• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권2A호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2006

탄소섬유보강재(CFRP)는 부식에 대한 저항성과 작은 중량에도 불구하고 높은 강도와 강성을 가지고 있어 토목구조물의 보강에 적합하다. 콘크리트 구조물 보강분야에 CFRP의 적용은 보강이 필요한 구조물들이 점점 증가하면서 점차적으로 확대되고 있다. 그러나, CFRP판을 표면에 부착하는 표면부착 공법으로 보강된 RC 부재들은 설계 시 예상되는 파괴하중보다 작은 하중에서 조기파괴가 발생하게 되어 새로운 보강방법의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 표면부착공법의 문제점은 CFRP판을 부착하기 전 긴장력을 도입함으로써 해결될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 길이가 3.3 m인 21개의 실험체를 CFRP판 을 이용하여 보강한 후에 4점 휨실험을 실시하였다. CFRP판은 긴장하지 않거나 CFRP판의 변형률을 0.4-0.8%까지 긴장하여 부착하였다. 단부정착 장치를 설치한 모든 실험체는 프리스트레싱 수준과 관계없이 CFRP판의 파단으로 파괴되었으나, 단 부정착 장치가 없는 실험체는 조기 부착파괴로 인해 탄소판이 콘크리트로부터 탈락하면서 파괴되었다. 균열 발생 하중은 프리스트레싱 수준과 비례적인 관계에 있었으나, 프리스트레스를 가한 CFRP판으로 보강한 실험체의 최대하중은 프리스트레싱 수준의 영향을 크게 받지 않았다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.149-172
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• 2007

An experimental study of five full-scale coupling beam specimens has been conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of strengthened RC coupling beams by bolted side steel plates using a reversed cyclic loading procedure. The strengthened coupling beams are fabricated with different plate thicknesses and shear connector arrangements to study their respective effects on load-carrying capacity, strength retention, stiffness degradation, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation ability. The study revealed that putting shear connectors along the span of coupling beams produces no significant improvement to the structural performance of the strengthened beams. Translational and rotational partial interactions of the shear connectors that would weaken the load-carrying capacity of the steel plates were observed and measured. The hierarchy of failure of concrete, steel plates, and shear connectors was identified. Furthermore, detailed effects of plate buckling and various arrangements of shear connectors on the post-peak behavior of the strengthened beams are discussed.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

This study is focused on modeling to predict the behavior of two-way RC slabs. A new finite element model will be presented to analyze the nonlinear behavior of RC slabs. The numerical approach is based on the p-version degenerate shell element including theory of anisotropic laminated composites, theory of materially and geometrically nonlinear plates. In the nonlinear formulation of this model, the total Lagrangian formulation is adopted with large deflections and moderate rotations being accounted for in the sense of von Karman hypothesis. The material model is based on the Kuper's yield criterion, hardening rule, and crushing condition. The validity of the proposed p-version nonlinear RC finite element model is demonstrated through the load-deflection curves and the ultimate loads. It is shown that the proposed model is able to adequately predict the deflection and ultimate load of two-way slabs with respect to steel arrangements and steel ratios.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.725-737
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• 2017

An analytical method considering axial equilibrium is proposed for the short- and long-term analyses of shear lag effect in reinforced concrete (RC) box girders. The axial equilibrium of box girders is taken into account by using an additional generalized displacement, referred to as the longitudinal displacement of the web. Three independent shear lag functions are introduced to describe different shear lag intensities of the top, bottom, and cantilever plates. The time-dependent material properties of the concrete are simulated by the age-adjusted effective modulus method (AEMM), while the reinforcement is assumed to behave in a linear-elastic fashion. The differential equations are derived based on the longitudinal displacement of the web, the vertical displacement of the cross section, and the shear lag functions of the flanges. The time-dependent expressions of the generalized displacements are then deduced for box girders subjected to uniformly distributed loads. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated against the finite element results regarding the short- and long-term responses of a simply-supported RC box girder. Furthermore, creep analyses considering and neglecting shrinkage are performed to quantify the time effects on the long-term behavior of a continuous RC box girder. The results show that the proposed method can well evaluate both the short- and long-term behavior of box girders, and that concrete shrinkage has a considerable impact on the concrete stresses and internal forces, while concrete creep can remarkably affect the long-term deflections.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권3호
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• pp.417-430
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• 2023

As the key part in the reinforced concrete column-steel beam (RCS) frame, the beam-column joints are usually subjected the axial force, shear force and bending moment under seismic actions. With the aim to study the seismic behavior of RCS joints with and without RC slab, the quasi-static cyclic tests results, including hysteretic curves, slab crack development, failure mode, strain distributions, etc. were discussed in detail. It is shown that the composite action between steel beam and RC slab can significantly enhance the initial stiffness and loading capacity, but lead to a changing of the failure mode from beam flexural failure to the joint shear failure. Based on the analysis of shear failure mechanism, the calculation formula accounting for the influence of RC slab was proposed to estimate shear strength of RCS joint. In addition, the finite element model (FEM) was developed by ABAQUS and a series of parametric analysis model with RC slab was conducted to investigate the influence of the face plates thickness, slab reinforcement diameter, beam web strength and inner concrete strength on the shear strength of joints. Finally, the proposed formula in this paper is verified by the experiment and FEM parametric analysis results.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1987

This paper suggests a method for the analysis of box girders which are subject to the membrane and the plate bending actions, Moreover, the method is applied to the box girders under distributed loads which have various geometrical types of cross sections and are made out of different materials. The approach is based on the finite element technique in which the structure is considered to be a spatial assemblage of flat plate elements and the deformations of the plates are to be approximated with 9-noded parabolic isoparametric elements. The results are summarized as follows. 1.In all models, the larger the widths of top flange inside of web are, the larger the vertical deflections are. 2.The maximum transverse and longitudinal moments in the composite box girders are judged to be larger than those in the RC box girders. 3.The transverse and the longitudinal moments in top flange of composite box. girders are larger than those in that of the RC box girders. 4.The transverse and longitudinal moments in web and bottom flange of the composite box girders are estimated to be very small in compare to those in web and bottom flange of the RC box girders.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

This experimental study was conducted to investigate beam strengthening of RC buildings with expended steel plate(ESP) in rural area. Nine test specimens were manufactured, whose variables were tensile steel ratio and the amount and the shape of expanded steel plate. The test results indicated that strengthened beams with ESP showed the improvement of flexural strength of 50%~90%, and the beam strengthening of U type was excellent for shear reinforcement as well as flexural reinforcement, more over, the honeycomb shape of ESP and anchor bolts for development of ESP were very effective.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.171-186
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• 2002

Static and dynamic penetration tests of reinforced concrete (RC) slab specimens are described and discussed. The experimental study was aimed at a better understanding of mechanisms that are involved in dynamic penetration, through their identification in static tests, and by establishing their relative influence in similar dynamic cases. The RC specimens were $80{\times}80-cm$ square plates, and they were made of 30 MPa concrete. The non-deforming steel penetrator was a 50-mm diameter steel rod with a conical nose of 1.5 aspect ratio. Impact penetration tests were carried out with an air gun, which launched the projectiles at velocities of up to 300 m/sec. The static tests were conducted using a closed loop displacement control actuator, where the penetrator was pushed at a constant rate of displacement into the specimen. The static tests reveal important mechanisms that govern the penetration process and therefore contribute to a better understanding of RC barriers resistance to non-deforming projectiles impact.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제91권3호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2024

With the aim to provide better predication about fracture behavior, a numerical simulating strategy based on the rigid spring model is proposed for reinforced concrete (RC) structures in this study. According to the proposed strategy, concrete is partitioned into a series of irregular rigid blocks based on the Voronoi diagram, which are connected by interface springs. Steel bars are simulated by bar elements, and the bond slip element is defined at bar element nodes to describe the interaction between reinforcement and concrete. A concrete damage evolution model based on the separation criterion is adopted to describe the weakening process of interface spring between adjacent blocks, while a nonlinear bond slip model is introduced to simulate the synergy behaviour of reinforced steel bars and concrete. In the damage evolution model of concrete, the influence of compressive stress perpendicular to the interface on the shear strength is considered. To check the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed modelling, experimental and numerical studies about a simply-supported RC beam and the two-notched concrete plates in Nooru-Mohamed's experiment are conducted, and the grid sensitivity are investigated.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.63-68
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• 2001

It is now common practice to strengthen reinforced concrete beams by steel plates to their tention surfaces. Such plated beams are designed for flexure using conventional prediction equation and assumption that full bond will be developed between the concrete and the plates. Very advanced design rules have already been developed at the University of Adelaide for adhesive bonding steel plates to reinforced concrete beams in order to prevent premature debonding. This work on plated continuous reinforced concrete beams is to determine experimentally whether these design rules, that were developed for steel plated simply supported beams, could be applied to steel and FRP plated continuous beams. This paper also suggests how to increase the ductility of plated beams.