• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2014

최근 스마트폰 스파이웨어는 PC의 여러 가지 유형의 바이러스 요소들을 닮아가고 있으며, 점점 심각해지고 있는 추세이다. 또한 스마트폰 스파이웨어의 성장속도에 비해 스마트폰의 보안과 관련된 측면들은 매우 취약한 상태이지만 사용자들은 그러한 위험 요소들을 심각하게 인지하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 개인적 성향과 스파이웨어에 대한 인식을 바탕으로 정보보안이 스마트폰 선택에 미치는 영향을 살펴본다. 연구 모델의 주요 변수는 독립 변수로 개인별 위험성 감수정도와 스마트폰 스파이웨어 위험성을 선정하고, 종속 변수로 스마트폰 구매 의향을 설정하였다. 현재 스마트폰을 사용하고 있는 사용자를 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 얻은 200부의 유효한 자료를 SPSS 21 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 검증하였다. 연구결과에 의하면 개인별 위험성 감수정도에 따라 스마트폰 스파이웨어의 위험성을 인지하는 것과, 스마트폰 스파이웨어의 위험성을 인지할수록 스마트폰 구매의향에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 스마트폰을 선택할 때 정보보안의 영향을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2016

본 연구는 옴니채널에서의 관광정보탐색과 만족도간의 관계와 관광경험과 위험지각간의 조절 영향관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 첫째, 관광정보탐색동기의 편리성과 신뢰성은 모두 만족도에 유의한 영향관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 관광정보탐색동기인 편리성과 신뢰성이 만족도와의 관계에서 관광경험의 조절효과는 유의적이 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 관광정보탐색동기인 편리성과 신뢰성이 만족도와의 관계에서 위험지각의 조절효과는 재무위험의 경우 유의적인 것으로 나타났고, 심리위험은 유의적이지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 재무적인 위험의 지각은 만족을 저해한다는 점에서 재무위험을 줄이기 위해 이용하기전 보다 많은 탐색을 통해 정보를 얻으려는 경향이 강하므로, 좀 더 실용적이고 정확한 형태로 정보가 제공되어야 할 것이다.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine female consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions toward intimate apparel brands. To understand female consumers' shopping behaviors for intimate apparel products, this study examined interrelationships among brand familiarity, perceived risk, attitudes, and purchase intentions toward intimate apparel brands. A conceptual model was developed by adopting perceived risk theory (Cox, 1967) and theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980). A pre-survey using a paper and pencil was conducted to identify the most familiar intimate apparel brand to young female consumers. The majority of pre-survey respondents (66 female college students) indicated Victoria's Secret as the most prominent intimate apparel brand. Therefore, Victoria's Secret was used to examine possible effects of brand familiarity on perceived risk and attitudinal and behavioral responses toward the brand. Using a web-based survey, 384 complete responses were collected from young female college students between the ages of 18-29 at a Mid-southern U.S. university. A structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. Results showed positive, statistically significant associations among the four variables (e.g., brand familiarity, perceived risk, attitudes, and purchase intentions). The findings suggested that young female consumers who are familiar with a particular intimate apparel brand are likely to perceive a low level of risk, leading to positive, strong attitudes with purchase intentions toward that particular intimate apparel brand. This suggests establishing brand familiarity through integrated marketing communication is crucial for risk reduction strategy in intimate apparel shopping.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a supportive program on uncertainty, anxiety, and maternal-fetal attachment in high-risk pregnant women. Methods: The participants were 59 high-risk pregnant women admitted to the maternal-fetal intensive care unit. The control group (n=30) received usual treatment and antenatal care, while the experimental group (n=29) received an additional supportive program. Uncertainty, anxiety, and maternal-fetal attachment were measured in both groups prior to the intervention and at 3 days and 10 days after the intervention (or at discharge). Data were analyzed with the t-test, chi-square test, repeated-measures analysis of covariance, and the Greenhouse-Geisser correction in SPSS version 23.0. Results: A supportive program including information provision, nutritional care, emotional care, and exercise care was developed from the literature. All variables except women's length of stay were found to be homogeneous the between experimental and control groups in the pre-test. Length of stay was calculated as a covariate for testing hypotheses. There was a significant difference in state anxiety over time between the two groups, while there were no differences in uncertainty or maternal-fetal attachment. Conclusion: This supportive program was identified as an effective nursing intervention on state anxiety in high-risk pregnant women during their stay in the maternal-fetal intensive care unit. It is suggested that nurses could apply this program to alleviate high-risk pregnant women's state anxiety, and that this program could be modified to be more effective on uncertainty and maternal-fetal attachment in high-risk pregnant women.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.172-179
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 사회적 기업에서 기업가정신을 기반으로 기업의 성장과 분배를 통하여 지역사회와의 공진화 기반을 구축하기 위한 선순환 요소를 발굴하려는 것이다. 이를 위해서 기업가정신의 구성변인으로서 혁신성, 진취성, 위험감수성에 사회적 목적 추구를 추가하여 각각의 요인이 사회적 기업의 경제적 성과와 사회적 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 독립변수로 구분된 기업가정신과 종속변수인 사회적 기업의 성과 간의 관계를 상관분석과 회귀분석을 통하여 검증하였다. 기업가정신이 사회적 기업의 경제적 성과와 사회적 성과에 미치는 영향의 실증분석을 위해 2개의 대가설과 8개의 소가설을 설정하였다. 연구 결과 경제적 성과 측면에서는 기업가의 진취성이 유의미한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 성과 측면에서는 기업가의 혁신성과 위험감수성이 주요 변인으로 나타났다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.33-59
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• 2008

This paper aims to analyse the preference for German farm tourism among the German population. For this reason, we conducted an empirical study in Germany during summer 2007 and we applieda structural equation model based on partial leasts quares(PLS) to analyse the data. In the following chapters we will introduce the literature review and our conceptual frame work. We will then outline the procedures we adopted and the results of the empirical analysis. In the final part so me conclusions will be presented and a discussion will follow in order to draw the future directions of our research. According to our hypotheses, the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H1: The higher the information degree about it. H2: The lower the influence of the social stimuli. H3: The higher the physical exposure to it (experience). H4: The higher the wellness image of agri-tourism. H5: The higher the traditional image of agri-tourism. H6: The higher the exciting image of agri-tourism. H7: The higher the perceived value for money. Our further hypotheses affirm that the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked set of an individual is higher: H8: The lower the perceived risk. H9: The higher the motive to enjoy a holiday in the nature. H10: The higher the motive to enjoy a sport holiday. H11: The lower the motive to have an organized holiday. H12: The lower the motive to have a holiday abroad. H13: The lower the motive of action and night life. H14: The higher the motive to spend a holiday with the family. H15: The lower the motive to spend a city holiday. Finally, our model has some socio-demographics data. As we mentioned before, German agri-tourism has traditionally been the travel destination of large-size families, with low-to-middle income. For that reason, our final hypothesises are the following: the possibility that agri-tourism enters in the evoked-set of an individual is higher: H16: The higher the number of family members. H17: The lower the family income. Since in this study we use a path model with a PLS approach, we are able to state some interrelations among the exogenous latent variables: H18: The motive of sport holiday has a positive influence towards nature motives. H19: The physical exposition to agri-tourism has a positive influence toward information. H20: The motive of family holiday has a negative influence toward the motive of action and night life. H21: Social stimuli have a positive influence towards individuals risk perceptions. H22: Social stimuli have negative influence towards experience. Data for this study were gathered via administrated questionnaires during the summer 2007 within the frame of an academic "marketing research" course. The corresponding t-values are assessed using the bootstrapping method with 500 re-samples. In our model 61% of the degree of appreciation of German agri-tourism (evoked set) is explained by five independent variables: value for money ($0.335^{{\ast}{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H7) experience ($0.267^{{\ast}{\ast}}$) (H3), exciting image ($0.204^{\ast}$) (H6) organisation ($-0.162^{\ast}$) (H11) and holiday abroad ($-0.156^{\ast}$) (H12). The variance explained ($R^2$) for the other endogenous variables are the following: nature 24.3%, information 14.1%, action holiday 13.8%, risk perception 5.8% and experience 2.4%. An overview can be inferred from table 5. The results also allow us to test each of the proposed hypotheses. With exception of organization and abroad, none of the others travel style factors (H9 to H15) seem to have any significant impact towards evoked set which leads to the rejection of the respective hypotheses. As expected, social stimuli have a significant influence on individuals' risk perception (H21 accepted), however neither the former nor the latter have a valuable impact on evoked set (rejection of H2 and H8). Besides, since the influence of social stimuli towards experience is not significant, also H22 has to be rejected. Experience influences information (H19 accepted) but the latter does not affect significantly the evoked set (H1 rejected). Both H4 as well as H5, referring respectively to the perceived images of German agri-tourism as a wellness destination and the traditional image of the German farm tourism have to be rejected. Finally, none of the demographic data included in the model explains significantly the variance of the factor evoked set. Therefore neither H16 nor H17 has been accepted. As far as the interrelation between sport and nature (H18) and family and action (H20) are concerned, the stated relationship among these variables has been statistically confirmed. Our path model based on partial least squares shows the factors influencing the preference for farm tourism in Germany. Among others value for money and experience are the most significant ones. Practical implications are discussed.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.115-138
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• 2010

People acknowledge that mobile technology has improved their lives in terms of convenience, flexibility, connectedness, and new freedom of choice. However, as people increase usage of technology, they may become frustrated, challenged, annoyed, and irritated with it. This is the main characteristic of mobile technology paradoxes. Once technology gets into people's daily life, which it already has, people will look for a way to minimize the dependency on the technology, as well as finding a way to use the technology to improve the quality of their life. The focus of this study is to understand the mobile technology paradoxes and to develop coping strategies. As mobile technology is already a part of people's daily life, it is inevitable that people need to utilize technology as part of their lifestyles. This study developed a research model regarding the relationship between mobile technology perception and choice of coping strategies, including personal risk propensity as a mediating factor. Discussion on the importance of the technology paradoxes for developing mobile solution and services from the customers' perspectives followed after hypotheses testing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

The current study aims to investigate the relationship between tax avoidance and firm risk in an emerging market called Iran. The study population consists of 400 observations and 80 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) over a five-year period during 2012 and 2016. The statistical model used in this study is a multivariate regression model; besides, the statistical technique used to test the hypotheses proposed in this research is panel data. The results showed that low effective tax rate (tax avoidance) is more consistent than the higher effective tax rate. Moreover, there is no significant relationship between tax avoidance and future tax rate volatility. The findings also proved that lower effective tax rates are positively associated with future stock price volatility. This implies that since Iranian firms have many financial problems because of economic sanctions, they have a tendency to delay the disclosure of bad news about their firms. Needless to say, when a huge number of negative news reaches its peak, they immediately will enter the market and lead to a remarkable fluctuation in stock prices.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.555-565
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• 2020

This study examines the determinant factors affecting young people in preparing entrepreneurship in Indonesia. This study involved several variables, including the need for achievement, risk perception, locus of control, entrepreneurial attitude to predict entrepreneurial intention, and preparation for entrepreneurship among young people. The approach utilized in this study was a quantitative research design using a survey model. The participants of this study were recruited from young people in East Java, Indonesia. Structural equation modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) was implemented to test the hypotheses and the relationships between variables. The findings of this research showed that the attitudes toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention of young people in Indonesia are determined by several variables such as the need for achievement, risk perception, and locus of control. The correlation between variables showed one positive direction in which all independent variables can influence dependent variables. Additionally, the result of this study confirms a robust relationship between the attitude toward entrepreneurship and preparing for entrepreneurship among young people. Lastly, this study showed a positive correlation between entrepreneurial intention and preparation for entrepreneurship. This study suggests that government institutions and universities need to be concerned about entrepreneurial programs to promote young entrepreneurs.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.609-623
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• 2017

Fur apparel is a representative luxury item that displays wealth and social status; however, it is also recognized as an unethical product criticized for its animal maltreatment in the production process. Understanding consumer responses to an ambivalent object, such as fur apparel, is an important research topic both academically and practically. This study investigates the hierarchical effects of perceived benefits and risks of fur apparel on consumers' emotions and purchase intention by applying the ABC model of attitudes to identify the mediating effects of consumer emotions. An online survey was conducted on 390 female consumers that verified hypotheses through structural equation modeling and bootstrapping analysis using phantom variables. The initial results of the survey showed that the relationship between perceived conspicuous benefits and purchase intention towards fur apparel was partially mediated by positive emotion. Second, the relationship between perceived epistemic benefits and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive emotion. Third, the relationship between perceived ethical risk and purchase intention was completely mediated by positive and negative emotions. Fourth, perceived social risk did not affect the purchase intention of fur apparel significantly. The results support that cognitive beliefs about the subject have a significant positive effect on behavioral intentions through emotions as suggested in the ABC model of the attitude. This study provides an in-depth understanding of consumer responses to ambivalent objects by revealing the individual mediating effects of consumers' positive and negative emotions.