• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1993년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.18-26
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• 1993

When designing workplaces, controls should be placed within the reach of operator's arm or foot to guarantee effective performance. The aviation industry is perhaps the chief user of anthropometric data for its need to weight minimization and space optimization. In designing a workplace which must cater to a wide range of operator size, it might be sufficient to plan only for the 'average person'. Static arm reach measurements which are taken in conventional, standardized positions provide the necessary information, but they cannot be directly applied to dynamic situations. In this research, an approximate algorithm to generate the workspace of the human body including foot reach and trunk motion is proposed and tested. The robot kinematics was employed to represent the human body as a multi-link system.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between clinical balance scales and Balance Performance Monitor parameters in patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods : Twenty AIS subjects (age, $14.26{\pm}1.93yrs$; height, $160.56{\pm}7.98cm$; weight, $47.54{\pm}6.94kg$)were participated in this study. Postural sway(mean balance, sway angle, sway area, sway path, maximal sway velocity) were were evaluated by balance performance monitor. Measurements for clinical balance scales were Functional reach test (both side), the Lateral reach test (both side) and One leg standing test (both legs). Results : The results were as follows. There were positive strong correlation between major curve direction and left-right sway angle, sway path, maximal sway velocity. There were negative strong correlation between the functional reach and left-right sway angle, sway area, sway path, maximal sway velocity. And the lateral reach were also showed negative strong correlation parameters of balance performance monitor. One leg standing were negatively correlated with left-right sway angle, sway path, maximal sway velocity. Conclusion : The clinical balance scales will be useful tools for balance measurements, and basic tools for clinical setting for patient with AIS.

• 한국GIS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국GIS학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.306-311
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• 2010

수질모의에는 유속, 유량, 저수량, 체류시간의 자료를 비롯한 수심, 하폭, 유하거리, 수표면적과 등 다양한 수리학적 정보를 필요로 하며, 이러한 자료들은 수질모의의 기초자료로서 그 중요도와 활용도가 높게 나타나고 있다. 하지만 기초자료의 구축 방안 및 기준이 표준화되지 않아 각 기관별로 상이한 데이터를 보유하고 있으며, 기초자료의 선정에 따라 연구 결과가 달라지는 동 관련 연구의 신뢰도와 정확도에까지 영향을 미치고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수질모의에 주로 쓰이는 1차원 수질모의에 필요한 수리학적 기초자료의 체계화된 구축방안을 마련하고, 이를 GIS 데이터로 정의한 한국형 Stream Reach File의 구축방안을 제시하고자 한다. 우선 기존에 구축된 미국 EPA Reach File 구축사례를 기초로 하여 관련 자료의 분석과 속성 내역을 파악하고 국내 실정에 적합한 방안을 제시하였다. 본 설계안에 사용되는 기초자료는 기존에 구축된 자료를 최대한 활용하였으며, 필요에 따라 데이터 편집 과정을 수행토록 하였다. 본 연구 결과를 따라 실제 Stream Reach File을 구축할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 관련 연구의 체계화된 기초자료의 제공이 가능할 것이다. 또한, 향후 오염원데이터와 연계하여 수질오염총량관리제를 지원할 수 있으며, 다양한 정보와 결합하여 다차원적인 수질모의도 가능할 것이다 나아가 Reach File에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통해 개선사항 및 보완점을 도출하여 보다 발전되고 완성된 한국형 수리기초자료를 구축하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

In general, sitting balance is decreased in subjects with spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Functional Reach Test (FRT) which is used to measure sitting balance. The subjects of this study were 26 persons with spinal cord injury, and they were divided into three groups according to their injury level. Group I, II and III consisted of the following $C_5{\sim}C_8$ quadriplegics, $T_1{\sim}T_4$, and $T_9{\sim}T_12$ paraplegics, respectively. Subjects sat on a mat table that was set at an 80 degree inclination. During three sessions, the length subjects could reach in the FRT test was measured by three physical therapists, and compared to each other. The results showed that intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) were above 0.97 and inter-rater difference was not statistically significant. The one-way ANOVA demonstrated that reach differed between groups with lower thoracic lesion and the other test groups. In conclusion, we think modified FRT is useful and reliable method to measure the sitting balance in subjects with spinal cord injury.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

In this study, field surveys were performed for 12 stations in main stream of Hongjechun and 3 stations in 2 tributaries, respectively, in order to find out dried reaches of the stream, and to examine the water quality of the stream, and to suggest methods to improve the stream concerned into eco-stream. In the results of water quality in stream, however distinct difference for seasonal variation of the water quality was not found, the water quality of winter was relatively better than that of other seasons. Annual mean concentration of BOD was 6.5mg/L in the upper reach, 11.8mg/L in the middle reach, 15.3mg/L in the lower reach of main stream, and total mean was 12.5mg/L, while the BOD concentration was 3.6mg/L in the upper reach, and was 9.6mg/L in the low reach of Gukichun, the tributary. Based on flow examination, the level of water depth was so low and the flow can not be traveled downstream in the reach between ST-9 and ST-10 for low water season, whereas it was observed that the flow was traveling except the dry season even the water level was lower than that of adjacent stations.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.317-320
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed: to confirm the balance ability of patients with spinal cord injury in the sitting state through a functional reach test using an elastic aid; and to propose a balance improvement plan. Methods: The study evaluated seven patients with spinal cord injury who could maintain a sitting posture through minimum assistance. A functional reach test was performed before and after wearing an elastic aid while sitting on a chair, and the effects before and after use of the elastic aid were compared and analyzed through a motion analyzer. Results: In the functional reach test, the forward movement distance of the hand was 97.45 mm before wearing the elastic aid, but significantly increased to 131 mm after wearing the aid (p<0.05). Corresponding forward movement distances for the shoulder were 81.26 mm and 113 mm (p<0.05 for the increase). There was no statistically significant change in lateral functional arm extension. Conclusion: It was confirmed, through a functional reach test, that trunk stability in patients with spinal cord injury increased with use of an elastic aid. In future, more efficient rehabilitation treatment programs will be possible if trunk stability in patients with spinal cord injury is improved by using elastic aids, and if various exercise treatments are also included in the rehabilitation programs.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

우리나라는 2004년부터 오염총량관리가 가능한 수질오염총량관리제를 도입하였으며 지방자치단체는 수질모델을 이용하여 소유역별 기준배출부하량을 산정하고 있다. 그러나 수질모델의 입력자료 중 하천 모식도 작성은 대부분 수작업으로 이루어지고 있어 많은 시간과 비용이 투자된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 하천 네트워크 분석이 가능한 한국형 Reach File을 이용하여 수질모델의 모식도 작성을 자동화하는 알고리듬을 개발하고자 하였다. 또한 GIS를 활용하여 직선형태의 기존 모식도 대신 하천형태를 가지고 있는 모식도를 작성하였다. 이것은 오염원, 취수원 등 다양한 공간정보와 중첩하여 분석이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 우선적으로 한국형 Reach File의 선형 도형자료를 이용하여 동일한 거리를 가진 요소를 분할할 수 있는 요소 자동 분할 알고리듬을 개발하였다. 이후 한국형 Reach File의 점형 도형자료를 이용하여 수질모델 모식도의 순서와 유형을 자동으로 입력할 수 있는 요소 속성 자동입력 알고리듬을 개발하였다. 알고리듬을 검증하기 위해 개발된 알고리듬을 경안천 유역에 적용하고 그 결과를 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과 모식도 작성의 자동화가 가능하였으며 이는 수질모델링의 비용과 시간을 절약할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 향후 모식도를 이용한 수질모델 입력자료 자동작성 시스템 개발이 이루어진다면 빠르고 편리한 수질모델링이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2012

Purpose : In this study, stroke patients' limits of stability and functional reach test and tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius muscle of lower extremity muscle activities to evaluate the correlation. Methods : 30 adult stroke patients to participate in this study. Limits of stability were measured using biorescue, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle of muscles activities were measured with functional reach test when there was movement. Results : Limits of stability and functional reach test (r=0.753, p<0.01), RMS value of the limits of stability and tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.706, p<0.01), RMS value of the limits of stability and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.766, p<0.01), RMS value of the functional reach test and tibialis anterior muscle (r=0.835, p<0.01), RMS value of the functional reach test and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.663, p<0.01), RMS value of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle (r=0.816, p<0.01) correlations are shown as statistically significant. Conclusion : The balance and lower extremity muscle activities of stroke patients were studied, and were positively correlated with the RMS value of the limits of stability and functional reach test, tibialis anterior muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle. This study has shown that stroke patients' ankle joint muscle activity can greatly.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2018

Background: Despite muscle latency times and patterns were used as broad examination tools to diagnose disease and recovery, previous studies have not compared the dominant arm to the non-dominant arm in muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. Objects: The present study aimed to investigate dominant and non-dominant hand differences in muscle latency time and recruitment pattern during reaching and reach-to-grasp movements. In addition, by manipulating the speed of movement, we examined the effect of movement speed on neuromuscular control of both right and left hands. Methods: A total of 28 right-handed (measured by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) healthy subjects were recruited. We recorded surface electromyography muscle latency time and muscle recruitment patterns of four upper extremity muscles (i.e., anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, flexor digitorum superficialis, and extensor digitorum) from each left and right arm. Mixed-effect linear regression was used to detect differences between hands, reaching and reach-to-grasp, and the fast and preferred speed conditions. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle latency time between dominant and non-dominant hands or reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p>.05). However, there was a significantly longer muscle latency time in the preferred speed condition than the fast speed condition on both reaching and reach-to-grasp tasks (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings showed similar muscle latency time and muscle activation patterns with respect to movement speeds and tasks. Our findings hope to provide normative muscle physiology data for both right and left hands, thus aiding the understanding of the abnormal movements from patients and to develop appropriate rehabilitation strategies specific to dominant and non-dominant hands.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.173-173
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• 2015

The flood water level in tidal river is determined by the joint effects of flood discharge and tidal water levels at downstream boundary. Due to the variable tidal boundary conditions, the evaluated design water levels associated with a certain flood event can be significantly different. To avoid determining of design water levels just by a certain tidal boundary condition and remove the influence of variability in boundary condition from the evaluation of design water levels, a probabilistic approach is considered in this study. This study focuses on the development of a method to evaluate the realistic design water levels in tidal river with taking into account the combined effects of river discharge and tidal level. The flood water levels are described by the joint probability of two driving forces, river discharge and tidal water levels. The developed method is applied to determine design water levels for the tidal reach of the Han River. An unsteady flow model is used to simulate the flow in the reach. To determine design water levels associated with a certain flood event, first, possible boundary conditions are obtained by sampling starting times of tidal level time series; then for each tidal boundary condition, corresponding peak water levels along the channel are computed; and finally, design water levels are determined by computing the expectations of the peak water levels. Two types of tides which are composed by different constituents are assumed (one is composed by $M_2$, and the other one is composed by $M_2$ and $M_2$) at downstream boundary, and two flood events with different maximum flood discharges are considered in this study. It is found that (a) the computed design water levels with two assumed tides have no significant difference for a certain flood event, though variability of peak water levels due to the tidal effect is considerably different; (b) tidal effect can reach to the Jamsil submerged weir and the effect is obvious in the downstream reach of the Singok submerged weir; (c) in the tidally affected reach, the variability of peak water levels due to the tidal effect is greater if the maximum flood discharge is smaller.