• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2015

Purpose: This study investigated whether the strength imbalance between two muscles can affect the score of EMG based biofeedback game, and whether the EMG based biofeedback game score can be used as predictable indicator of the degree of muscle balance alternating the conventional strength measuring equipment. Methods: 40 participated in this study. Biodex was used to measure the peak torque/weight in order to calculate the muscle strength balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor of ankle joint. And muscle balance index (MBI) was calculated. The EMG biofeedback game scores of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor were acquired, so that the EMG electrodes were attached at tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius. The relationship between the game score and the muscle balance index were analyzed. Results: There was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the peak torque/weight of plantar flexor (r=-0.70). And there was negative correlation between the muscle balance index between plantar flexor and dorsiflexor and the game score of plantar flexor (r=-0.83). Conclusion: The EMG biofeedback game score had significant relationship with muscle imbalance at ankle joint, so it seems that the game score can be used for predicting the degree of muscle imbalance as a parameter.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.334-340
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of skater exercise on cardiopulmonary fitness and balance function in patients with mild chronic stroke. Methods: A total of ten chronic stroke patients with mild neurologic deficits were recruited. The participants were divided into two groups, a skater exercise (n=5) and a control group (n=5). Skater exercise was performed by physical therapists in the experimental group, whereas patients in the control group conducted self-exercise. One session of the intervention was carried out for 30 minutes, three times per week for eight weeks. Cardiopulmonary function, falling index, and Euro-Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: No side effects were reported during and after skater exercise intervention. The peak aerobic capacity, falling index, and EQ-5D improved significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group after eight weeks of skater exercise (p=0.002, p=0.010, and p=0.006). Significant relationships were identified between the change in EQ-5D and peak aerobic capacity (R2=0.75, p=0.002)/falling index (R2=0.65, p=0.002). Conclusion: Skater exercise was an effective physical therapy to improve cardiopulmonary fitness and balance function in patients with mild chronic stroke.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify the runoff characteristics of non-point source according to rainfall in Dalseo and Daemyung watershed. Land-uses of the Dalseo and Daemyung watershed were surveyed to urban $72.1\%$ and mountainous $6.7\%$, and urban $49.3\%$ and mountainous $20.5\%$, respectively Mean runoff coefficients in each area were estimated to Dalseo watershed 0.49 and Daemyung watershed 0.16. In the relationship between the rainfall and peak-flow correlation coefficients(r) were determined to Dalseo watershed 0.9060 and Daemyung watershed 0.5620. In the relationship between the antecedent dry period and flrst flow runoff correlation coefficients(r) were determined to Dalseo watershed 0.7217 and Daemyung watershed 0.2464. In the relationship between the rainfall and watershed loading, exponent values of SS in Dalseo and Daemyung watershed were estimated to 0.54 and 0.496, respectively.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.211-216
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• 2014

Construction of power plants and T&D facilities is so difficult because of the civil complaints and the additional cost according to the concerning field conditions. Therefore, various researches and methods have been considered to get solutions in the demand side and energy storage systems have been in the spotlight because of the various functions such as peak shaving, load shifting, and power system stabilizing, and so on. Residential small size batteries are considered in this paper and the economic analysis is carried out to evaluate the reasonable subsidy levels for the deployment of energy storage systems. Various economic parties are considered to find reasonable subsidy level comparing each other, which parties consist of utilities, participants and non-participants in general. The evaluation is based on California Standard Practice Test and the results are able to be used as subsidy guidelines.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2009

The flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process is one of the most frequently employed and important welding process due to high productivity and excellent workability. The process is performed either as an automated process or as a semi-automatic process. In FCAW process, welding voltage has been considered as a qualitative indication of arc length. But it is necessary to let welding operators know, maintain and manage the arc length directly by estimating and displaying it. In this study, to develop arc length estimation technique, we measured a welding circuit resistance($R_sc$) and then we calculated welding circuit voltage drop($V_sc$). Also, we measured arc peak voltage($V_ap$). By subtracting $V_sc$ from $V_arc$, we can easily calculate net arc voltage drop($V_arc$). Consequently, we suggested arc length estimating equation and basic algorithm by regressive analyzing the relationship between net arc voltage drop($V_arc$) and real arc length(Larc) measured by high speed camera. Therefore, arc length can be predicted by just monitoring welding current and voltage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2002

Pollen analyses and $^{14}$ C dating of the sediments of the Akindonuma moor, which is situated in a closed depression of an old landslide, were peformed in order to study the vegetation history of the montane zone of the Miyagi Prefecture, Northeast Japan. The main results are as follows: Two forest zones have been distinguished: 1) the A-I zone, or the Fagus-Quercus-Betula forest (R I stage, before about 11,700 yrs B.P.), and 2) the A-II zone, or the Fagus-Quercus forest (R II stage, after about 11,700 yrs B.P.). By comparing the geological section with the pollen diagram of the moor, it is assumed that the deposit environment of the Middle Part, which mostly consists of peat layers, is very stable. During the period, the Ulmus/Zelfkova pollen ratio was very low and small peak was not recognized. According to the preceding research, theme is a close relationship between the fluctuation of the Ulmus/Zelkova pollen ratio and the general trend of hillslope instability in the changing balance of temporature and precipitation Actually, Zelkova serrata tends to cover the footslope and the lower sideslope. Ulmus davidiana covers the footslope and the alluvial cone. Therefore, the fact that the Ulmus/Zeikova pollen ratio was very low and small peak was not recognized, is believed to reflect the stability of the earth's surface environment, which was estimated from the geological section.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1996

Taq DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus has been shown to be very useful in the polymerase chain reaction method, which is being used for amplifying DNA. Not only does Taq DNA polymerase have high commercial value commercial value for the polymerase chain reaction application, but it is also important in studying DNA replication, because it is apparently an homologue to E. coli DNA polymerase I, which has long been used for DNA replication study (Lawyer et ai., 1993). The crystal structure determination of Taq DNA polymerase was initiated. An X-ray diffraction pattern breaks down a crystal structure into discrete sine waves in a Fourier series. The original shape of a crystal object in terms of electron density may be represented as the sum of those sine waves with varying amplitudes and phases in three dimensions. The molecular replacement method was initially employed to provide phase information for the structure of Taq DNA polymerase. The rotation search using the program MERLOT resulted in a solution peak with 5.4 r.m.s. PC-refinement of the X-PLOR program verified the result and also optimized the orientation angles. Next, the translation search using the X-PLOR program resulted in a unique solution peak with 7.35 r.m.s. In addition, the translation search indicated $P3_121$ to be the true space group out of two possible ones. The phase information from the molecular replacement was useful in the MIR phasing experiment.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

In this paper, a flow visualization analysis has been carried out on an oscillating square section cylinder, numerically, using a commercially available code CFD-ACE. In this study, the square cylinder is forced to oscillate at different frequencies of excitation, viz., fe/fo=0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 (where, fe is the excitation frequency provided to the cylinder and fo is the natural vortex shedding frequency from the stationary cylinder at a particular Reynolds number (=5200). In all the cases, the peak-to-peak amplitude of oscillation is kept at 32% of the side dimension of the square cylinder. These studies are conducted to understand the influence of frequency of oscillation on the flow field features around the cylinder, particularly the mode of vortex shedding. Results indicate that, the flow field around a square cylinder is very much influenced by the excitation frequency, in particular the vortex shedding mode. It is also found that, the vortex street parameters are significantly influence by the oscillation frequency. Comparison with earlier reported experimental studies has also been attempted in this paper. In appears that, such a numerical exercise (as performed in this paper) is first of its kind. It is believed that, these studies would enable one to understand the mechanisms underlying the flow-induced vibrations of a square section cylinder.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.576-583
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• 2008

In this study, we attempt to design a real-time autonomic nervous system(ANS) evaluation system usable during exercise using heart instantaneous frequency(HIF). Although heart rate variability(HRV) is considered to be a representative signal widely used ANS evaluation system, the R-peak detection process must be included to obtain an HRV signal, which involves a high sampling frequency and interpolation process. In particular, it cannot accurately evaluate the ANS using HRV signals during exercise because it is difficult to detect the R-peak of electrocardiogram(ECG) signals with exposure to many noises during exercise. Therefore, in this study, we develop the ground for a system that can analyze an ANS in real-time by using the HIF signal circumventing the problem of the HRV signal during exercise. First, we compare the HRV and HIF signals in order to prove that the HIF signal is more efficient for ANS analysis than HRV signals during exercise. Further, we performed real-time ANS analysis using HIF and confirmed that the exerciser's ANS variation experiences massive surges at points of acceleration and deceleration of the treadmill(similar to HRV).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.349-354
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• 2011

Tuned mass damper is widely used in many applications of industry. The main advantage of tuned mass damper is that it can increase the damping ratio of system and reduce the vibration amplitude. Meanwhile, the natural frequency of system will be divided by two peaks, and the peak speeds are closely related to the mass and the stiffness of auxiliary mass system added. In addition, the damping ratio will also affect the peak frequency of the dynamic response. In the present research, the nonlinear mechanical characteristics of rubber is investigated and put into use, since it is usually manufactured as the spring element of tuned mass damper. By the sense of the nonlinear stiffness as well as the damping ratio which can be changed by preload applied on, the shape memory alloy is proposed to control the auxiliary mass system by self-optimizing. Supported by the experiment data of rubber, the 1 DOF theoretical model and finite element model based on computer simulation are implemented to perform the feasibility of the proposed semi-active tuned mass damper working on the drive shaft.