• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2001

Etching behaviors of ferroelectric YMn $O_3$ thin films were studied by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Etch characteristic on ferroelectric YMn $O_3$ thin film have been investigated in terms of etch rate, selectivity and etch profile. The maximum etch rate of YMn $O_3$ thin film is 300 $\AA$/min at Ar/C $l_2$ of 2/8, RF power of 800W, dc bias voltage of 200V, chamber pressure of 15mTorr and substrate temperature of 3$0^{\circ}C$. Addition of C $F_4$ gas decrease the etch rate of YMn $O_3$ thin film. From the results of XPS analysis, Y $F_{X}$ compunds were found on the surface of YMn $O_3$ thin film which is etched in Ar/C1/C $F_4$ plasma. The etch profile of YMn $O_3$ film is improved by addition of C $F_4$ gas into the Ar/C $l_2$ plasma. These results suggest that fluoride yttrium acts as a sidewall passivants which reduce the sticking coefficient of chlorine on YMn $O_3$.>.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2008

실리콘을 기판으로 하는 대부분의 태양전지에서는 표면반사에 의한 광에너지손실을 최소화시키고자 습식에칭(wet etching)에 의한 텍스쳐링처리가 이루어진다. 그러나 습식 에칭은 공정 과정이 번거롭고 비용이 많이 든다. Inductively Coupled Plasma Etcher 장비를 이용한 플라즈마 에칭 (plasma etching)을 실리콘 표면에 적용하여 공정을 간단하고 저렴하게 하며 반사도를 획기적으로 낮추는 기술이 개발되었다. 습식 에칭으로 형성된 표면의 피라미드 구조는 1차 반사 후 빛의 일부가 외부로 흩어져 나가지만 플라즈마 에칭으로 형성된 나노구조는 내부전반사가 가능하여 대부분의 태양 에너지를 흡수한다. 나노구조는 필라(pillar)의 형태로 형성되며 이 필라의 길이에 따라 반사도가 다르게 나타난다. 이는 플라즈마 에칭 시 발생하는 이온폭격과 에칭 측벽 식각 보호막(SiOxFy : Silicon- Oxy- Fluoride)이 필라의 길이에 영향을 주기 때문이며, 필라가 길수록 반사도를 저하시킨다. 최저의 반사도를 얻기 위해서 나노필라 형성에 기여하는 플라즈마 에칭 시간, RF bias power, SF6/O2 gas ratio의 변화에 따른 실험이 진행되었다. 플라즈마 발생 초기에는 표면의 거칠기만 증가할 뿐 필라가 형성되지 않지만 특정조건에서 3um 이상의 필라를 얻는다. 이는 에칭 측벽 식각 억제막이 약한 부분으로 이온폭격이 집중되어 발생한다. 플라즈마 에칭을 적용하여 형성된 나노필라는 반사도가 가시광 영역에서 대략 1%에 불과하며, 마스크 없이 공정이 가능한 장점이 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2002

The etching behaviors of the ferroelectric $YMnO_3$ thin films were studied by an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The maximum etch rate of $YMnO_3$ thin film is 300 ${\AA}/min$ at Ar/$Cl_2$of 2/8, RF power of 800W, dc bias voltage of 200V, chamber pressure of 15mTorr and substrate temperature of $30^{\circ}C$. Addition of $CF_4$ gas decrease the etch rate of $YMnO_3$ thin film. From the results of XPS analysis, nonvolatile $YF_x$ compounds were found on the surface of $YMnO_3$ thin film which is etched in Ar/$Cl_2$/CF$_4$plasma. The etch profile of YMnO$_3$film is improved by addition of $CF_4$ gas into the Ar/$Cl_2$ plasma. These results suggest that YF$_{x}$ compound acts as a sidewall passivants which reduce the sticking coefficient of chlorine on $YMnO_3$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2007

The etching characteristics of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and etch selectivity of ZnO to $SiO_2\;in\;BCl_3$/Ar plasma were investigated. It was found that ZnO etch rate shows a non-monotonic behavior with increasing both Ar fraction in $BCl_3$ plasma, RF power, and gas pressure. The maximum ZnO etch rate of 50.3 nm/min was obtained for $BCl_3$ (80%)/Ar(20%) gas mixture. The plasmas were characterized using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis measurements while chemical state of etched surfaces was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From these data the suggestions on the ZnO etch mechanism were made.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.105-105
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• 2009

$ZrO_2$ is one of the most attractive high dielectric constant (high-k) materials. As integrated circuit device dimensions continue to be scaled down, high-k materials have been studied more to resolve the problems for replacing the EY31conventional $SiO_2$. $ZrO_2$ has many favorable properties as a high dielectric constant (k= 20~25), wide band gap (5~7 eV) as well as a close thermal expansion coefficient with Si that results in good thermal stability of the $ZrO_2/Si$ structure. In order to get fine-line patterns, plasma etching has been studied more in the fabrication of ultra large-scale integrated circuits. The relation between the etch characteristics of high-k dielectric materials and plasma properties is required to be studied more to match standard processing procedure with low damaged removal process. Due to the easy control of ion energy and flux, low ownership and simple structure of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP), we chose it for high-density plasma in our study. And the $BCl_3$ included in the gas due to the effective extraction of oxygen in the form of $BCl_xO_y$ compound In this study, the surface kinetic properties of $ZrO_2$ thin film was investigated in function of Ch addition to $BCl_3/Ar$ gas mixture ratio, RF power and DC-bias power based on substrate temperature. The figure 1 showed the etch rate of $ZrO_2$ thin film as function of gas mixing ratio of $Cl_2/BCl_3/Ar$ dependent on temperature. The chemical state of film was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characteristics of the plasma were estimated using optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) was used for elemental analysis of etched surface.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

This study described the effects of RF power, DC bias voltage, chamber pressure and gas mixing ratio on the etch rates of TiN thin film and selectivity of TiN thin film to $SiO_2$ with $BCl_3$/Ar gas mixture. When the gas mixing ratio was $BCl_3$(20%)/Ar(80%) with other conditions were fixed, the maximum etch rate of TiN thin film was 170.6 nm/min. When the DC bias voltage increased from -50 V to -200 V, the etch rate of TiN thin film increased from 15 nm/min to 452 nm/min. As the RF power increased and chamber pressure decreased, the etch rate of TiN thin film showed an increasing tendency. When the gas mixing ratio was $BCl_3$(20%)/Ar(80%) under others conditions were fixed, the intensity of optical emission spectra from radical or ion such as Ar(750.4 nm), $Cl^+$(481.9 nm) and $Cl^{2+}$(460.8 nm) was highest. The TiN thin film was effectively removed by the chemically assisted physical etching in $BCl_3$/Ar ICP plasma.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.477-477
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• 2008

For more than three decades, the gate dielectrics in CMOS devices are $SiO_2$ because of its blocking properties of current in insulated gate FET channels. As the dimensions of feature size have been scaled down (width and the thickness is reduced down to 50 urn and 2 urn or less), gate leakage current is increased and reliability of $SiO_2$ is reduced. Many metal oxides such as $TiO_2$, $Ta_2O_4$, $SrTiO_3$, $Al_2O_3$, $HfO_2$ and $ZrO_2$ have been challenged for memory devices. These materials posses relatively high dielectric constant, but $HfO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ did not provide sufficient advantages over $SiO_2$ or $Si_3N_4$ because of reaction with Si substrate. Recently, $HfO_2$ have been attracted attention because Hf forms the most stable oxide with the highest heat of formation. In addition, Hf can reduce the native oxide layer by creating $HfO_2$. However, new gate oxide candidates must satisfy a standard CMOS process. In order to fabricate high density memories with small feature size, the plasma etch process should be developed by well understanding and optimizing plasma behaviors. Therefore, it is necessary that the etch behavior of $HfO_2$ and plasma parameters are systematically investigated as functions of process parameters including gas mixing ratio, rf power, pressure and temperature to determine the mechanism of plasma induced damage. However, there is few studies on the the etch mechanism and the surface reactions in $BCl_3$ based plasma to etch $HfO_2$ thin films. In this work, the samples of $HfO_2$ were prepared on Si wafer with using atomic layer deposition. In our previous work, the maximum etch rate of $BCl_3$/Ar were obtained 20% $BCl_3$/ 80% Ar. Over 20% $BCl_3$ addition, the etch rate of $HfO_2$ decreased. The etching rate of $HfO_2$ and selectivity of $HfO_2$ to Si were investigated with using in inductively coupled plasma etching system (ICP) and $BCl_3/Cl_2$/Ar plasma. The change of volume densities of radical and atoms were monitored with using optical emission spectroscopy analysis (OES). The variations of components of etched surfaces for $HfO_2$ was investigated with using x-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS). In order to investigate the accumulation of etch by products during etch process, the exposed surface of $HfO_2$ in $BCl_3/Cl_2$/Ar plasma was compared with surface of as-doped $HfO_2$ and all the surfaces of samples were examined with field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2008

High-k materials have been paid much more attention for their characteristics with high permittivity to reduce the leakage current through the scaled gate oxide. Among the high-k materials, $ZrO_2$ is one of the most attractive ones combing such favorable properties as a high dielectric constant (k= 20 ~ 25), wide band gap (5 ~ 7 eV) as well as a close thermal expansion coefficient with Si that results in good thermal stability of the $ZrO_2$/Si structure. During the etching process, plasma etching has been widely used to define fine-line patterns, selectively remove materials over topography, planarize surfaces, and trip photoresist. About the high-k materials etching, the relation between the etch characteristics of high-k dielectric materials and plasma properties is required to be studied more to match standard processing procedure with low damaged removal process. Among several etching techniques, we chose the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for high-density plasma, easy control of ion energy and flux, low ownership and simple structure. And the $BCl_3$ was included in the gas due to the effective extraction of oxygen in the form of $BCl_xO_y$ compounds. During the etching process, the wafer surface temperature is an important parameter, until now, there is less study on temperature parameter. In this study, the etch mechanism of $ZrO_2$ thin film was investigated in function of $Cl_2$ addition to $BCl_3$/Ar gas mixture ratio, RF power and DC-bias power based on substrate temperature increased from $10^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$. The variations of relative volume densities for the particles were measured with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The surface imagination was measured by scanning emission spectroscope (SEM). The chemical state of film was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.5
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• pp.29-35
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• 1999

Inductively coupled plsama etching of platinum thin film was studied using $O_2$ addition to $Cl_2$/Ar gas plasma. In this study, Pt etching mechanism was investigated with Ar/$Cl_2$ /$O_2$ gas plasma by using XPS and QMS. Ion current density was measured with Ar/$Cl_2$ /$O_2$ gas plasma by using single Langmuir probe. It was confirmed by using QMS and single Langmuir probe that Cl and Ar species rapidly decreased and ion current density was also decreased with increasing $O_2$ gas ratios. These results implied that the decrease of Pt etch rate is due to the decrease of reactive species ans ion current density with increasing $O_2$ gas mixing ratios. A maximum etch rate of 150nm/min and the oxide selectivity of 2.5 were obtained at Ar/$Cl_2$ /$O_2$ flow rate of 50 seem, RF power of 600 W, dc bias voltage of 125 V, and the total pressure of 10 mTorr.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.1862-1864
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• 2005

Carbon nanotubes [CNTs] are grown on TiN-coated Si substrates at $700^{\circ}C$ by inductively coupled plasma-chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD). Pre-treatment of Ni catalysts has been performed using an RF magnetron sputtering system. Structural properties and field-emission characteristics of the CNTs grown are analyzed in terms of the RF power applied and the treatment time used in the pre-treatment process. The characterization using various techniques, such as FE-SEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy, show that the physical dimension as well as the crystal quality of CNTs are changed by pre-treatment of Ni catalysts. It is also seen that Ni catalysts with proper grain size and uniform surface roughness may produce much better electron emission. The physical reason for all the measured data obtained are discussed to establish the relationship between the structural property and the electron emission characteristic of CNTs.