• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.718-728
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• 2015

The fish community and inhabiting status of introduced fish were surveyed at nine stations of Gangeungnamdae stream from September 2013 to May 2014. A total of 36 species of fourteen families were collected from the survey stations and among them, Pungitius sinensis was identified as endangered species. There were nine Korean endemic species (25%) including Coreoleuciscus splendidus. Dominant species were Rhynchocypris steindachneri (St. 1), Zacco koreanus (St. 2, 4, 5, 6), Ladislabia taczanowskii (St. 3)), Zacco platypus (St. 7, 8) and Tribolodon hakonensis (St. 9). Of the 11 introduced species fishes in Gangeungnamdae stream, L. taczanowskii, Pungtungia herzi, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Pseudogobio esocinus, Rhynchocypris kumgangensis, Z. platypus, Z. koreanus, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Liobagrus andersoni and Coreoperca herzi were released from Han river water zone in Korean. Rapidly expanded population and distribution of introduces fishes were Z. platypus, Z. koreanus, P. herzi and S. gracilis majimae, but L. taczanowskii, C. splendidus, R. kumgangensis were not rapidly expanded population. Settlement but very small population fishes were C. herzi and L. andersoni. When reduced 3% fishes of relative abundance with previous data (1973), R. steindachneri, Orthrias toni, Iksookimia pacifica, Plecoglossus altivelis, P. sinensis and Gymnogobius urotaenia, and R. steindachneri was most reduced from 56.1% to 12.9%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.465-468
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• 1992

Urinary purine derivatives and creatinine excretion was measured in a total of 4 white Alpine sheep. They were given diets 718 to 1060 g/kg dry matter (DM) of roughage. The crude protein content of this diets was on average $93.87{\pm}5.57g$ in kg DM. Purine derivatives-N excretion increased linearly with incremental DM intake and was significantly correlated (n = 16) with amounts of digestible organic matter (DOM) intake: allantoin-N (mg) = 1.205 (${\pm}0.070$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 136.709 (${\pm}37.399$), r = 0.9770, RSD = 22.97; uricacid-N (mg) = 0.131 (${\pm}0.041$) $\times$ DOM (g) + 11.380 (${\pm}21.881$), r = 0.6306, RSD = 13.44; Hypoxanthine-N (mg) = 0.049 (${\pm}0.014$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 28.640 (${\pm}7.708$), r = 0.6544, RSD = 4.73; total purine derivatives-N (mg) = 1.385 (${\pm}0.083$) $\times$ DOM (g) - 90.261 (${\pm}44.552$), r = 0.9706, RSD = 27.47. Microbial protein synthesis per kg DOM was estimated of 113 g. The urinary creatinine-N excretion was on average 9.10 mg/kg live weight (LW) with a standard error of 0.12 mg creatinine-N per kg LW. The excretion of creatinine excreton was not related to feed intake. Daily creatinine excretion (mg/d) was calculated from individual LW measurements and the average creatinine excretion (mg/kg LW). It was possible to predict the daily urinary purine derivatives excretion (r = 0.9720 for allantoin, r = 0.9886 for total purine derivatives) from the ratio of purine derivatives (mg/100 ml) and creatinine (mg/100 ml) in the urine and the daily creatinine excretion.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.718-724
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• 2006

The heterogeneous association behaviour of various concentration binary mixtures of mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol with ethyl alcohol were investigated by dielectric measurement in benzene solutions over the entire concentration range at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. The values of static dielectric constant $\epsilon_0$ of the mixtures were measured at 1 MHz using a four terminal dielectric liquid test fixture and precision LCR meter. The high frequency limiting dielectric constant $\epsilon_\infty$ values were determined by measurement of refractive index $n_D$ ($\epsilon_\infty\;=\;n_D\;^2$). The measured values of $\epsilon_0$ and $\epsilon_\infty$ were used to evaluate the values of excess dielectric constant $\epsilon^E$, effective Kirkwood correlation factor $g^{eff}$ and corrective correlation factor $g_f$ of the binary polar mixtures to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about the H-bond complex formation. The non-linear behaviour of the observed $\epsilon_0$ values of the polar molecules and their mixtures in benzene solvent confirms the variation in the associated structures with change in polar mixture constituents concentration and also by dilution in non-polar solvents. Appearance of the maximum in $\epsilon^E$ values at different concentration of the polar mixtures suggest the formation of stable adduct complex, which depends on the molecular size of the mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Further, the observed $\epsilon^E$ < 0 also confirms the heterogeneous H-bond complex formation reduces the effective number of dipoles in these polar binary mixtures. In benzene solutions these polar molecules shows the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles at 50 percent dilutions. But ethyl alcohol rich binary polar mixtures in benzene solvent show the maximum reduce in effective number of dipoles in benzene rich solutions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.338-344
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• 1991

If the postoperative pulmonary function can be predicted in the patients undergoing pneumonectomy for lung cancer preoperatively, it will be helpful for identifying them as high or low risk candidates. Perfusion lung scan and spirometry were performed in 12 patients with lung cancer pre-operatively and the predicted postoperative Vital Capacity, FVC, FEV1.0, FEF25 - 75% and MVV were estimated by multiplying the preoperative values by the percentage of perfusion of the nonsurgical lung. Three months postoperation the patients were reinvestigated with spirometry and the obtained values were compared with the predicted values. The linear regression lines derived from the correlation between predicted values [X] and observed values [Y] were as follows; VC; R=0.532, Y=0.48X+1.28, P=0.075 FVC; R=0.566, Y=O 54X+1.15, P=0.055 FEV1.0; R=0.832, Y=0.68X+0.70, P=0.001 FEF25 ~ 75%; R=0.781, Y=0.68X+0.54, P=0.003 MVV; R=0.718, Y=0.67X+34.75, P=0.009 The prediction of postoperative FEV1.0, FEF25 ~ 75% and MVV in lung cancer patients undergoing pneumonectomy appear to be valid for evaluating preoperative pulmonary function.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.556-563
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• 2015

Chinese cabbage is one of the most important vegetables in Korea and a target crop for market stabilization as well. Remote sensing has long been used as a tool to extract plant growth, cultivated area and yield information for many crops, but little research has been conducted on Chinese cabbage. This study refers to the derivation of simple Chinese cabbage growth prediction equation by using RapidEye derived vegetation index. Daesan-myeon area in Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea is one of main producing district of Chinese cabbage. RapidEye multi-spectral imagery was taken on the Daesan-myeon five times from early September to late October during the Chinese cabbage growing season. Meanwhile, field reflectance spectra and five plant growth parameters, including plant height (P.H.), plant diameter (P.D.), leaf height (L.H.), leaf length (L.L.) and leaf number (L.N.), were measured for about 20 plants (ten plants per plot) for each ground survey. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each of the 20 plants was measured using an active plant growth sensor (Crop $Circle^{TM}$) at the same time. The results of correlation analysis between the vegetation indices and Chinese cabbage growth data showed that NDVI was the most suited for monitoring the L.H. (r=0.958~0.978), L.L. (r=0.950~0.971), P.H. (r=0.887~0.982), P.D. (r=0.855~0.932) and L.N. (r=0.718~0.968). Retrieval equations were developed for estimating Chinese cabbage growth parameters using NDVI. These results obtained using the NDVI is effective provided a basis for establishing retrieval algorithm for the biophysical properties of Chinese cabbage. These results will also be useful in determining the RapidEye multi-spectral imagery necessary to estimate parameters of Chinese cabbage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.341-344
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• 1989

The relationship between the rates of rice grain shattering caused by typhoon and characteristics considered to be related with grain shattering such as heading date, amount of grain production and ethylene evolution of rice plant grown under the different methods of fertilization was analyzed. The grain shattering rates which was traced by the fallen grains after typhoon 'Dinah' occured in August 28 to 29, 1987, in the plots with nitrogen such as nitrogen alone, NP, NK, NPK, NPK + SiO$_2$ and NPK+compost plot etc. was lower than that in without nitrogen plots such as no fertilizer, compost alone, PK, P and K alone etc. and the amount of ethylene evolved from the leaf blades also showed the same trends. The correlation between the grain shattering rate and grain yield was negative but ethylene evolution was positively correlated with grain shattering rate of rice plant.ice plant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.714-718
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effect of DL-methionine (Met) and DL-methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) supplementation on the growth performance, contents of serum amino acids and activities of digestive protease in broiler chicks from 0 to 3 weeks old . There were three treatments in this study: (1) control (basal diet), (2) 0.24% Met supplementation and (3) 0.368% MHA supplementation. The results showed that Met and MHA supplementation did not significantly (p>0.05) improve feed efficiency and body weight gain for broilers from 0-1, 0-2 and 0-3 weeks of age. The serum levels of homocystine, methionine and taurine were significantly (p<0.05) higher with supplementation of Met or MHA than with control. The pepsin activity of proventriculus was increased with (p<0.05) Met supplementation at 21 days of age and with MHA supplementation at 7 and 14 days of age. The trypsin activity was also increased (p<0.05) with MHA supplementation at 7 days of age. The chymotrypsin activity in pancreas and the dipeptidase activity in small intestinal mucosa and content were not affected (p>0.05) by Met or MHA supplementation.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.709-718
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• 2017

This paper proposes the guidance laws for an agile turn of air-to-air missiles during the initial boost phase. Optimal solution for the agile turn is obtained based on the optimal control theory with a simplified missile dynamic model. Angle-of-attack command generating methods for completion of agile turn are then proposed from the optimal solution. Collision triangle condition for non-maneuvering target is reviewed and implemented for update of terminal condition for the agile turn. The performance of the proposed method is compared with an existing homing guidance law and the minimum-time optimal solution through simulations under various initial engagement scenarios. Simulation results verify that transition to homing phase after boost phase with the proposed method is more effective than direct usage of the homing guidance law.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.945-954
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• 2002

The objective okgf this study is understanding and evaluation of temporal and spatial variation of pollutant loads by input sources for water quality management in Kamak Bay. Flow rate of rivers and ditches ranges from about $2,592-63,072m^3/d$ in October to $864-55,296m^3/d$ in January. In particular, the R2 predominated flow rate among input sources. Total COD, BOD, DIN and DIP loadings in January were about 896kg/d, 718kg/d, 2,152kg/d, and 154kg/d, respectively, which exceeded those of October. Lower POC/TOC levels are estimated in R2, and also in October. Temporal variation of pollutant loads were closely related to the human activity. Total discharging loadings of BOD, TN and TP by unit loading estimation were 4,993.0kg/d, 2,558.7kg/d, and 289.2kg/d, respectively, and were mainly affected by the population. Runoff ratio of BOD was about 0.14 in January Mean $NH_4^＋_-N$ and $PO_4\;^{3-}-P$ loadings from sediment were 16.23mg/$m^2$/d and 7.26mg/$m^2$/d, respectively. For the improvement of water quality in this area, not only pollutant loads of rivers and ditches but also benthic flux from sediment should be reduced within the limits of the environmental capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R718 flowing in smooth horizontal copper tubes with inner diameter of 3.36 mm, 5.35 mm, 6.54 mm and 8.12 mm were investigated. The test section is a counterflow heat exchanger with refrigerant flowing in the inner tube and water flowing in the annulus. Experiments were peformed for the flowing range of variables : Reynolds number (1000 to 20000), mass flow rate of brine (450 kg/h) and refrigerant temperature (5$0^{\circ}C$). The main results were summarized as follows : (1) The heat transfer coefficient of 3.36 mm ID was about 10% to 30% higher than that of 5.35 mm, 6.54 mm and 8.12 mm ID, and the heat transfer coefficients for small diameter. tubes are about 20% to 27% higher than these predicted by Gnielinski. The new correlation is proposed to predict the experimental data. (2) As a result of comparison with correlation prosed by Blasius. the deviation of the experimental data slightly increased as the tube diameter decreased. (3) The ratio of heat transfer to friction factor (j/f) correlated by all experimental data increased as the tube diameter decreased.