• 수면정신생리
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

목 적 : 기면병과 렘수면 행동장애(RBD)에서 모두 신경 퇴행적 과정이 존재할 가능성과 함께 두 질환의 증상 사이에 공통점이 있다는 제안이 많이 있었다. 이 연구는 두 렘수면 관련 질환에서 스펙트럼 분석방법을 적용하여 렘수면 뇌파의 미세 차이에 관해 살펴 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 기면병과 RBD 각 군에서 9명씩 성비를 맞추어 분석 대상자를 선정하였다. 각각의 분석대상자의 세 개의 렘수면 주기에서 각각 연속된 세 수면단위를 골라 한 사람당 9개의 수면단위에 대해 스펙트럼 분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 델타파 영역에서는 그 비율이 기면병군에서 RBD군보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 알파파(p=0.02)와 베타 2영역($20{\sim}50\;Hz$)에서는 RBD군에서 기면병보다 비율이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 서파수면은 기면병에서 많았으나 양군간에 렘수면 분율의 차이는 없었다(p=0.93). 결 론 : 기면병의 렘수면에서 RBD에 비해 델타파의 비율이 높은 양상은 수면촉진기전이 기면병에서 좀 더 우세하게 작용하는 것을 반영하는 것이다.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.112-115
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• 2004

Avante-garde arts which are still being continued until now has become not only just a forefather of art, but also the tradition of modern arts which are still being held on. Rem Koolhaas is growing his reputation as an architect like Le Corbuster. Space image and related documents analysis and characteristic interior image analysis rather than whole concept or the structure analysis, which first, making a analysis tool from derived characteristics from theoretical guidance of avante-garde and then by deriving characteristics of avante-garde arts from space consists of Rem Koolhaas, was able to identify that in his work consists contained characteristics of avante-garde arts

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of the architectural space of Rem Koolhaas based on the spatial discourse of Gilles Deleuze, a philosopher of post-structuralism which comprehends pluralism accepting even contingency and uncertainty beyond deterministic attitudes of structuralism that has led the western discourses since the 19th century. First of all, this research will reflect on Deleuze's spatial concept through literatures and extract the characteristics related to architectural spaces. Then, on the basis of these characteristics, it will analyze the characteristics which were applied to the interior space of the recent architectural works of Rem Koolhaas to find out how Deleuze's spatial dicourse was embodied. Among Deleuze's speculations, the characteristics which falls under the spatial discourse were classified into three categories; degree between the striated space and the smooth one, the space of events and singularity, and the space of the multiple sense. These analysis words are used to look into the correlations among the specific practicing methods embodied in the architecture of Kookhaas. In conclusion, in the architectural space of Rem Koolhaas, it was found that the characteristics of Gilles Deleuze's spatial discourse of post-structuralism were embodied by the methods such as (1) Space of continuous transition, (2) Space of the $multiplicit{\acute{e}}$ accepting contingent events, (3) Space of the multiple sense, and (4) Space of movement.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine a 'platform' as a mean of interactions between users in contemporary spatial design and network(web) and to verify the similarity between the platform and space of Rem Koolhaas, one of the leading contemporary architects of our time. A platform, referring to tangible or intangible structures designed for common use in a variety of ways, is activated by the networking effect of participants. Aided by the recent development of the IT industry encompassing computers and smart phones, the concept of platforms is extending to all areas of modern life, in general. In this study, the similarity between architectural space and platforms after reviewing the computer-related platforms, ecological features that refer to virtuous circulation, and various cases applied with platform thinking. Through this process, the platform feature of architectural platforms is defined as the 'open spatial system combined with control and freedom that acts more than one function and facilitates direct/indirect exchanges between users regardless of its type or size'. Establishing the criteria for spatial analysis based on this definition, analysis was conducted on interior design projects that were planned and conducted by Rem Koolhaas after 2000. As a result of this analysis, it was learned that Rem Koolhaas designs space using dual space structures where the extension and mixture of the user group, mixture of various functions defined by users, loose control that induces voluntary participation, community reinforcement, and inducement of accidental events, and opening and closing coexist. In addition, this design approach was found to be a design strategy similar to the concept of platforms that began to be developed in the IT field.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2018

The purpose of this article is: firstly, to survey architect Rem Koolhaas' preservation theory by reviewing his essays, books, exhibitions, and research projects focusing on preservation-related issues; and secondly, to formally analyse OMA's remodeling projects from 1970's to the present. From this analysis, this article tries to classify OMA's remodeling projects into four distinct categories and to establish, respectively, four generally-applicable remodeling strategies: 1)'Interior-oriented', 2)'Juxtaposition', 3)'Infill' and 4)'Cohesion.' Finally, this article argues that these remodeling strategies can be interpreted as a consistent pursuit of integration of various programmatic elements.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2019

Purpose - We attempted to verify the level of ethics of firms achieving sustainable management from the aspect of reliability of accounting information. Specifically, we evaluated the effects of sustainable management on accruals-based earning management (AEM) and real earning management (REM). Research design, data, and methodology - We employed the issuance of sustainability reports in addition to the indices of social responsibility and environmental-management evaluation of the Korea Corporate Governance Service in order to measure sustainability management. AEM was measured using discretionary accruals and calculated using the operant Jones model. Specifically, REM was measured using the methodology suggested by prior studies. The sample of our study consisted of 1,418 years of public listed firms in the Korea Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2017. Results - First, the level of AEM in firms achieving sustainable management was lower than the other. Second, the level of REM in these firms was lower than the other. Nonetheless, another analysis showed that the level of governance control affects the level of earning management and that the levels of AEM and REM were generally lower in firms achieving sustainable management than the others. Conclusions - We expected that firms achieving external ethics tend to have a higher level of internal ethics than others.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2021

This research aims to analyze the impact of Financial Risk (FR), Information Asymmetric (IA), and Earning Power (EP) on Real Earning Management (REM) of listed trading companies in IDX Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the influence of FR, IA, EP, on REM through Operating Cash Flow, Production expense, and Discretionary Expense. The study employs an unbalanced panel of data set from 2014 to 2018 on the activity of all trading companies (15 in total) as selected samples of 48 feasible samples from 144 existing data. The sample used a non probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. This research was classified as causative and tested by multiple linear regression model with cross-sectional analysis. The result indicated a significant impact of FR on REM through PROD and DISX but not through COF. How ever, IA, and EP showed significant impact on REM by means of COF but not go by PROD and DISX..The findings in this study contribute to the users of financial reports particularly the stakeholders in defining the determinants of real earning management practices among firms when it comes to decision making.

• Journal of Sleep Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2018

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in people with epilepsy (PWE), and confers medical and seizure-related consequences when untreated. Positive airway pressure, the gold-standard for OSA management, is limited by tolerability. As serotonin is involved respiratory control and amelioration of seizure-induced respiratory events, this study aims to determine whether serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) may represent a potential therapeutic option. Methods: A retrospective study of 100 PWE and OSA ${\geq}18$ years of age was conducted. The primary outcome measure was OSA severity as function of SRI use, with rapid eye movement (REM)-related OSA as a secondary outcome. Results: Older age and depression were more common in those taking an SRI. There was no association between SRIs and OSA severity. However, the SRI group was less likely to have REM-related OSA. Conclusions: In PWE and OSA, SRI use is associated with reduced risk of REM-related OSA, and may represent a potential management strategy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2021

본 연구는 탈근대의 건축 공간을 고정되지 않고 지속적인 변화의 개념으로 보고, 변화하는 관계 네트워크로 건축 내 공간 요소를 이해하는 것을 목표로 한다. 연구의 목적은 관계성이라는 관점에서 렘 콜하스와 SANAA의 작품에 나타난 공간적 특성을 밝힘과 동시에 두 건축가의 공간구성 전략을 분석하는 것이다. 연구의 방법은 관계성의 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 비고정적 관계성의 의미를 정의한 후 렘 콜하스와 SANAA의 건축적 접근방법에 대해 살펴보았다. 관계성을 공간의 프로그램, 환경, 사용자 그리고 가구와 집기로 구분하여 두 건축가의 작품 분석하였다. 결과적으로 두 건축가 모두 조직화에 의해 경직된 프로그램을 거부하고 가능성이 내재된 관계성을 건축공간 활성화 목적으로 활용하고 있다는 점에서는 유사하지만, 렘 콜하스는 사용자의 행위유발 기제의 전략을 사용하고 있는 반면, SANAA는 사용자의 자율적 행위를 담는 이완공간의 전략을 사용하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.470-482
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• 1995

2025 MWt 가압경수로인 울진 3, 4호기에는 설계기준초과사고인 완전급수상실사고를 완화하기 위하여 안전감압계통이 채택되었다. 본 논문은 울진 3, 4호기의 안전감압계통의 방출유량을 결정하기 위한 해석방법 및 결과에 대하여 논의하였다. 안전감압계통의 방출용량을 다음과 같은 두가지의 설계요건에 따라 결정하였다 : 1) 두 개의 고압안전주입펌프 중 하나의 펌프만이 작동하고 운전원이 안전감압계통의 한 계열의 감압경로를 가압기안전밸브가 열리자마자 개방하였을 경우 노심노출을 방지하여야 한다 2) 두 개의 고압안전주입펌프가 모두 작동하고 두 계열의 안전감압경로를 가압기안전밸브가 열린 후 30분 뒤에 개방하였을 경우 노심노출을 방지하여야 한다. CEFLASH-4AS/REM 전산코드의 모델 및 해석 결과의 타당성을 검토하기 위하여 REL-AP5/MOD3를 이용한 해석을 수행하였다. 운전원의 복구과정이 없을 경우와 운전원이 충전 및 유출운전에 의해 사고를 완화하는 경우의 완전급수상실사고 경위에 대해 수치모사를 수행하였다. 두 사고 경 위에 대해 CEFLASH-4AS/REM에 의해 예측된 원자로계통의 주요 열수력학적 거동이 RELAP5 /MOD3에 의한 결과와 정성·정량적으로 잘 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 울진 3, 4호기에 대해 완전급수상실사고시 안전감압계통을 이용한 충전 및 유출운전에 의해 잔열제거 및 일차계통냉각재 재고량 유지가 성공적으로 이루어짐을 수치모사를 통해 확인 할 수 있었다.