• Title/Summary/Keyword: RED Parameters

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Determination of Bulk Density and Internal Structure of Red Ginseng Root Using NMR (NMR을 이용한 홍삼의 용적밀도 측정 및 내부 조직 판별)

  • ;R. Ruan
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.96-101
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    • 1998
  • This paper describes the determination of bulk density and the discrimination of internal structure of red ginseng by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The 102 red ginseng roots were tested for bulk density. The NMR properties measured by NMR parameters such as spin-lattice relaxation time ($T_1$) and spin-spin relaxation time ($T_2$) were determined using the low field proton NMR analyzer. Bulk density of red ginseng root showed a highly negative significant correlation (r=-0.8934) with the value of $T_1$, but a highly positive significant correlation (r=0.7672 and 0.5909) with the value of T21 (short T2) and T22 (long T2), respectively. Multiple regression equation, Y=-0.0069.$T_1$+0.3044.$T_{21}$-0.0156.$T_{22}$-0.6368, using the MNR parameter values of 80 red ginseng roots can effectively predict the bulk density of 22 red ginseng roots with the correlation coefficient of 0.9396 and the standard error of 0.086. The differences in the internal structure of normal and inside white part of red ginseng were easily found by the signal intensity of NMR image based on magnetic properties of proton nucleus.

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Chromatic Parameters in the Condition Monitoring of Synthetic Hydraulic Oils

  • Ossia, C.V.;Kong, H.;Han, H.G.;Markova, L.;Makarenko, V.
    • KSTLE International Journal
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2007
  • Chromatic device was developed using light emitting diodes, optic fibers and photodiodes. Chromatic ratio and total contamination parameters based on transmitted light intensity in Red, Green, and Blue wavelengths were used for oil chemical and particulate contamination assessment. Chromatic ratio criterion was found independent of the particulate contamination of oil; but depended on chemical degradation, being more sensitive for synthetic than mineral hydraulic oil. Total contamination index of the sensor depended on both the chemical degradation and particulate contamination of the oil; being most sensitive in blue wavelength, and least in the red. Test results for synthetic hydraulic oils monitored corroborated with results of other tests such as viscosity, total acid number, elemental optical emission spectroscopy, particulate counts and UV-VIS photospectrometry. Chromatic ratio showed a clearer indication of oil degradation, compared to key monitoring parameters such as total acid number, viscosity and particle counts. The results showed that these parameters are effective criteria for the condition monitoring of synthetic hydraulic oils.

A New RED Algorithm Adapting Automatically in Various Network Conditions (다양한 네트워크 환경에 자동적으로 적응하는 RED 알고리즘)

  • Kim, Dong-Choon
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.461-467
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    • 2014
  • Active queue management (AQM) algorithms run on routers and detect incipient congestion by typically monitoring the instantaneous or average queue size. When the average queue size exceeds a certain threshold, AQM algorithms infer congestion on the link and notify the end systems to back off by proactively dropping some of the packets arriving at a router or marking the packets to reduce transmission rate at the sender. Among the existing AQM algorithms, random early detection (RED) is well known as the representative queue-based management scheme by randomizing packet dropping. To reduce the number of timeouts in TCP and queuing delay, maintain high link utilization, and remove bursty traffic biases, the RED considers an average queue size as a degree of congestions. However, RED do not well in the specified networks conditions due to the fixed parameters($P_{max}$ and $TH_{min}$) of RED. This paper addresses a extended RED to be adapted in various networks conditions. By sensing network state, $P_{max}$ and $TH_{min}$ can be automatically changed to proper value and then RED do well in various networks conditions.

Effect of Starvation on Survival and Physiological Response in Red Sea Bream Pagrus major in Summer (여름철 참돔(Pagrus major)의 절식에 따른 생존과 생리적 반응)

  • Lee, Jeong Yong;Lee, Jung Hwan;Hur, Jun Wook
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.620-627
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    • 2016
  • A 60-day experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding and starvation on the survival, growth, and blood parameters of red sea bream Pagrus major. The starved group was not fed during the first 32 days of the experiment and was then fed for 28 days. The growth rate of the starved fish group was significantly lower than that of the fed fish group. Starvation resulted in growth retardation and reductions in final body weight, growth rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor, whereas the fed fish group grew well and maintained a good condition. The growth rate of the starved group that was refed was higher than that of the fed group. Red blood cells, hematocrit, and hemoglobin showed no significant differences between the fed and starved groups. The cortisol and glucose levels of the fed group of juveniles were higher than those of the starved group. The cortisol levels of the starved group of adults were higher than those of the fed group, whereas the glucose levels of the starved group were lower than those of the fed group. These results suggest that the survival, growth, and hematological parameters used to reflect starvation and feeding in this study provide a useful index of physiological response and survival rate in red sea bream.

Fish Meal Replacement with a Mixture of Plant and Animal Protein Sources in Extruded Pellet (EP) Diet for Red Seabream Pagrus major at Low Water Temperature (저수온기 참돔(Pagrus major) EP사료 내 동·식물성단백질 혼합물의 어분 대체)

  • Lim, Jongho;Kim, Min-Gi;Lim, Hyunwoon;Lee, Bong-Joo;Lee, Seunghyung;Hur, Sang-Woo;Kim, Kang-Woong;Lee, Kyeong-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.54 no.3
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    • pp.350-357
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    • 2021
  • This study aimed to evaluate how fish meal (FM) replacement in diets with a mixture of animal and plant protein sources affect growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters and innate immunity of red seabream Pagrus major. A control FM diet was formulated to contain 65% FM (Con). Two other diets were prepared replacing FM in the control diet with a mixture of protein sources (wheat gluten, soy-protein concentrate, tankage meal, and poultry by-product meal) by 30 and 40% (FM30 and FM40, respectively). Total 300 red seabream (body weight, 77.6±0.3g) were distributed to 12 tanks (300 L) in 4 replicates per diet. The fish were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 19 weeks. After the feeding trial, no significant differences could be observed in growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters, innate immunity, and survivals among all the dietary treatments. This long-term feeding trial at low water temperature (13.8-17.5℃) indicates that a proper mixture ratio of wheat gluten, soy protein concentrate, tankage meal, and poultry by-product meal can replace FM up to 40% in red seabream diets.

Model Infrared Spectra for Evolving Red Supergiants

  • Suh, Kyung-Won
    • Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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    • 1993.04a
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    • pp.13-13
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    • 1993
  • The space and ground based infrared spectra of red supergiants are modeled and arranged in order of their evolutionary status with their theoretical model Parameters. Because of their large amplitude pulsation, the observational data taken at different phases show wide discrepancies. The chemical compositions of the dust shells around red supergiants are affected by the nuclearreactions and dredge-up processes of the cental stars. Those processes aresensitiTelr dependent on the initial ma:ss, the initial chemical coMposition,and the evolutionarr status. Miras, infrared carbon stars, and OHAR starshaTe a close link in their evolution iii many aspects, i.e. the chemicalcomposition, the optical depths and the mass loss rates. The evolutionarytracks for the three classes of red super91iants on infrared Huo-color diagamhave been constructed.

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A Study on the Evaluation of Economic Value of the Gulf of Mexico Recreational Red Grouper Fishery (여행비용모형 분석을 통한 유어(遊漁)활동의 경제적 가치 추정 -미국 멕시코만 Red Grouper 유어부문을 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Do-Hoon
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.36 no.2 s.68
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    • pp.121-134
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    • 2005
  • In order to evaluate the effectiveness of management measures and to provide policy suggestions for the allocation of total allowable catch between recreational and commercial sectors, the economic value of red grouper recreational fishery in the United States Gulf of Mexico was estimated using a Travel Cost Method(TCM), Due to the characteristic of count data, a Poisson model(PM) and a Negative binomial model(NBM) were used in the TCM. Results of models showed that the NBM was statistically more suitable than the PM since the overdispersion problem occurred in the PM. Results also indicated all signs of the estimated parameters were as expected and were significant, except for a Boat parameter in both models. Based on the results of NBM, the total economic value of the recreational red grouper fishery was estimated to be $\$698.6$ and the value per trip was $\$179.5$. In addition, the total changes in expected consumer surplus due to changes in catch rates was $ \$42.3$.

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Production of Red Pigments by Monascus purpureus in Solid-state Culture

  • Lee Bum-Kyu;Piao Hai Yan;Chung Wook-Jin
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 2002
  • To maximize and sustain the productivity of Monascus pigments, various environmental and nutritional parameters, such as the initial moisture content, pH, inoculum size, sample size, and nutrient supplement, that influence pigment production were evaluated in solid-state cultures as follows: initial moisture content, $50\%;$ pH, 6.0; inoculum size $1\;\times\;10^4$ spore cells $(grams\;of\;dry\;solid\;substrate)^{-1};$ sample size, 300 g. All supplementary nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources) added has inhibitory effects on the cell growth and red pigment production. In open tray culture the maximum biomass yield and specific productivity of red pigments were 223 mg DCW $(grams\;of\;initial\;dry\;substrate)^{-1}$ and, $47.6\;OD_{500}\;(DCW\;grams)^{-1}h^h{-1}$ respectively.

Safety of red ginseng oil for single oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats

  • Bak, Min-Ji;Kim, Kyu-Bong;Jun, Mira;Jeong, Woo-Sik
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.78-81
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    • 2014
  • The single oral administration of red ginseng oil (5000 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats induced no changes in behavioral patterns, clinical signs, and body weight, and hepatotoxicity parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase for 14 d. Therefore, these results suggest that the red ginseng oil is safe and nontoxic acutely.

INFRARED MODEL SPECTRA FOR EVOLVING RED SUPERGIANTS

  • Suh, Kyung-Won
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.25-35
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    • 1993
  • Stars lose their masses constantly after their birth, but the stellar mass loss is especially prominent in the last stages of their lives. It has been believed that red superginats are losing their masses at rates of 10-8∼10-4M/yr. They are known to be asymptotic giant branch stars that are at the end stages of the evolution for the stars with zero age main sequence masses of 1∼10M. Red supergiants are often characterized by the thick dust envelopes and large amplitude pulsations. According to their energy spectra, chemical composition, they are divided into three main group; M-type Miras, C-type carbon stars, and OH/IR stars. The purpose of this work is to clarify the evolutionary aspects in the physical parameters of the red supergiants mainly from the direct interpretation of their infrared spectra.

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