• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.474-483
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• 2004

To know the effects between Cd inhalation toxicity and extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, 4 rat groups were exposed to Cd aerosol in air using whole-body inhalation exposure for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, and 4 weeks. Cd concentration in air was 1.03㎎/㎥ and mass median diameter(MMD) was 1.69㎛. 3 different dose intraperitoneal injections of extract of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae to 3 inhalation exposure groups was done for 4 weeks and the results were as follows: The highest body weight gain for 4 weeks and food intake per day were from inhalation exposure group I and the highest lung and liver weight were also from inhalation exposure group I. The highest kidney weight was from inhalation exposure group III. The lowest Cd content in lung was 33.49㎍/g from inhalation exposure group I. The lowest Cd concentration in blood was 9.36㎍/㎗ from inhalation exposure control. Cd concentrations of 40.02㎍/g in liver and 69.18㎍/g in kidney were the lowest from inhalation exposure group I and III, respectively. The lowest Cd concentration in liver was 21.08㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III and The lowest Cd concentration in kidney was 15.78㎍/g from inhalation exposure group II. For weekly Cd concentration in urine, the value of the fourth week from inhalation exposure group III was the highest. For weekly Cd concentration in feces, the value of the first week from inhalation exposure group III was the highest. The highest metallothionein concentration in lung was 53.42 ㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III and the highest metallothionein concentration in liver was 188.18㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III. The highest metallothionein concentration in kidney was 143.92㎍/g from inhalation exposure group III. The highest Hct, Hb, and WBC values were from inhalation exposure group II and the highest RBC value was from inhalation exposure group III.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2003

본 연구는 사람 조혈촉진유전자(hEPO)가 도입된 형질전환돼지 Fl 수컷과 암컷간 교배로 F2 생산시, Fl 모돈에 대한 임신기간(약 114일)내 혈액조성(적혈구, 백혈구, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit value, MCV, MCH, MCHC, 혈소판) 변화를 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험에 이용된 암퇘지는 형질전환 F1 암컷 2마리와 일반돼지 1마리였고 교배와 동시에 임신기간동안(114일) 5일 간격으로 5ml의 혈액을 경정맥(jugular vein)에서 채취하였으며 혈액조성분석은 Celltac MEK 5108K(Nihon Kohden, Japan)를 이용하였는데 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 임신기간중 혈액내 백혈구의 변화는 일반돼지의 경우 13.8($\pm$2.4)$\times$$10^3$/ul 로임신기간내에 일정한 변화양상을 보였으나 형질전환돼지의 경우 29.4($\pm$19.4)$\times$$10^3$와 22.5($\pm$14.1)$\times$$10^3$/ul 으로 일반돼지보다는 높게 나타났으며 임신기간내에 매우 높은 변화 양상을 나타내었다. 또한 적혈구는 일반돼지(7.2$\pm$0.7 $\times$$10^{6}$/ul)에 비하여 형질전환돼지(11.5$\pm$0.5 와 11.9$\pm$0.5 $\times$$10^{6}$ul)에서 매우 높게 나타났으며 변화양상은 일반돼지와 마찬가지로 작게 나타났다. 적혈구와 함께 Hemoglobin(Hb)과 평균혈구용적율(Hematocrit value ;, HCT) 모두 형질전환돼지가 일반돼지보다 높게 나타났으며 변화양상 또한 작게 나타남으로서 사람 조혈촉진유전자(hEPO)가 형질전환된 돼지에서는 지속적으로 발현되어 조혈촉진이 이루어지고 있으며, 조혈촉진에 의해 헤모글로빈 및 적혈구가 생성되어 혈액내 높은 혈구용적율(HCT)을 이루고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 적혈구 평균용적(Mean Corpuscular Volume ; MCV), 평균적혈구혈색소량(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ; MCH), 평균적혈구혈색소농도(Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration ; MCHC) 그리고 혈소판(Platelets) 분석결과 형질전환돼지가 일반돼지보다 약간 높은 수치를 나타냈으며 변화양상 또한 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 시험분석결과를 토대로 사람 조혈촉진유전자(hEPO)가 형질전환된 돼지는 유즙으로 발현할 수 있도록 형질전환 되었음에도 불구하고 헤모글로빈 및 적혈구가 증가함으로서 형질전환돼지 개체의 혈장으로도 사람 조혈촉진인자가 분비하고 있음을 간접적으로 알 수 있었다. 정상돼지 보다 형질전환돼지가 약 30% 높은HCT 수준을 보였으며 이러한 현상은 사람에서는 적혈구증다증(erythrocytosis)으로 분류되고 있다. 이에 대한 고찰은 형질전환돼지 자체의 생리적 문제점(side effects)에 대한 해결과 더불어 기존의 인간질병에 대한 모델동물로서의 이용 가능성을 제시할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

In dogs, correct diagnosis of estrus is important and the exact time of ovulation can be determined by variouse methods. Vaginal cytology has commonly used in conjunction with the physical examination, clinical history, vaginoscopy, and hormonal assays to determine the stage of the reproductive cycle. This study was therefore investigated the effectiveness of direct ovulation detector designed by changes of electrical resistance in vaginal mucus following different estrus cycles with several methods; vaginal cytology, concentration of plasma estrogen and progesterone, and direct examination by laparotomy. A total of 12 bitches was selected for the study and observed estrus signs. The bitches were evaluated clinical sign (vulvar swelling and bleeding), cytological examination (keratocyte and RBC), electrical resistance, plasma estrogen and progesterone concentration for estrus assessment. Accuracy of ovulation detection by vaginal cytology was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those by electrical resistance and plasma progesterone concentration, based on the confirmation by laparotomy. Vaginal smear is not confidential method compared to detection of electrical resistance and plasma progesterone concentration at ovulation. Although the value of electrical resistance was varied at the same points of estrus in individuals, ovulation was occurred at the first day which shown the peak of electrical resistance and mating time was third day after peak. In conclusion, ovulation detector designed by changes of electrical resistance is an effective and economic instrument for predicting estrus and ovulation in bitches.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

A survey on the prevalence of heartworms, scabies and demodicosis of 1,011 pet dogs in 5 animal hospitals Jeonju area was peformed from June to October 2004. The result obtained from this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. The 1,011 pet dogs coming to help the animal hospital more than disease of pleonephritis 62($6.1\%$), enteritis 75($7.4\%$), dermatitis 62($6.1\%$), scabies 55($5.4\%$), heartworms 43($4.3\%$), tympanitis 41($4.1\%$), demodicosis 22($2.2\%$), gastritis 21($2.2\%$), fracture 9($0.9\%$), respectively. 2. The 307 examined pet dogs were heartworms antigen positive to 43($14.0\%$), Microfilaria 31($10.1\%$) and the kinds of mixed breeds 34 (antigen and Microfilaria 12), Jindo 19 (antigen 7, Microfilaria 6), respectively. 3. Heartworms antigen positive of examined 34 pet dogs mean ages 4.3 and general blood cell count mean of WBC $20.5{\times}10^3/mm^3$, RBC $61.3{\times}10^6/mm^3$ HGB $6.27g/d{\ell}$ HCT $20.9\%$, PLT $13.0{\times}10^3/mm^3$, MCV $33.2{\mu}m^3$, MCH 39.4pg, MCHC $14.8g/d{\ell}$, RDW $280.1\%$, MPV $9.2{\mu}m^3$, respectively. but showed a few high normal value WBC, MCV, MCH and a low MCHC. 4. This experiment was 1,011 pet dogs to dermatitis 139($13.7\%$) of scabies 55($39.6\%$), demodicosis 22($15.8\%$), respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2008

Protein-energy malnutrition is regarded as one of the public health problems in developing countries as a result of poor feeding practices due to poverty. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating nutritional quality of a potential weaning food formulated from locally available food materials. The cooking banana fruit(CB) and bambara groundnut seeds(BG) were purchased from local market in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The CB and BG were processed into flours, mixed in ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 and subjected into proximate, sensory and biochemical analyses using standard procedures. Nutrend(a commercial formula) and ogi(corn gruel, a traditional weaning food) were used as control. The nutritient composition(g/100 g) of the food samples were ranged as follows: moisture 2.94-6.94, protein 7.02-16.0, ash 1.76-2.99, fat 0.76-8.45, fibre 1.52-3.75, carbohydrate 63.84-88.43 and energy 1569.8-1665.7 kcal. The biological value(BV), net protein retention(NPR), protein efficiency ratio(PER) and feed efficiency ratio(FER) of the experimental food samples were significantly(p<0.05) lower than nutrend, but higher than ogi. The haematological variables of rats fed with formulated food samples, commercial formula(nutrend) and traditional weaning food(ogi) were not significantly(p>0.05) influenced by the dietary treatment. However, the values obtained for red blood cell(RBC), white blood cell(WBC), pack cell volume(PCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) were higher in the experimental food samples than the commercial food. The growth rate of animals fed with experimental food samples were lower than those fed with the nutrend, but higher than those fed with ogi. In conclusion, the nutritional quality of CB and fermented BG mix of 60:40 ratio was better than ogi; and comparable to the nutrend. This implies that it can be used to replace low quality traditional weaning food and the expensive commercial weaning formula.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 2016

The establishment of a DNA barcode database at the regional scale and assessments of the utility of DNA barcodes are crucial for conservation biology and for the sustainable utilization of biological resources. Schisandraceae is a small family consisting of ca. 45 species. It contains many economically important species, such as Schisandra chinensis, which is widely used as a source in tonic beverages and in oriental medicine. In Korea, three species, S. chinensis, S. repanda, and Kadsura japonica, are distributed. We evaluated the level of variation of the DNA sequences of rbcL, matK, and the ITS regions from 13 accessions representing the distributional range of the three species. The three DNA barcode regions were easily amplified and sequenced. The minimum values of the interspecific genetic distances among S. chinensis, S. repanda, and K. japonica either separately or in combination are 4- to 23-fold higher than the maximum value of the intraspecific distance, showing that there is a clear DNA barcoding gap in the regions for Korean Schisandraceae. Phylogenetic analyses of the three DNA barcode regions, separately and simultaneously, indicate that all of the DNA barcode regions are useful for identifying a species of Schisandraceae in Korea. The distinctiveness of the three species of Schisandraceae was also supported at the species level when Chinese and Japanese populations were added. The results of this study indicate that three concatenated regions constitute the best option for DNA barcoding in Schisandraceae in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-113
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• 2006

Normal reference values for hematological parameters were evaluated using 85 male Elk deer reared in Korea. The reference interval estimated were 6.01-9.93 (${\times}10^6/mm^3$) for the red blood cell count, 10.90-19.70 (g/dl) for the hemoglobin concentration, 43.10-76.40 (%) for the hematocrit value, and 2.60-7.68 (${\times}10^6/mm^3$) for the total white blood cell count. Our estimates were compared with previously reported values for these parameters in Korea and other countries.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2005

The toxic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on haematological parameters in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) after chronic exposure to dietary PCP (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg diet) for 2, 4 and 6 weeks were studied. A significant decrease in total RBC count, haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value was noted in fish exposed to PCP compared to the non-exposed fish. The PCP treatment group showed significantly lower concentration of serum total protein and albumin, and significantly higher serum chloride, magnesium and total bilirubin levels compared with those in the control group. However, PCP had no major effects on serum glucose, total cholesterol, phosphate and calcium ions in flounder. These results demonstrated that PCP have induced adverse haematological impacts in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Because we found damages in blood-forming function and disruption in blood homeostasis due to chronic exposure to PCP, it is needed to develop further experimental studies for the risk assessment of this environmental pollutant.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-33
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• 1992

In order to observe clinical effect of Gamikeguntang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯), I reached following conclusion through the clinical pathology and physicohemical investigation, The following results were obtained. 1) The amplirude on AVL lead which is observed in ECG was increased significantly both in medication group of Gamikegungtang (加味柱芎湯) and of Gamikegungtang(加味歸脾湯). 2) In Hematology, the values of RBC, Hb and Hct are totally increased in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). 3) In serum Lipid, Total cholesterol and Tryglyceride are significantly decreased and HDL-cholesteral is significantly increased both in medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). Especiay, HDL-cholesterol is remarkably increased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯). 4) The serum Bile acid is remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯), but is not in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). 5) The value of Cardiac enzyme is remarkably decreased both in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and Gamikuyibitnag(加味歸脾湯). especially, in the group of Gamikuybitang(加味歸脾湯). 6) In determination of LDH isoenzyme, $LD_4$ is remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) and $LD_1\;LD_2$ are remarkably decreased in the medication group of Gamikuyibitang(加味歸脾湯). In view of the result so far achieved, I knew that Gamikegungtang(加味柱芎湯) had an indirect effect on Palpitation which is called mental disorder by means of treatment of liver and gall bladder disease, and that Gamiluyibitang(加味歸脾湯) make increase activation of heart whose blood is deficient( 心血不足). In conclusion, I think that we need comparative studies between the main prescription of Kegungtang(柱芎湯). Kuyibitnag(歸脾湯) and the additional prescription of them from now on.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.3 s.108
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• pp.313-318
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• 2004

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer known to be a suspected xenoestrogen and a causative agent of oxidative damage to the RBC cell membrane ir vitro. We evaluated the toxic effects of a scarcely documented aquatic environmental pollutant, DEHP, on selected haematological endpoints in the bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Bagrid catfish were exposed to DEHP (300, 1,000 mg DEHP kg body weight$^{-1}$) through thrice intraperitoneal injection and effects were assessed in blood of the exposed organisms. Haematological property, serum organic and inorganic chemistry were monitored in blood of Bagrid catfish. DEHP exposed-fish showed erythropenia; low hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) content and red blood cell count showed a significantly higher than in that of the control group. The treatment group showed a significantly lower concentration of serum total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride compared with those in the control group. The value of calcium and osmolality were significantly decreased in the DEHP treatment group, compared with the control group.