• 기본간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.313-323
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• 1998

This study was a descriptive research on the level of self-care available to continous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients (hereinafter referred to as 'CAPD patient') related to the specific area of infection management. The method employed for the collection of data was a modified instrument of the self-care survey essentially based on Young Sook Choi's instrument. The relevant data was collected from september 1, 1996 to september 30, 1996. The subjects were provided with an open-ended question regarding the reasons behind why they did not seek self-care. The answers provided about self-care compliance were analyzed by SPSS for frequency, percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA. Reasons for non-compliance were analyzed by content analysis. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The percentage of patients engaging in self-care were according to the following self performed tasks : preparation of dialysis : 30.58 points Dialysate exchange procedures : 49.40 points - Two bag type : 50.50 points - Spike type : 48.80 points - Neo type : 48.90 points Catheter exit site care : 25.13 points More specifically, in relation to the preparation of dialysis as referred to above, those patients engaging in self care was relatively high with respect to the cleaning of the dialysis before use and for the preservation of peritosol. However, in dialysate exchange procedures, data revealed that those patients engaging in self-care are relatively low with respect to putting on a mask during the performance of peritosol exchange. Similary in peritosol exchange procedure and catheter exit care, low levels of self-care performance were found in the area of putting on a mask during the peritosol exchange procedures and catheter line testing procedures, respectively. 2. In general characteristics, there appeared to be no distinction in self-care compliance among CAPD patients. 3. The main reasons for non-compliance were based in the following factor : intellectual, attitude, enviromental surrounding and physical. As a result of the foregoing finding, nurses should provide adequate assistance to promote self-care compliance by CAPD patients by checking the preparation of dialysis, dialysate exchange procedure, and catheter exit site care which recieved low point in this research.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2007

The main objective of this study is to investigate the improvement of the quality of dental health based on the dental service satisfaction factors of the old dental prosthesis patients of more than 60 years of age who use the dental institutes including dental hospital, clinic, and public health center and to identify the interest in the dental prosthesis as changing paint. Across the country through a questionnaire survey of a question and answer type conducted by the trained dental hygienists or dentist's. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows. 1. looking at variation of the variables of socio-demographic features of the respondents, the group of female, age distribution of 60-65, average monthly income of 0.5-1 million Won, and schooling background of college showed significant difference. And the prosthesis treatment in terms of the purpose of isiting a dental institute, and the dental clinic in terms of the type of visiting dental institute showed a remarkably significant difference. 2. looking at variation of variables of the general features of the respondents, a prosthesis satisfaction service in terms of age showed significant difference: a prosthesis satisfaction service, dental staffs' service and dental facilities' service in terms of average monthly income showed significant difference: the entire conditions except for the dental facilities' service in terms of schooling and general features showed significant difference: and in terms of the purpose of visiting dental institute, it showed no significant difference. In terms of a visiting dental institute, the prosthesis satisfaction service, dental facilities, overall level of satisfaction, result of treatment, word of mouth and revisit showed significant difference. 3. looking at variation of the variables of post-installation prosthesis satisfaction of the respondents, the prosthesis satisfaction service, dentist's dental service, staffs' service, dental facilities' service and revisit in terms of the prosthesis type: and the prosthesis satisfaction service, word of mouth, revisit and overall level of satisfaction from the perspective of serious concern showed significant difference. The prosthesis satisfaction service and dentist's service in terms of the solving the economic burden: and the entire variables in terms of dissatisfaction elements showed a similar level of significant difference 4. in regard to the satisfaction of dental service and the change of the recognition of prosthesis patients, it was revealed that the level of dental prosthesis satisfaction of the respondents was closely related to the dentist's service, staffs' service, and dental facilities' service. Finally, looking at the influence of the dental service on the treatment result, satisfaction, word of mouth, revisit and the overall satisfaction level, it was revealed that they had a great impact on the prosthesis satisfaction service.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2017

Objectives: Q fever is a zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide; however, little is known about its prevalence in South Korea. We attempted to determine the prevalence of Q fever seroreactivity among Korean slaughterhouse workers and the risk factors for seroreactivity according to the type of work. Methods: The study was conducted among 1503 workers at a total of 73 slaughterhouses and 62 residual-product disposal plants. During the study period, sites were visited and surveys were administered to employees involved in slaughterhouse work, and serological tests were performed on blood samples by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Serological samples were grouped by job classification into those of slaughter workers, residual-product handlers, inspectors and inspection assistants, and grading testers and testing assistants. Employee risk factors were analyzed according to the type of work. Results: Out of 1481 study subjects who provided a blood sample, 151 (10.2%) showed reactive antibodies. When these results were analyzed in accordance with the type of work, the result of slaughter workers (11.3%) was similar to the result of residual-product handlers (11.4%), and the result of inspectors and assistants (5.3%) was similar to the result of grading testers and assistants (5.4%). Among those who answered in the affirmative to the survey question, "Has there been frequent contact between cattle blood and your mouth while working?" the proportions were 13.4 and 4.6%, respectively, and this was identified as a risk factor that significantly varied between job categories among slaughterhouse workers. Conclusions: This study found a Q fever seroreactivity rate of 10.2% for slaughterhouse workers, who are known to be a high-risk population. Contact with cattle blood around the mouth while working was the differential risk factor between job categories among slaughterhouse workers.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.540-549
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• 2018

본 연구는 대구 경북지역에서 근무하는 치과위생사 238명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문을 통하여 근무유형별 치과재료에 대한 유해전달 실태를 파악하기위해 병원 유형별 유해인자 노출시간 및 근무환경특성 차이를 비교하고 물질안전보건자료(MSDS) 인지정도의 차이를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 병원 유형별 유해인자 노출시간을 비교한 결과 병원의 경우 화학물질에서 발생하는 분진유발에 노출되는 시간이 가장 길었고, 레진충전, 소독제 접촉 순으로 나타났다. 치과재료에 대한 물질안전보건자료(MSDS)를 인지하고 있는지에 대한 문항에 대하여 '인지한다'고 답한 대상자는 병원근로자는 37명(29.4%), 14명(12.5%)로 나타났으며(p<0.001), 치과재료를 사용하기 전 MSDS를 읽어본 경험이 있는 근로자는 병원근로자는 18명(14.3%), 의원근로자는 6명(5.4%)으로 조사되었다. 사용하는 치과재료의 물질안전보건자료(MSDS)를 비치한다고 응답한 대상자는 병원근로자의 경우 의원근로자에 비해 2.39배 물질안전보건자료(MSDS)를 비치하는 경우가 많았다. 이에 병원 유형별 특성에 맞게 화학물질의 건강상의 유해성에 대해 인지하고 안전보건교육을 지속적으로 실시함으로써 MSDS 정보에 대한 올바른 인식확립으로 근무환경이 개선되어져야 할 것이며, 치과재료의 제품에 사용설명서 및 MSDS 화학물질 정보제공 관리가 강화하여 전략적 접근 및 근로자의 알 권리를 보장할 수 있는 제도의 필요성을 제안한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.569-580
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• 2022

현재, 교육부 장관이 교육부 중심으로 유보통합추진하는 것을 공식 발표하였다. 유보통합의 핵심은 유치원과 어린이집의 통합으로, 구체적인 모델(안)을 개발할 필요가 있어 본 연구를 수행하였다. 유보통합 논의 이후 유아학교를 중심으로 논의가 되어 왔고, 구체적인 사안에서 의견 차이가 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 교육부 중심으로 유치원과 어린이집이 통합된 이후 유아학교 모델(안)의 단계별 방향을 제안하고자 수행하였다. 연구문제는 교육부 중심 0-5세 유아학교 모델(안)은 어떠한지 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 유보통합이 실현된 이후의 설립유형별 유아교육기관 통합 방안을 제안하였다. 본 연구의 결론으로 첫째, 국가책임 단계별 0-5세 유아학교 모델(안)이 요구된다. 둘째, 다양한 설립유형별 특성을 반영한 세부적인 유아학교 모델(안)이 개발되어야 한다. 셋째, 유아학교 체제시 교원양성체계 개편, 방과후과정 운영 모델, 교육청 및 지자체 통합 방안 등의 구체적인 방안이 제시되어야 한다.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2004

This study analyzed the effects of nutrition technicians' hygiene education on cooking workers' performance of hygiene management in order to ensure the security of school meals. The situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools was elementary school(51.1%) and middle school(48.9%) and the type of meals was rural area type(54.2%), urban type(36.5%). and island and isolated area type(9.3%). The methods of meals management were single cooking(88.2%) and joint cooking and management(11.8%). The type of distributing meals was distributing in a dining room(93.5%), in a classroom(3.7%), and in both dining room and classroom(2.8%). Nutrition technicians' employment form included regular(53.5%) and daily(88.2%). Their education was junior college graduate(50.2%), university graduate(44.8%). and graduate school students(5.0%). Cooking workers' employment form included daily(88.2%) and regular (11.1%). suggesting that most were regular. Most cooking workers(77.4%) had at least high school certificate. Regarding the situation of cooking workers' disposition in subject schools, the number of student per one cooking worker was found as 91-120(37.2%), 61-90(22.6%). 60 and under(21.l %). 121-15006.7%). and 151 and over(2.5%). Cooking workers' level of performance of hygiene management was post-working stage(66.37/75 marks), pre-working stage(64.22/75 marks). and working stage(20.34/25 marks), The counting of meals articles in a pre-working stage(20.34/25 marks). temperature and required time in a working stage(18.78/25 marks), and machinery equipment and hygiene in a pre-working stage(21.40/25 marks) showed lowest of performance, which suggest poor service of hygiene. Cooking workers' performance of hygiene management by working stage showed the significant difference with school class(p<.001), type of schools with meals(p<.05). state of cooking workers' employment(p<.001), and cooking worker's disposition(p<.05). A working stage showed the significant difference with type of schools with meals(p<.05). A post-working stage showed the significant difference according to type of schools with meals(p<.05), and the methods of meals management(p<.05), and cooking workers' disposition(p<.05). In the execution of hygiene education, individual hygiene was highest(94.8%), followed by the management of machinery equipment and tools(89.7%), food poisoning and microorganism(94.7%), and the method of food treatment(76.4%). A yearly plan of hygiene education included established(83.9%) and not established(l6.1%). Regular education included not executed(25.1%), 2-3 times a month(l6.1%), and more than 4 a month(4.0%) and occasional education was not executed(57.0%), 1-3 times a month(26.3%), and more than 4 a month(l5.7%). In the methods for hygiene education, oral education(95.7%) was used most, followed by demonstration(10.5%), poster/photo(10.5%), video/slide(3.7%), and computer(3.7%). Frequency of improvement and complement of hygiene education included once a month(56.3%), once a year(20.7%), by quarter(l1.5%), and every six months(1l.5%). Newspaper was used most in materials of hygiene education, followed by internet, TV, nutrition technician's reeducation, information exchange between members, educational office's training, and reference book, and educational office's material. and symposium. Cooking workers' assessment of the effect of hygiene education was conducted through observation(56.8%), check table(l5.2%), question(l4.0%), and examination(14.0%). The reason of cooking workers' low level of performance included habitual custom(53.9%), lack of understanding(20.4%), overwork(l4.6%), and lack of knowledge(l1.l%) and the reason of difficulty in hygiene education included lack of time(55.3%), lack of understanding(27.6%), lack of knowledge and information(8.7%), and lack of budget(48.0%).

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제7권
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• pp.101-134
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• 1995

Article 3 Paragraph 1 of the Warsaw Convention regulates the requirements of passenger tickets, Article 4 Paragraph 3, the requirements of baggage tickets, Article 8, the requirements of airway bills. In this article the writer has discussed the legal nature of the documents of air carriage, such as air waybills, passenger tickets and baggage checks. Further, the writer has also discussed several issues relating to the use of the documents of air carriage under the Warsaw Convention. Article 3 Paragraph 2, as well as Article 4 Paragraph 4 and 9 provides that the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of the Convention which evade or limit his liability. In particular, the Montreal Agreement of 1966 provides that the notification on the carrier's liability in passenger ticket should be printed in more than 10 point type size with contrasting ink colors. However, another question is whether the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the liability limit under the Convention in case the type size is below 10 points. The Convention does not specify the type size of certain parts in passenger tickets and only provides that the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of liability limit, when a carrier fails to deliver the ticket to passenger. However, since the delivery of passenger tickets is to provide an opportunity for passengers to recognize the liability limit under the Convention and to map out a subsequent measures, the carrier who fails to give this opportunity shall not be entitled to avail himself of the liability limit under the Convention. But some decisions argue that when the notice on the carrier's liability limit is presented in a fine print in a hardly noticeable place, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself under the Convention. Meanwhile, most decisions declare that regardless of the type size, the carrier is entitled to avail himself of liability limit of the provisions of the Convention. The reason is that neither the Warsaw Convention nor the Montreal Agreement stipulate that the carrier is deprived from the right to avail himself of liability limit of the provisions of the Convention when violating the notice requirement. In particular, the main objective of the Montreal Agreement is not on the notice of liability limit but on the increase of it. The latest decisons also maintain the same view. This issue seems to have beeen settled on the occasion of Elisa Chan, et al. vs. Korean Airlines Ltd. The U.S. Supreme Court held that the type size of passenger ticket can not be a target of controversy since it is not required by law, after a cautious interpretation of the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Agreement highlighting the fact that no grounds for that are found both in the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Agreement. Now the issue of type size can hardly become any grounds for the carrier not to exclude himself from the liability limit. In this regard, any challenge to raise issue on type size seems to be defeated. The same issue can be raised in both airway bills and baggage tickets. But this argument can be raised only to the tranportation where the original Convention is applied. This creates no problem under the Convention revised by the Hague Protocol, because the Hague Protocol does not require any information on weight, bulk, size, and number of cargo or baggage. The problem here is whether the carrier is entitled to avail himself of the liability limit of the provisions of the Convention when no information on number or weight of the consigned packages is available in accordance with Article 4 of the Convention. Currently the majority of decisions show positive stance on this. The carrier is entitled to avail himself of the liability limit of the provisions of the Convention when the requirement of information on number and weight of consigned packages is skipped, because these requirements are too technical and insubstancial. However some decisions declare just the opposite. They hold that the provisions of the Convention Article 4 is clear, and their meaning and effect should be imposed on it literally and that it is neither unjust nor too technical for a carrier to meet the minimum requirement prescribed in the Convention. Up to now, no decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court on this issue is available.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to invent a quotient equation which could quantitatively evaluate individual's hypothesis evaluating ability. The equation was induced by the analysis of the classification types about hypothesis evaluation knowledges generated by 15 pre-service elementary school teachers and the construction of the quotient equation on hypothesis evaluating ability. The hypothesis evaluation task administered to subjects was dealt with the woodpecker behavior. The task was initiated by generating hypothesis on the following question: 'Why don't woodpecker have brain damage after pecking wood?' Subjects then were asked to design and perform experiments for testing hypothesis. Finally they were asked to evaluate their own hypothesis based on the collected, analyzed and interpreted data. The knowledges generated from their evaluating hypothesis were analyzed by 4 major categories (richness, type, level and accuracy). Then, a general equation which could quantitatively and systematically evaluate individual's hypothesis evaluating ability was invented by an inductive process. After combining all the categories the following quotient equation was proposed; '$VQ\;=\;{\sum}(TE_n\;{\times}\;AE_n)\;{\times}\;LE$'. According to this results, woodpecker task and hypothesis evaluating ability quotient equation (VQ) which invented in this study could be applied to a practical use of measuring students' ability of scientific hypothesis evaluation.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2005

In Korea, there are many kinds of functional foods to manage diabetes, however, they have not been evaluated or investigated systematically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of recognition and intake of functional foods among diabetic patients. The study subjects were 307 patients(male 135, female 172), who diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at Seoul National University of Bundang Hospital. Questionnaire survey was done from July to October, 2004 for the characteristics of patients and factors related to the use of functional foods. The mean age of the subjects was 64$\pm$10.2 years, and the mean duration of disease was 9.5$\pm$8.90 years. Approximately 49.8% of the subjects had experience to use functional foods at least once in past. Total number of functional foods used were 56 types. Red ginseng was used most frequently(27.9%), then followed by Silkworm powder(13.6%), Vitamin supplements(10.4%), Mulberry tree(7.1%), Cordyceps sinensis(6.8%) and Ginseng(4.2%). Functional foods were introduced by their friends.relatives(38.4%), family(29.1%), internet(13.9%), and the mass media(10.6%). Among respondents, 94.7% took functional foods with conventional diet therapies(diet, exercise and medication). The purpose of functional food use was to control blood glucose level(49.0%), to relieve fatigue and improve stamina(19.9%), to treat and prevent a disease(17.2%) and to help blood circulation(7.9%). Upon the question of further recommendation of functional foods to others, 74.8% of the subjects answered negative response. However, 12.6% of the subjects showed the further intention of using new product. Therefore, to guide the appropriate use of functional foods for diabetic patients, diabetic educator should provide the knowledge of the efficacy of functional foods and the desirable guidelines.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.913-922
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to analyze the factors and degree of stress, which dental hygienics students experience during the off-campus practical training period at university/general dental hospitals or dental hospitals/clinics, to strategically plan and operate an efficient practical training, and to exploit such data for development of the said students into professional dental hygienists by nurturing their abilities to effectively cope with the potential educational frustration, demotivation, and skepticism on their occupations in advance. Methods : The stress measurement tool is set for 38 questions in total, The grading system for each question is based on 5-point Likert scale, which interprets that the lower score demonstrates a higher level of stress. The data collected as above are analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results : The satisfaction "Satisfactory" of extramural practice at departments of dentistry of university and general hospitals and dental hospitals and clinics is 48.3% and 37.7% respectively. Environment area (p<.001) and role & activity area (p<.05) showed a significant difference of stresses between practices at departments of dentistry of university and general hospitals and dental hospitals and clinics. For departments of dentistry of university and general hospitals, the stress in environment area was highest. On the contrary, students who did practices at dental hospitals and clinics showed that the stress is highest at role & activity area. There was a positive correlation of areas of environment, personal relations, role & activity, and ideal & value. However, there was no correlation between treatment fields. Conclusions : In conclusion, educational institutes need to conduct a specialized systematic research establishing close relationships extramural practice organs, in order to minimize students' stress resulting from extramural practices by type and to increase the effect of extramural practices.