of defected diaphragm through Rt. posterolateral thoracotomy. Operative findings were as follows; 1.Hypoplastic Rt. lung, esp. RML & RLL. 2.Nearly entirely intestines were herniated. 3.Diaphragmatic defect was located on posterolateral portion of the diaphragm, about 10x3cm in size with blunt smooth margin. 4.A large bleb on apex of RUL of lung. Herniated intestines were repaired into abdominal cavity manually and defect of diaphragm was repaired with No. I black silk interrupted sutures directly, and bleb was resected. Postoperative courses were uneventful and the patient was discharged with good condition on POD 14th.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2002

Actinomycosis is a chronic infectious disease, which is produced by Gram-positive anaerobic organisms, actinomycetes, normally inhabit in the mouth, bowel and female genital tract. Primary endobronchial actinomycosis is relatively rare infection and can be misdiagnosed as endobronchial tuberculosis or malignancies. We experienced a case of primary endobronchial actinomycosis in a 49-year-old man presented with fifteen-days history of hemoptysis and cough. He had a past history of extraction of teeth because of dental caries six months ago. Chest X-ray showed irregular consolidation ad bronchoscopic findings revealed nearly obstruction by tumor mass with active bleeding in RLL. Pathologic finding of the bronchial mass showed sulfur granule with granulation tissue formation. Intravenous administration of penicillin G followed by oral ampicillin therapy for 6 months resulted in marked improvement in symptoms and chest X-ray findings. We report this case with review of literature.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.792-796
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• 1991

Immature teratoma can be viewed as intermediate between mature teratoma and embryonal carcinoma. Unlike the mature teratoma, elements of the three perm cell layers are incompletely differentiated and not arranged in organoid fashion In some area, more mature forms of these tissues may also be seen, Although this tumor is clearly malignant, they may not display clear-cut cytologic features of malignancy. The clinical prognosis is poor. We have experienced one case of recurrent immature teratoma. In first operation[1987, April], tumor of anterior mediastinum was removed with wedge resection of ant. segment of RUL % med. segment of RML. In 2nd operation[1990, June], recurrent teratoma of right inner thoracic wall was resected with partial 5th rib resection and wedge resection of lat. segment of middle lobe. Two months later, the 3rd operation[1990, September] was done, which was a removal of mass on thoracic wall near sup, segment of RLL and partial rib resection of 3rd, 4th & 5th. In November 1990, last operation[4th operation] was made. It was enucleation of walnut sized tumor located between medial segment of RML, and 4th. intercostal space, well encapsulated with endothoracic fascia and invaded into lung parenchyme, Adjuvant chemotherapy was done after each operation, but radiotherapy[5000 Rad] was done only after 1st operation. There was no evidence of recurrence after last operation. The patient is well-being still now.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2002

저자들은 객혈을 주소로 내원하여 선천성 폐동맥 부발육증으로 오인한 32세 여자환자를 폐색전증으로 진단하였고, 항응고제 투여를 통해 호전된 예를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.806-811
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• 1992

The primary neuroendocrine carcinomas[NEC] of the lung are relatively rare. There are classified histologically into the following groups. 1] bronchial carcinoid, 2] well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma[WDNC], 3] intermediate cell neuroendocrine carci-noma[ICNC], 4] small cell neuroendocrie carcinoma[SCNC]. The NE cells can be found throughout the mucosa of the bronchial tree by the electron microscopy. By the immunocytochemistry, Neuron-specific enolase[NSE], serotonin, born-csin, and calcitonin are found in normal solitary NE cells and neuroepithelial bodies. The immunohistochemistry has the advantage that it can be applied on routine pathology specimens. The NSE was localized in all of the NE granule bearing tumors but also present in 57 per cent of the non NE carcinomas. Together the combination of chromogranin A, bombesin and NSE should provide an exellent signature for tumor cells expressing NE features, such as carcinoids and other NE carcinomas. We have experienced two cases of primary pulmonary NEC in 59 and 29 years old men. The former was admitted due to exertional dyspnea and left chest pain, the latter, newly developed mass on chest X-ray. They were treated by Lt pneumonectomy with LN dissection and RLL resection with LN dissection The postoperative diagnoses were could be confirmed by NSE study as NEC which were SCNEC and INEC in subgroups. The postoperative courses were uneventful.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.800-805
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• 1989

The roentgenologic appearance of carcinoma of the lung may vary considerably from case to case. And when it forms cavitary lesion, it is frequently confused with benign lesions and treated conservatively. Twenty-seven patients with cavitary bronchogenic carcinoma were treated in our St. Marys Hospital during the period 1984-1989. There were 24 males and 3 females. They ranged in age from 43 to 76 years. Symptoms of cough, blood-streaked sputum or pleuritic chest pain were present in all patients one month to 6 months before hospital admission and 7 patients among them were delayed in recognition of the malignancy from z month to 3 months. Of 27 malignancies with cavity, 22[81.5 %] were squamous cell ca., 3[11.1%] were large cell ca., and 2[7.4%] were adenoca. And of 22 squamous cell carcinomas, 5 were well differentiated, 13 were moderately and 4 were poorly. All lobes except Rt. middle lobe were involved [RUL 2 cases, RLL 13 cases, LUL 3 cases and LLL 9 cases]. We explored 16 patients and performed 7 lobectomy, 4 bi-lobectomy, 2 pneumonectomy and 3 08zC. Post-operative follow-up examination of the resected 13 patients indicated one and two year survival rates of 69.1 %[9/13 cases] and 37.5%[3/8 cases] respectively, and now 6 survivors whose post-operative periods were from 4 months to 37 months.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2000

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of extension of grazing duration in late autumn on grass growth in following spring, in order to improve the rate of self-sufficiency for roughage feed. Plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage were increased when the grazing was finished early in late autumn. The proportions of clover and litter, and amounts of animal intake were decreased, with extended grazing duration in late autumn. But when the grazing was finished late in autumn, the contents of crude protein (CP, %) of herbage were increased, contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) and crude ash (%) were decreased in pasture after grazing, therefore the contents of total digestible nutrients (TDN, %) and relative feed value (RFV) of herbage were improved. The early end grazing showed that plant height, total biomass and litter production of herbage in following spring were higher than those in late end grazing. However, increased yields were not significantly different among end grazing treatments (0.12-0.15 tonha), except for the final end grazing in late autumn (0.01 tonha). With extended grazing duration in late autumn, the contents of CP of herbage in following spring were increased, contents of ADF, were decreased, and RFV were improved. (Key words : Extension of grazing duration, Plant height, Biomass, Amount of intake, Increased yield, Crude protein, TDN) rll\ulcorner c# qiil x i 9 ~ 1 a% * (College of Natural Resources, Taegu Univ., Kyongsan, 71 2-714, Korea) * $4 4 qiil 34 qq(Co1lege of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Yonsei Univ., Wonju, 220-701, Korea) '* 8 * jL@%ft@ &@%(Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo, 060 Japan)

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.221-231
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• 1994

Age determination in children have been criticized because they rely on subjective estimations of tooth development, as seen in radiographs. This study was undertaken to obtain the objective estimation of developing teeth. The panoramic radiograph of 254 males and 254 females ranging from 6 to 14 years of age were studied. The structures measured were crown height, apex width and root length. The data weree statistically investigated with SPSS/PC + package. The results were as follows : 1. With the aid of a multiple regression model, a linear relationship between some of these distances and age was shown. 2. In th total material(6-14yr) and four-yr. intervals, linear equations are as follow : Boys : 6-14 age = 683 + 145.6 44RL + 126.6.45RL + 71.1 46DRL - 161.3 46DAW 6-10 age = 1202 + 72.6 46DRL + 100.2 44RL + 75.1 45RL 8-12 age = 3818 + 75.9 45RL - 190.9 44AW 10-14 age = 4151 + 58.6 45RL - 84.0 45AW - 130.6 44AW Girls : 6-14 age = 1587 + 104.9 45RL + 113.4 44RL - 233.1 46DAW + 81.4 47DRL - 255.9 46MAW 6-10 age = 1821 + 55.8 46DRL + 67.2 45RL - 184.2 46MAW + 56.3 44RL 8-12 age = 2435 + 68.2 45RLL + 71.3 44RL 10-14 age = 3485 + 49.9 47DRL - 51.3 45AW - 179.9 47DAW + 33.4 45RL + 39.4 44RL (DRL, length of distal root in molars. RL, root length in premolars. DAW, width of distal apex in molars. MAW, width of mesial apex in molars. AW, width of apex n molars)

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.544-548
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• 2002

대두의 질소고정 근류균들 중 우리나라 토착균, USDA110, USDA122, RJl-29, R2l4 등으로 종자분의접종한 삼남콩을 폿트에 재배하여 개화기에 한발처리한 것과 관행으로 폿트에 재배한 것과의 근류균별 질소고정력 조사와 콩의 제요인에 미치는 근류균의 영향, 한발조건시 근류균 질소고정력과 협중과의 상관관계, 식물체 호흡량과 엽면적과의 상관관계 등을 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 관행재배에서는 근류균의 질소고정력이 R2l4와 토착균이 높게 나타났으나, 개화기에 한발처리를 한 구에서는 토착근류균 보다 R2l4와 Rll-29의 균들이 질소고정력을 높게 나타내었다. 토착근류균에 비하여 USDA122와 RJl-29의 근류균을 접종한 구가 한발조건에서 식물체 호흡량을 적게 유지하여 엽면적 및 협중의 상대지수를 높게 나타내었다. 한발조건에서 근류균 질소고정력과 협중 상대지수와의 상관관계는 r=0.85'로서 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한발조건에서 식물체 호흡량과 엽면적 상대지수와의 상관관계는 r=-0.89'로서 유의적인 부의 상관관계를 나타내었다.