• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2023

Background: The Friends and Family Test (FFT) developed by the UK National Health Service evaluates whether patients are satisfied with a service provided, where improvements are needed, and how likely patients are to recommend the intervention. Calculated from the FFT, the Net Promoter Score (NPS) creates a recommendation metric for treatment. The primary aim of this prospective study is to evaluate NPS for arthroscopic subacromial decompression (ASD) and rotator cuff repair (RCR). Secondary aims are to postoperatively evaluate 1-year changes in patients' Oxford Shoulder Scores (OSSs) in terms of the proportion of patients satisfied with their surgery and correlation with FFT. Methods: During a 2-year period, all patients undergoing ASD or RCR completed questionnaires prospectively. Collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 year. Results: NPSs were 31 for ASD (n=32) and 52 for RCR (n=39). OSSs increased by 4.3 and 6.9 for ASD and RCR, respectively (P<0.001). Overall, 75% of ASD and 77% of RCR patients were either "satisfied" or "very satisfied," respectively, with procedure outcomes. Scores from FFT had a positive correlation with improvement in OSS and satisfaction scores among patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgeries (P<0.001). Conclusions: The current study shows positive NPS outcomes in patients with ASD and RCR. Scores from FFT correlate well with both satisfaction and OSS among patients. NPS can be an adjunct to traditional patient-reported outcome measures to provide global evaluation of patient experiences to aid in determining the clinical value of common procedures in shoulder orthopaedics. Level of evidence: III.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.79-86
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• 2002

Rock mass classifications form the back bone of the empirical design approach and are widely employed in rock engineering. In this paper the inter-relations were discussed among RMR, Q-system, RCR, N, M-RMR, RMi, and L-RMR. Several relationships for the assessment of the modulus of deformation of rock mass, Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, cohesion and internal friction angle were also analysed and suggested.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2003

최근의 터널설계에 있어서 지보패턴 선정시 전기비저항탐사 결과를 효과적으로 황용하기 위하여 전기비 저항 역산결과와 암반분류와의 상관관계를 도출해 내고자 하는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 전기비저항탐사결과를 고려한 예상지보패턴과 실제로 시공된 지보패턴 결과를 비교한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 본 연구에서는 실제 터널굴진 상태에서 막장관찰에 기초한 암반분류 및 지보패턴 선정과 시공 전 수행한 전기비저항 탐사자료를 비교함으로씨 전기비저항 탐사 결과가 어느 정도의 신뢰도로 이용될 수 있는가를 살펴보고자 한다. 전기비저항 자료와 암반분류의 정량적인 상관성을 얻기 위하여 암반분류값으로 RMR(Rock mass rating)을 기본으로, RCR(rock condition rating), N(Rock mass number), Q-system 등을 이용하였다. 전기비저항탐사는 공간적 해상도가 낮기 때문에 후처리 과정으로 크리깅 기법을 사용하여 해상도를 향상시키고자 하였다. 상관도 분석 결과, 2차원 전기비저항탐사결과는 정성적인 경향을 살펴보는데 적합한 것으로 나타났다 3차원 전기비저항탐사 결과와의 상관관계는 매우 높은 것으로 나타나 신뢰도 높은 암반분류에 적용 가능하리라 예상된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.265-272
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• 2003

In this study, the rock mass classification results from the face mapping and the resistivity inversion data are compared and analyzed for the reliability investigation of the determination of the rock support type based on the surface electrical survey. To get the quantitative correlation, rock engineering indices such as RCR(rock condition rating), N(Rock mass number), Q-system based on RMR(rock mass rating) are calculated. Kriging method as a post processing technique for global optimization is used to improve its resolution. The result of correlation analysis shows that the geological condition estimated from 2D electrical resistivity survey is coincident globally with the trend of rock type except for a few local areas. The correlation between the results of 3D electrical resistivity survey and the rock mass classification turns out to be very high. It can be concluded that 3D electrical resistivity survey is powerful to set up the reliable rock support type.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.538-548
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• 2023

식물 천연추출물에서 항균력을 갖는 활성 물질을 분리하고 이를 구강 건강 관리 제품에 사용하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유기용매를 사용하여 독활과 우방자로부터 추출한 복합 화합물에 대한 구강 감염균인 Streptococcus mutans의 특정 유전자 발현 변화를 분석하여 항균 기작을 분석하고자 하였다. 전사체 분석 결과, 두 가지 천연추출물에 의해 다양한 대사 및 생리 작용과 연관된 유전자의 발현이 공통적으로 증가하거나 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 세 가지 유전자(SMU_1584c, SMU_2133c, SMU_921)는 공통적으로 높은 수준으로 발현되었으며, 특히 이 중 SMU_921 (rcrR)은 두 가지 sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS)의 전사 활성자로써 당원의 수송과 생물막 형성에 기여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한, 우방자 추출물에 비해 다수의 유전자 발현 변화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 독활 추출물의 성분 분석을 진행하였고, 활성 분획의 가스 크로마토그래피-질량분석법(GC-MS)을 통해 두 가지 활성 단일 물질을 동정하였다. 물질 분리 과정에서 여러 유기용매 분획 중 hexane층(ACEH)의 항균 활성이 가장 높게 관찰되었다. 다양종 미생물 군집을 사용한 실험결과, S. mutans에 대한 ACEH의 항균 특이성이 관찰되었으나, 상대적으로 S. sanguinis와 S. gordonii의 생균수도 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 독활 천연추출물의 광범위한 항균 활성을 시사하며, 동정한 단일 물질의 항균 기작을 분석하여 맞춤형 항균 소재 개발에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2009

Nosema sp. infection in the Indian tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta exerts a complex of influences on its host. The instar duration was extended significantly (P<0.001) except in $1^{st}$ instar. The infected larvae took about 48 days to reach the spinning stage against 40 days in the uninfected ones. The final weight attained by the larva at the end of each instar of development declined significantly following infection, as did weight gain and relative growth rate (RGR). The growth recorded/ day declined in infected larvae compared to uninfected ones from 8.2% during $1^{st}$ instar to 43.3% during $5^{th}$ instar. Food ingestion and digestion increased with advancement of the instar significantly irrespective of the status of the larvae but the relative consumption rate (RCR) declined. These parameters significantly declined in infected larvae (except food digested during $2^{nd}$ instar). The decline was more during $3^{rd}$ instar. In contrast, the approximate digestibility (AD %) was significantly higher in infected larvae than uninfected ones leaving the $1^{st}$ instar larvae unaffected. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change in a patterned way following the microsporidia (Nosema sp.) infection. The values of ECI significantly changed during $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $5^{th}$ instars; while the change in ECD during $2^{nd}$, $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ were significant. During the entire larval life all the parameters tends to decline significantly following microsporidia infection but AD registered a significant increase. Nosema sp. spore concentration has increased 270.7 times during larval development in the course of experimentation.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to systematically identify situations where exposure levels are expected to be high by structuring domestic lead measurement data according to exposure processes and activities. Methods: Occupational exposure data on lead was collected from the results of the Evaluation of Reliability of Working Environment Measurement conducted by the government from 2019 to 2020. Lead exposure characteristics were analyzed by PROC (process category) and activity. The Risk Characterization Ratios (RCRs) of five PROCs according to ventilation type and lead content were evaluated using the MEASE (Metal's EASE) model. Results: The exposure data on lead (n=250) was classified into 12 PROCs and 12 activities, with an average concentration of 0.040 mg/m³ and about 14% exceeding the occupational exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m³. Processes with high exposure levels were PROC 7 (industrial spraying), 23 (open processing and transfer operations of molten metal), 24 (mechanical treatment), 25 (welding), and 26 (handling of powder containing lead). The results of evaluating RCR for the five PROCs were greater than 1 or close to 1 even if local exhaust ventilation was used. Conclusions: There is a possibility that the concentration of exposure is high in the casting and tapping of molten metal containing lead, mechanical treatment such as fracturing and abrasion, handling of powder, spraying, battery manufacturing, and waste battery recycling processes. It is necessary to implement chemical management policies for workplaces with such processes.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.317-330
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• 2021

Objectives: By law, companies in Korea must periodically measure workers' exposure to harmful chemicals (the system is called the Work Environment Monitoring Program (WMP)[a]) and report the results to the government. The government also measures exposure to monitor the WMP's reliability (called Reliability Assessment (RA) for WMP[b]). The issue is that measured data from these two sources are so different that the objectivity of WMP needs to be confirmed by comparing the results using the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals' Targeted Risk Assessment (ECETOC TRA). Methods: Step 1: Data collection from WMP reports submitted by companies (n=586) and RA for WMP written by the government (n=33). Step 2: Data Standardization by key information included. Step 3: Data conversion to input-variables required to run the ECETOC TRA model, and run the model with specific data (n=514) which meet the predetermined exposure scenario. Step 4: Statistical data analysis by process category (PROC) and ventilation type from each source ([A] and [B]). Step 5: Additional analysis of any unexpected results. Results: The process categories of the production and handling of Dichloromethane were classified into 12 PROCs, and ten of them were selected to run ECETOC TRA. Modeled values tended to be higher than measured values from both sources. For the measured values from WMP, RCR distribution by PROC was narrow (0.197-0.267, 95% CI) and did not have a relationship with ventilation type, which differs from the tendency of the modeling result. Meanwhile, the measured values from RA for WMP were relatively widely distributed (0.301-1.177, 95% CI) by PROC. In particular PROCs (13,19) were high enough to exceed 1. Also, they become low with better ventilation types and appear differently depending on the ventilation type, similar to the model result. Conclusions: This study revealed that ECETOC TRA might have the potential to serve as a screening tool for exposure assessment and to be used as assistive method for WMP to estimate exposure. Further empirical study is required to confirm its availability as a screening tool.