• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.322-330
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• 2003

The unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis has recently attracted great inter-est due to its large amounts of ketocarotenoid astaxanthin, 3,3'-dihydroxy-${\beta}$,${\beta}$-carotene-4,4'-dione, widely used commercially as a source of pigment for aquaculture. In the life cycle of H. pluvialis, astaxanthin biosynthesis is associated with a remarkable morphological change from green motile vegetative cells into red immotile cyst cells as the resting stage. In recent years we have studied this morphological process from two aspects: defining conditions governing astaxanthin biosynthesis and questioning the possible function of astaxanthin in protecting algal cells against environmental stress. Astaxanthin accumulation in cysts was induced by a variety of environmental conditions of oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, intense light, drought, high salinity, and high temperature. In the adaptation to stress, abscisic acid induced by reactive oxygen species, would function as a hormone in algal morphogenesis from veget ative to cyst cells. Furthermore, measurements of both in vitro and in vivo antioxidative activities of astaxanthin clearly demonstrated that tolerance to excessive reactive oxygen species is greater in astaxanthin-rich cysts than in astaxanthin-poor cysts or astaxanthin-less vegetative cells. Therefore, reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of both algal morph O-genesis and carotenogenesis, and the accumulated astaxanthin in cysts can function as a protective agent against oxidative stress damage. In this study, the physiological roles of astaxanthin in stress response and cell protection are reviewed.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.337-340
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• 2006

Dwelling refers to a way of being that has to do with a cautious and guarded attitude. What has to be nurtured and preserved is the dweller's relationship with the fourfold of heaven and earth, divinities and mortals. This leads to the fourfold definition that mortals dwell insofar as they save the earth, receive heaven as heaven, await the divinities as divinities, and are capable of death as death. Heidegger sees the thing as the concrescence of what he calls the fourfold of earth, sky, mortals, and divinities. For Heidegger, true being means to be open to the fourfold, to tend the fourfold in its essence. C. Norberg-Schulz takes as his starting point Heidegger's notion of the thing as that in which the fourfold is assembled. The built space must be organized in a way that concrete places are created, places that are characterized by a specific genius loci. This idea refers to life in the warm seclusion of a traditional community, but is much less applicable to the functional networks and relationships that determine life in a modem society. Cacciari thinks that what is worth questioning is in particular the condition of homelessness perceived by Heidegger, and the possible consequences of this situation for architecture. The aim of this paper is to study the meaning of dwelling through Heidegger's concept of dwelling and the interpretations of C. Norberg-Schulz and M. Cacciari about it.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.137-144
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• 2010

Cyber lectures have been popular with students as they are more accessible. In this thesis we also created a personal identification confirmation system with RFID as it is quite difficult to confirm who is taking a lecture. In the process of developing the confirmation system, an algorithm enabling real-time identification confirmation, as well as interactive virtual questioning system, was also developed. After the computer simulation test we proved the duplex on-line lecturing system is more effective than the current one-way cyber lecturing system which does not take into consideration students with less/no degree of understanding.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Purpose: This research was for understanding the attitudinal difference by gender towards emotional design through questionnaire survey with female and male inpatients on environmental characteristics of wards in general hospitals. Methods: The survey was conducted by questioning inpatients at two general hospitals on the importance rating on emotional design elements of patient rooms, lounges, and hallways. Eighty questionnaires were returned and used for data analyses through SPSS windows version 15.0 statistic package program. Results: 1) In general, female patients considered emotional design of wards as more important than male patients and the most outstanding difference was indicated for patient rooms among patient rooms, lounges, and hallways. For patient rooms the comfortability index was rated as the most important to both female and male inpatient groups, and for lounges and hallways the safety index was evaluated as the most important to both gender groups. 2)For lounges, while male patients rated 'prevention of infection' important among safety relating items, women considered 'accident prevention' more important. It is inferred that female patients have more safety needs and anxiety about physical injury or accidents than male ones do. Implications: It is considered that there need to be further succeeding in-depth studies, e.g. research interviews with inpatient;s family members or other caregivers as well as patients themselves.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study is to bring new light on TalYeong-SilJeong (exhaustion of Yeonggi and loss of Essence) through the verification of both the original intention of Hwangjenaegyeong and the conceptual variation afterwards. Methods: Of various East Asian medical texts, those inferring to TalYeong-SilJeong includeing Hwangjenaegyeong itself were closely examined under the aspect of its conception. Results: TalYeong-SilJeong was suggested as the first representative tool and accurate diagnostic method of questioning in order to determine the mental state of a patient. However, medical scholars have suggested different levels of meaning. Some used the term for the broad coverage of mental illnesses, understanding Hwangjenaegyeong's discrimination as symbolic gesture, while others projected an unchallenged value on it and weaved it into the concrete set of a disease. Conclusions: The treatment of TalYeong-SilJeong is suggested according to the varying viewpoints of each medical text. By understanding multiple layers of the conception beyond, a clinician is expected to gain an exuberant image of conception on the one hand and an insight for more effective treatment on the other hand.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.209-218
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnosis and treatment of Retinal vein occlusion such as syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine by reviewing Chinese traditional medicine`s journals. The journal search was carried out using China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Pubmed from January 2000 to December 2014. Searching key words were the various combination of "Retinal vein occlusion", "traditional chinese medicine", "syndrome differentiation". The final selection of 11 studies were selected and summarized by researchers. The effective rate was significantly higher than control but, methodological quality of the trials was generally low questioning their liability. The syndrome differentiation was classified as hyperactivity of liver yang and blood stasis. The most frequently prescribed herbal medication was Hyulbuchookeotang, Boyanghwanotang and Cheomagudeungum. This finding could be widely utilized in future clinical practice and form the basis for the development of clinical practice guidelines in advance.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2014

Purpose: This paper discusses the intrinsic assumption of one-dimensional relationship between the upper and lower levels in AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for the Preliminary Feasibility Study of National R&D Program. This assumptions has not been questioned in academia and industry so far. Methods: This discussion is induced by understanding the Theory of Attractive Quality (Kano et al. 1984) and explains the limitation of AHP in the preliminary feasibility study of national R&D program. Results: In this paper, we propose a new questioning method based on two dimensional perspective, which is named as 2D-AHP (two dimensional AHP), to overcome the limitation. The main idea stems from the observation that the relationship between the upper and lower levels in AHP can vary depending on the subject of R&D. Conclusion: The two dimensional perspective pointed out in this paper should be more deeply studied in the field of MCDM(multi-criteria decision making) since it can be applied to the more general problems in human decision making.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to research the differences between gender roles and creativity. This study was done based on 178 pre-service teachers who were from the Department of Early Childhood Education in Universities around the Busan area. The researchers have collected statistical data by questioning pre-service teachers about creative thinking tests, creative personality tests, and gender role identification awareness tests. The data was interpreted by the Paerson's Simple Product-moment Correlation Coefficient method, the one-way ANOVA method, and the $Sch\acute{e}ffe$ Post-hoc comparison method. According to this study, the group perceived of high androgyny type group showed the highest level in important factors of creative thinking, such as fluency, elaborateness, ness, and openness. This result meant that the more a pre-service teacher was aware of the identity of gender roles, the more she or he thought creatively. Additionally, the acceptance of authority, an element of the creative personality factor, showed the highest level in a high feminity type group. On the other hand, self confidence, inquisitiveness, and disciplined imagination showed the highest level in a group which perceived the identity of androgyny type roles.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 1992

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate, by means of a questionaire, the parental awareness of the emergency management of avulsed teeth in children. 297 parents were surveyed during a six week period at Yooseuk elementary school in Seoul. The results indicated that the person who experianced a avulsion of teeth was 16.6%. 35% of parents would attempt replantation of an avulsed tooth but further questioning showed they did not know the correct procedures. 36% of parents were unaware of adequate time for emergency dental services. 62% of parents felt they should seek professional help urgently following an avulsion injury, but their knowledge of transport media for the tooth was poor. Only 8% of parents knew that milk was the medium of choice for both washing and transporting an avulsed tooth. 76% of parents surveyed had never received advice in what to do in the event of an accident where a tooth was avulsed. This study revealed the need for educational campaigns aimed at parents to increase their knowledge of the emergency procedures required when a tooth is avulsed.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2015

Due to the latest agreement between the military authorities of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States (US) of America, Korea's annual contribution to the budget of the United States Forces Korea (USFK) rose as high as close to 1 trillion won. This seemingly prohibitive amount has led to the questioning of military critics regarding determination criteria, wholesomeness of cost, alignment of incentives, and implementational transparency, etc. As these sources of mistrust can potentially undermine the congruence of alliance, we attempt to devise a scientific means to test the validity of Korea's budget contribution. Specifically, we use the real options approach (ROA) to estimating the interval of the fair prices of maintaining the USFK. We consider the USFK as an insurance against foreign incursions, and this enables us to assume their role as a put option. Upon a hypothetical war breakout, the daily cumulative size of the Korean economy is estimated by implementing the simulated loss ratios of assets and population. As a result, the strategic value (put premium) of the USFK is exponentially higher the sooner the US forces are augmented following an intrusion. Also, Korea's payments toward the USFK in 2011 and 2012 appear theoretically fairly valued.