• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2014

Purposes: This study was to validate the Robotic Smart Work System that can provides better working conditions and high productivity in unstructured environments like bio-industry, based on a tele-operation system for fruit harvesting with low cost 3-D positioning system on the laboratory level. Methods: For the Robotic Smart Work System for fruit harvesting and cultivation management in agriculture, a vision based tele-operating system and 3-D position information are key elements. This study proposed Robotic Smart Farming, an agricultural version of Robotic Smart Work System, and validated a 3-D position information system with a low cost omni camera and a laser marker system in the lab environment in order to get a vision based tele-operating system and 3-D position information. Results: The tasks like harvesting of the fixed target and cultivation management were accomplished even if there was a short time delay (30 ms ~ 100 ms). Although automatic conveyor works requiring accurate timing and positioning yield high productivity, the tele-operation with user's intuition will be more efficient in unstructured environments which require target selection and judgment. Conclusions: This system increased work efficiency and stability by considering ancillary intelligence as well as user's experience and knowhow. In addition, senior and female workers will operate the system easily because it can reduce labor and minimized user fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to obtain basic materials to complement the 'time series table serving' by analyzing external color elements. We selected traditional Korean restaurants in two five-star hotels and two famous traditional Korean style restaurants and analyzed their colors and the coloration of the Korean table settings. The results are as follows. By using strong luminosity contrast, restaurant A made its customer focus on the food and used red as the principal point (highlighted) color. Desserts, which have small dimensions, were served in 'Buncheong' ware with 'bakji' method, which has strong contrast; this broke the color balance. The use of small patterned dishes with 'johwa' method would achieve color harmony. Restaurant B used a stronger color for the tables than the foods, making the point color inconspicuous. Lowering the brightness and saturation of the table color would be beneficial. In restaurant C, thick green napkins provided the point color, making the atmosphere of the restaurant dull and dark and interfering with the overall bright atmosphere of the restaurant. Using lower saturation, high luminosity, and yellowish colors would bring harmony to the overall atmosphere. In restaurant D, the point colors were divided into three groups; their diversification during the entire course of the meal made the flow of the meal more natural. However, the use of the violet color, which gives a cold feeling, in the middle of the meal courses broke the overall flow of warm color in the meal. Considering the already-present contrast between red and green, it would be better not to use the violet chrysanthemum in the course of the meal. As mentioned above, there are several issues in terms of the color arrangement, the usage of table pads, and the natural flow of colors. Those issues indicate the necessity for an overall plan for the banquet table set-up in terms of color.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze external elements of 'time series table serving' and to discover any problems in the table setting. We selected two traditional Korean restaurants in five-star hotels and two representative traditional Korean style restaurants and analyzed the tableware arrangement of their table settings. The results are as follows. In restaurant A, the arrangement of different styles of tableware made from a variety of materials seemed relatively natural. However, the dessert plates were 'Buncheong' ware made with 'Bakji' method; in this case, the pattern was larger than the size of the fruits served and made the food inconspicuous. Rather than using plates made with a 'bakji' method, using plates with small patterns in the 'johwa' method would complement the food. In restaurant B, the space between the tableware, spoon and chopsticks was narrow, and the spoon and chopsticks sets would not fit on the table pads when large dishes or multiple dishes were served. In this case, changing the dishes to smaller sized dishes, considering the size of the table pad, or not using the pad at all would solve the issue. In restaurant C, too many small dishes were laid on the table, making it look disorderly. We believe that recovering tableware that is no longer in use, laying dishes and cutlery inside of the table pads or not using the table pad would be better. In restaurant D, the same style and color of dishes were provided 9 times. The lack of variety could be tedious to customers. The forms and colors of dishes should be changed in accordance with the order of the meal served. However, when using tableware created by different methods such as 'Buncheong' ware or white porcelain, the same pattern should be chosen in order to elevate the dignity of the table menu through uniformity. These issues in tableware arrangement indicate that external forms of banquet table setup should be studied so that the culture of Korean traditional cuisine can be enriched.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2015

This paper suggests a decision tree based approach for flexible job shop scheduling with multiple process plans. The problem is to determine the operation/machine pairs and the sequence of the jobs assigned to each machine. Two decision tree based scheduling mechanisms are developed for static and dynamic flexible job shops. In the static case, all jobs are given in advance and the decision tree is used to select a priority dispatching rule to process all the jobs. Also, in the dynamic case, the jobs arrive over time and the decision tree, updated regularly, is used to select a priority rule in real-time according to a rescheduling strategy. The two decision tree based mechanisms were applied to a flexible job shop case with reconfigurable manufacturing cells and a conventional job shop, and the results are reported for various system performance measures.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Emulsified asphalt is critical for road construction. The objective of applying asphalt emulsion as an adhesive is to prevent the phenomenon of debonding between the upper and lower layers. The quantity and veriety of bituminous material can be varied according to the type of pavement and site conditions. The objective of this study is to reveal the optimum application rates of the emulsified asphalt materials by types of tack-coats using Interface Shear Strength(ISS). METHODS : In the research, emulsified asphalt was paved on the surface of the divided mixture. The specimens of paving asphalt emulsion were utilized to evaluate the bond strength of tack-coat materials. In the evaluation process, NCHRP Report 712 was utilized to investigate the Interface Shear Strength, which reflects the bond capacity of asphalt emulsion. Then, the optimum residual application rates by tack-coat types were determined using regression analysis. RESULTS :As a consequence of squared R values investigated from 0.7 to 1 as part of the regression analysis, the tendency of predicted ISS values was compared with the results. The optimum residual application rates of AP-3, RS(C)-4, QRS-4, and BD-Coat were determined to be $0.78{\ell}/m^2$, $0.51{\ell}/m^2$, $0.53{\ell}/m^2$, and $0.73{\ell}/m^2$, respectively, utilizing 4th regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS :Based on the result of this study, it was not feasible to conclude whether higher residual application of tack-coat material leads to improved bond capacity. Rather, the shearing strength varies depending on the type of pavement.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.838-847
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• 2017

CNG which was released as a substitute of the previous CAPI (Cryptography API) library from Microsoft is constructed with individual modules based on the plug-in architecture, this means CNG is exceedingly helpful in the cost of development as well as the facility of extension. On the opposite side of these advantages, considerations on security issues are quite insufficient. Therefore, a research on security assurance is strongly required in the environment of distributing and utilizing the CNG library, hence, we analyze possible security vulnerabilities on the CNG library. Based on analyzed vulnerabilities, proof-of-concept tools are implemented and vulnerabilities are verified using them. Verified results are that contents of mail, account information of mail server, and authentication information of web-sites such as Amazon, E-bay, Google, and Facebook are exposed in Outlook program and Internet Explorer program using CNG library. We consider that the analyzed result in this paper can improve the security for various applications using CNG library.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.388-392
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• 2016

A cold roll-bonding process was applied to fabricate an AA1050/AA6061/AA1050 laminate complex sheet. Two AA1050 and one AA6061 sheets of 2 mm thickness, 40 mm width and 300 mm length were stacked up after surface treatment that included degreasing and wire brushing; material was then reduced to a thickness of 3 mm by one-pass cold rolling. The laminate sheet bonded by the rolling was further reduced to 1.2 mm in thickness by conventional rolling. The rolling was performed at ambient temperature without lubricant using a 2-high mill with a roll diameter of 210 mm. The rolling speed was 5.0 m/sec. The AA1050/AA6061/AA1050 laminate complex sheet fabricated by roll bonding was then hardened by natural aging T4) and artificial aging (T6) treatments. The microstructures of the as-roll bonded and the age hardened Al complex sheets were revealed by optical microscope observation; the mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing and hardness testing. The strength of the as-roll bonded complex sheet was found to increase by 2.9 times compared to that value of the starting material. In addition, the hardness of the complex sheets increased with cold rolling for AA1050 and age-hardening treatment for AA6061, respectively. After heat treatment, both AA1050 and AA6061 showed typical recrystallization structures in which the grains were equiaxed; however, the grain size was smaller in AA6061 than in AA1050.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.647-653
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• 2016

In the paper, durability performance in FA (Fly Ash) blended concrete is evaluated considering replacement of FA with TDFA (Tire Derived Fuel Ash) from 3.0% to 12%. TDFA is a byproduct from combustion process in thermal power plant, where chopped rubber is mixed for boiling efficiency. This is the 1st study on application of TDFA to concrete as mineral admixture. For the work, concrete samples containing 0.5 of w/b (water to binder) ratio and 20% replacement ratio of FA are prepared. With replacing FA with TDFA to 12%, durability performance is evaluated regarding compressive strength, carbonation, chloride diffusion, and porosity. The results of compressive strength, carbonation, and porosity tests show reasonable improvement in durability performance to 12% replacement of TDFA. In particular, clear decreasing diffusion coefficient is observed with increasing TDFA replacement due to its packing effect. Concrete containing TDFA can be effective for durability improvement when workability is satisfied in mixing stage.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2017

For product or process design and development, it is common to optimize multiple responses (characteristics) based on experimental data. To determine optimal conditions, we need to design the experiment, estimate a proper model for each response, and optimize the multiple responses simultaneously. There are several techniques and many research results on optimizing multiple responses simultaneously, when the experimental data are available. However, the experimental design issue for optimizing multiple responses has not been discussed yet. This paper proposes some idea on how to plan screening design when requirements for multiple performance characteristics are to be met in developing new products. A screening design procedure is developed for securing the requirements of multiple responses. Initial design factors are classified into three categories; specific, non-conflicting common, and conflicting common. After screening experiments, follow-up design region search method is suggested with respect to the most unsatisfied or important response, or overall desirability. A case study on a synthesis of melamine formaldehyde resin is presented to illustrate the procedure and to show the validity of the approach.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

In this study, we conducted numerical analyses using the Taguchi method and finite element method to calculate the thermal deformation of a printed circuit board and the effect of design factors on the thermal deformation. Analysis results showed that the thermal deformation of the panel had the strongest effect on the thermal deformation and shape of the strip and unit. In particular, the deformation in the z direction was larger than that in the xy-plane direction. The effect of design factors and the design conditions for reducing the thermal deformation of the panel and strip changed at the unit level. Therefore, it is recommended that panel-level thermal deformation must be controlled to reduce the final thermal deformation at the unit level because the thermal deformation of the strip strongly affects that of the unit.