• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.177-192
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• 2002

Computation solutions for the flow around a cube, which were generated as part of the Computational Wind Engineering 2000 Conference Competition, are compared with full-scale measurements. The three solutions shown all use the RANS approach to predict mean flow fields. The major differences appear to be related to the use of the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$, the MMK $k-{\varepsilon}$ and the RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence models. The inlet conditions chosen by the three modellers illustrate one of the dilemmas faced in computational wind engineering. While all modeller matched the inlet velocity profile to the full-scale profile, only one of the modellers chose to match the full-scale turbulence data. This approach led to a boundary layer that was not in equilibrium. The approach taken by the other modeller was to specify lower inlet turbulent kinetic energy level, which are more consistent with the turbulence models chosen and lead to a homogeneous boundary layer. For the $0^{\circ}$ case, wind normal to one face of the cube, it is shown that the RNG solution is closest to the full-scale data. This result appears to be associated with the RNG solution showing the correct flow separation and reattachment on the roof. The other solutions show either excessive separation (MMK) or no separation at all (K-E). For the $45^{\circ}$ case the three solutions are fairly similar. None of them correctly predicting the high suctions along the windward edges of the roof. In general the velocity components are more accurately predicted than the pressures. However in all cases the turbulence levels are poorly matched, with all of the solutions failing to match the high turbulence levels measured around the edges of separated flows. Although all of the computational solutions have deficiencies, the variability of results is shown to be similar to that which has been obtained with a similar comparative wind tunnel study. This suggests that the computational solutions are only slightly less reliable than the wind tunnel.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2013

Panel methods are essential tools for analyzing a fluid-flow problem around complex three dimensional bodies, but they lack ability to solve viscous effects. On the other hand, CFD methods are considered as powerful tools for analyzing fluid-flow characteristics including viscosity. However, they also have short falls, requiring more computing time and showing different results depending on the selection of turbulence models and grid systems. In this paper a hybrid scheme combining a panel method and a CFD method is suggested. The scheme adopts a panel method for far-field solution where viscous effects are negligible and a CFD method for the solution of RANS equations in near-field where viscous effects are relatively strong. The intermediate region between the far-field and near-field is introduced where the calculated field point velocities by the panel method are given as boundary velocities for the CFD method. To verify the scheme, calculated results, by a panel method, a CFD method and the hybrid scheme, for a two dimensional foil section are compared. The suggested hybrid scheme gives reasonable results, while computation time and memory can be dramatically reduced. By using the hybrid scheme efforts can be concentrated for the local flow near the leading and trailing edges, by providing more dense grid system, where detailed flow characteristics are required.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2011

A RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) based numerical method is developed for the evaluation of ship resistance and self-propulsion performances. In the usability aspect of CFD for the hull form design, the field grid around practical hull forms is generated by solving a grid Poisson equation based on the hull surface grid generated from station offsets and centerline profile. A body force technique is introduced to model the effects of the propeller in which the propeller loads are obtained from potential flow analysis using an unsteady lifting surface method. The free surface is captured by using a two-phase level-set method and the realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is used for turbulence closure. The hull attitude in vertical plane, i.e., trim and sinkage, is calculated by using a quasi-steady method and then considered in the computation by translating and rotating the grid system according to the values. For the validation of the proposed method, the numerical results of resistance tests for KCS, KLNG, and KVLCC1 and of self-propulsion test for KCS are compared with experimental data.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.36-54
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• 2008

A jet stream applied tangential to a curved surface in fluid increases lift force by strengthening circulation around the surface and this phenomenon is known as the Coanda effect. Many experimental and numerical studies have been performed on the Coanda effect and the results found to be useful in various fields of aerodynamics. Recently, preliminary studies on Coanda control surface are in progress to look for practical application in marine hydrodynamics since various control surfaces are used to control behaviors of ships and offshore structures. In the present study, the performance of a Coanda control surface with different geometries of the jet injection nozzle was surveyed to assess applicability to ship rudders. A numerical simulation was carried out to study flow characteristics around a section of a horn type rudder subjected to a tangential jet stream. The RANS equations, discretized by a cell-centered finite volume method were used for this computation after verification by comparing to the experimental data available. Special attentions have been given to the sensitivity of the lift performance of a Coanda rudder to the location of the slit (outlet) and intake of the gap between the horn and rudder surface at the various angles of attack. It is found that the location of the water intake is important in enhancing the lift because the gap functions as a conduit of nozzle generating a jet sheet on the rudder surface.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.545-555
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• 2012

컴퓨터 기술의 발달과 더불어 수치해석을 이용한 파랑변형에 대한 연구는 꾸준히 발전하고 있으며 점점 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있다. 하지만 수치모형을 이용한 연구에는 다양한 문제점이 발생할 우려가 있는데, 그 중 가장 빈번하게 발생하는 문제 중의 하나가 파랑의 조파지점에서 발생하는 수치수조내로의 재반사 문제이다. 재반사를 막기 위한 방법으로는 내부조파 기법을 이용하는 것이 일반적이다. Navier-Stokes 방정식 모형에서는 질량 원천항을 이용한 내부조파 기법을 주로 사용해 왔으나, 기존의 연구는 대부분 연직 2차원 수치모형을 이용한 연구에 국한되어 있었다. 그러나 3차원 수치모형을 이용한 연구가 점차 활발해지면서 3차원 Navier-Stokes 방정식 모형의 내부조파 기법에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 최근 RANS(Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes) 방정식 모형에서 Boussinesq 방정식의 운동량 원천항을 활용하여 파랑을 내부조파하는 기법이 발표되어 3차원 공간에서 경사지게 입사하는 파랑을 성공적으로 재현하였다. 본 연구에서는 LES(large eddy simulation) 기반의 3차원 Navier-Stokes 방정식 수치모형에 운동량 원천항을 이용한 내부조파 기법을 적용하여 목표파랑을 조파하고 해석해와 비교하여 이를 검증하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2021

공동 유동과 이로 인한 소음에 관한 대부분의 기존 연구들은 효율성이라는 장점 때문에 비압축성 가정의 검증 없이 비압축성 Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes 방정식에 기반한 수치 해석 방법을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 지금까지 비압축성 가정이 공동 유동과 소음의 예측에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구가 전무한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 날개 끝 와류공동 유동과 소음에 대한 유체의 압축성 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 날개 끝 와류 공동을 대상으로 비압축성 기반의 해석과 압축성 기반의 해석을 모두 수행하고, Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) 음향상사법을 적용하여 공동 소음을 예측하고 비교하였다. 상류 방향의 유동 영향을 고려하기 위하여, 스큐각이 17°인 수중 추진기를 장착한 DARPA Suboff 잠수함 몸체를 고려하였다. 해석 영역은 실험결과와의 비교를 위하여 선박해양플랜트연구소에서 보유하고 있는 대형 캐비테이션 터널의 시험부와 동일하게 설정하였다. 날개 끝 와류 공동을 정확하게 예측하기 위하여 고정확도의 비정상 상태 지연박리와류모사 해석방법을 적응형 격자 기법과 연계하여 사용하였다. 압축성 유동 해석기법을 이용하여 예측한 음향 스펙트럼이 실험결과와 더 일치하는 결과를 확인하였다.