• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2001

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.195-196
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• 1998

Nonlinear energy operator(NEO) is usually used to estimate energy content of linear oscillator. We applied the modified nonlinear energy operator (MNEO) to detect R-peak of ECG and analyzed variation of R-R interval during sleep with nonlinear methods, piecewise correlation dimension and approximate entropy (ApEn) which estimate complexity of time series. ApEn applied to R-R interval reveals trends as sleep state changes.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.315-316
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• 1996

Based on X-ray (1-8 ${\AA}$) flux data for 1972-1995 the integral spectra of solar flare energy were computed. It has been shown that the spectral index $\beta$ of the integral energy spectrum (IES) vanes systematically with the 11-year cycle phase. The interval of $\beta$-variations (0.47 <$\beta$<1) is characteristic of UV-Cet stars. The maximum energy of the X-ray flares does not exceed $10^{32}$ erg.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.173-181
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• 2011

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute researchers have installed and operated magnetometers at Mt. Bohyun Observatory to measure the Earth's magnetic field variations in South Korea. We, in 2007, installed a fluxgate magnetometer (RFP-523C) to measure H, D, and Z components of the geomagnetic field. In addition, in 2009, we installed a Overhauser proton sensor to measure the absolute total magnetic field F and a three-axis magneto-impedance sensor for spectrum analysis. Currently three types of magnetometer data have been accumulated. In this paper, we provide the preliminary and the first statistical analysis using the BOH magnetometer installed at Mt. Bohyun Observatory. By superposed analysis, we find that daily variations of H, D, and Z shows similar tendency, that is, about 30 minutes before the meridian (11:28) a minimum appears and the time after about 3 hours and 30 minutes (15:28) a maximum appears. Also, a quiet interval start time (19:06) is near the sunset time, and a quiet interval end time (06:40) is near the sunrise time. From the sunset to the sunrise, the value of H has a nearly constant interval, that is, the sun affects the changes in H values. Seasonal variations show similar dependences to the sun. Local time variations show that noon region has the biggest variations and midnight region has the smallest variations. We compare the correlations between geomagnetic variations and activity indices as we expect the geomagnetic variation would contain the effects of geomagnetic activity variations. As a result, the correlation coefficient between H and Dst is the highest (r = 0.947), and other AL, AE, AU index and showed a high correlation. Therefore, the effects of geomagnetic storms and geomagnetic substorms might contribute to the geomagnetic changes significantly.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2008

This study is to investigate cardiotonic effect of acupuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) analyzed by a nonlinear way(DFA, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis). It was designed as a randomized, single-blind, waiting list-controlled, cross-over study. We assessed heart rate and R-R intervals in Circadian electrocardiography with a Holter monitoring device for twelve hospitalized participants. The compatible analytical program, Zymed, was used for generating the signals of R-R intervals from 24 hour-ECG. In DFA analysis, we produced DFA alpha 1, alpha 2 parameters according to the process of Cygwin module of Linux server. We tested if there was any difference between HRV parameters using SPSS, a statistical package. There was no difference between acupuncture and no treatment group in DFA alpha 2 parameter {95% Confidence Interval (-)0.058 - 0.037, P = .565}. Two group all showed large intra-individual variations. Consequently, acupuncture treatment did not modulate the complexity of HRV in a DFA analysis. This study can be a rationale for acupuncture's properties on cardiovascular and autonomic systems.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.379-390
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• 1998

In endodontic treatment, calcium hydroxide has been used as intracanal medicament. Although calcium hydroxide should be removed thoroughly before permanent root canal filling, no effective method for its removal has been reported. Because of irregularity of root canal walls, root curvatures and anatomic variations, it is insufficient to remove calcium hydroxide from the canal wall only by mechanical instrumentation Considering the chemical effects of irrigants on calcium hydroxide, $Ca^{++}$ dissolving effect from two calcium hydroxide products is investigated, using dis- tilled water, NaOCl, citric acid and EDTA. Vitapex$^{(R)}$ 0.1g and calcium hydroxide 0.03g were dissolved in distilled water, 5% NaOCl, 50% citric acid and 17% EDTA respectively, at 1, 3, 5, 10min. time interval. The solution was filtered using filter paper(pore size $5{\mu}m$) and $Ca^{++}$ concentration was determined by ion chromatography. The result were as follows : 1. Distilled water, NaOCl, citric acid and EDTA abstracted more $Ca^{++}$ from calcium hydroxide than Vitapex$^{(R)}$ except NaOCl 1, 5, 10 time interval. 2. EDTA and citric acid abstracted more $Ca^{++}$ from Vitapex$^{(R)}$ and calcium hydroxide than distilled water or NaOCl. The overall result support the view that water-based calcium hydroxide product is easily removed than oil-based calcium hydroxide product and EDTA, citric acid are more effective in $Ca^{++}$ elution than NaOCl or distilled water.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.443-446
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• 1997

HRV(heart rate variability) is the time series data of R-R interval time duration based on ECGs. Power spectral analysis of HRV has recently been used to define the activity of ANS(autonomic nervous system). In this study, 14 rats were divided into two groups, sympathectomy and vagotomy. During the experiments, ECGs of rats were collected three times at each experimental conditions or the duration of 5 minutes, where sampling frequency was set at 2KHz. After the application of the Berger's Serires algorithm to ECG raw data, power spectrum of HRV was obtained via FFT. Results showed that HF/LF were increased or the sympathectomy group and decreased or the vagotomy group. It implies that the variations in HF/LF components could be used or the ANS function classification.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2001

1998년 1월 7일부터 1998년 12월 6일까지 총 333일간 경북 포항시 구룡포읍 장길리 연안에서 채묘 후 1년이 경과한 체고 $10.1\~15.8mm$ 사이의 새끼 우렁쉥이 Halocynthia roretzi (von Drasche)를 대상으로 수층별, 수하연 시설 간격별 및 종묘생산지별의 성장에 관하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 수온은 $12.07{\sim}24.14^{\circ}C$의 분포 범위로 7월의 2m층이 가장 높았고, 염분은 $32.53{\sim}33.73\%_{\circ}$의 분포 범위로 7, 8월이 낮고, 10, 11월이 높았으며, 용존산소는 $6.60{\sim}9.77mg/L$의 분포 범위로 $4\~5$월이 높고, 7월이 낮았으며, 그 외 환경도 우렁쉥이 성장에 영향을 미치는 사항은 발견할 수 없었다. 2. 종묘생산지별 월별 체고 성장은 양식 시작시 체고가 남해안산이 15.81 mm, 동해안산 10.12mm, 일본산 15.34mm인 것이 11월에는 각각 74.64mm ($\pm7.19mm$), 72.80 mm ($\pm11.67mm$), 73.90mm ($\pm5.71mm$)로 성장하여 종묘에 따른 체고 성장에 대한 통계적인 차이는 없었으며, 이들 각각에 대한 성장식은 다음과 같이 회귀직선식으로 표시할 수 있었다. 남해안산 $$TH=5.8996D+13.43\;(R^2=0.9133)$$ 동해안산 $$TH=6.1560D+5.3362\;(R^2=0.9852)$$ 일본산 $TH=6.0739D+11.743\;(R^2=0.9053)$$ 또한 체고 (TH)에 대한 체중 (TOW)의 성장식은 다음과 같이 지수곡선식으로 표시되었다. 남해안산 $$TOW=0.0008TH^{2.6042}\;(R^2=0.9567)$$ 동해안산 $$TOW=0.0005TH^{2.7284}\;(R^2=0.9638)$$ 일 본 산 $4TOW=0.001TH^{2.5677}\;(R^2=0.9666)$$ 3. 수하연 시설 간격별 체고 성장은 2.5m와 2.0m가 서로 유사한 성장을 보이면서 1.5m나 1.0m 시설구보다 높았고, 체고의 일간 성장율은 2.5m, 2.0m, 1.5 m, 1.0m 순위였으나 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 체중의 일간 성장율은 2.5m 시설구가 다른 시설구에 비해 높았다. 4. 수층별 성장은 $10\~12m$ 수층에서 성장이 가장 양호하였고, 다음이 $14\~16m$수층과 $6\~8m$수층으로 이들 두 수층간에는 유사한 성장을 보였고, $2\~4m$ 수층이 가장 낮은 성장을 보였다. 특히 $10\~12m$ 수층에서 체고의 성장률은 성장기 II와 IV구간에서 각각 $244{\mu}m/day$ 및 $338{\mu}m/day$로 비교적 높았고, I구간에서는 $108{\mu}m/day$로 가장 낮았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.189-192
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• 2001

This study was initiated in an effort to determine the normal mean and variations of the somatic cell count (SCC) in milk of buffaloes as influenced by the milking time, stage of lactation, parity and season. The buffaloes were hand milked at 13 and 11 h. interval during evening and morning respectively. On the day of milk sampling the udders were tested for mastitis by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Only those buffaloes, which were found negative in the CMT, were included in the sampling plan. The mean values for morning and evening were 1.09 (range 0.39-1.76) and $0.97(range\;0.57-2.46){\times}10^5cells/ml$, respectively which did not differ significantly. When data of the morning and evening values was compared on the basis of total cell secretion in milk, even then there was no statistical difference between the morning and the evening values, thereby suggesting that no diurnal variation existed in SCC of milk. Paritywise differences were not significant between the 1st to 5th lactation and above. Similarly stage of lactation effect, when tested at 30 day intervals, did not differ significantly. Significant (p<0.05) correlation coefficients (r) between SCC and milk yield during different stages of lactation and parity suggested that SCC per ml of milk was higher during the later stages of lactation. SCC was higher in primiparous than in multiparous buffaloes. On an average the SCC recorded was $1.0{\times}10^5cells/ml$ of milk irrespective of time of milking, parity and stages of lactation. The SCC was low during cold and hot-dry season but were high during the hot-humid season (p<0.05), the respective values being 0.76, 1.08 and $1.35{\times}10^5cells/ml$. These values were lower than the SCC already reported in cows suggesting less stressful condition of the udder of buffaloes in this study.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1984

In the present study, we developed a nuclear stethoscope interfaced with a personal computer (APPLE- II) and evaluated it's performances as compared with the gamma camera. This single-probe, ECG-gated system has been used for displaying the left ventricular time-activity curves, the peak ejection time and its rate, the peak filling time and its rate, and the R-R interval distribution. The radioactivity was measured at every 10msec around the ventricular region, where the activity curves shows the maximal peak to peak variations. The background activity was measured around the lung area showing its counts approximately 50% of the end-diastolic count with minimal variations. The average time-activity curves of 100 beats were used for analysis in the equilibrium study after intravenous injection of 15-20mCi of Tc. The ejection fractions measured by the nuclear stethoscope(Y) were compared with those measured by gamma camera(X) in 47 patients with various heart diseases. The correlation coefficient between two measurements was 0.766 with a relation of Y=1.04 x-8.48. Also, the high reproducibility was obtained for the same patient. Also, the high reproducibility was obtained for the same patient. From this study, we conclude that this device is useful for continuous monitoring in the intensive care unit, as it is portable, compact, and inexpensive.