• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 1991

In this study, the balnce of the litter production and decompsition on the forest floors in the green belt nearby seoul, which had been established in 1972, and turnover cycles of minerral nutrients were inverstigated. litter production and decomposition in the forests of quercus accutissima, q, serrata, q. mongolica, salix koreensis and alnus hirsuta were reached at the equilibium stated from 1972 to 1988 but this balance in the pine forest of pinus densiflore and p. rigida was not. Under the forests in the blance of the litter production and decomposition, the maximum amounts of n, p, k, ca and na retured to soil annually were 4.9g/㎡ in the alnus hirsuta forest, 0.35g/㎡ in the salix koreensis forest, 2.70g/㎡ in the quercus accutissima forest, 8.85g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest and 3.93g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, respectively, and the minimum were 2.8g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, 0.108g/㎡ in the q. mongolica forest, 0.06g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, 2.12g/㎡ q. mongolica forest and 0.15g/㎡ in the q.accutissima forest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 1993

This study was conducted to increase to increase the plant species diversity, which was based on the analysis of plant community structure and the survey of human's disturbance degree in Mt. Yongma and Mt. Acha urban nature park, Seoul. The plant community were divided into four groups by TWINSPAN and DCA. These groups were Pinus rigida-P. densiflora community, Quercus mongolica-Q.aliena-Q.accutissima community, Robinia pseudoacaia-Q.accutissima-Poplus${\times}$albaglandulosa community and R.pseudoacacia community. The successional trends of tree species seems to be from P.densiflora, P.rigida, Sorbus alniflora to Q.mongolica, Q.aliena and from P.${\times}$albaglandulosa, R.pseudoacacia, through Q.accutissima, to Q. mongolica, Q.aliena. The species diversity of plant community was high in natual plant community but was low in artificial planting community respectively. Number of species, number of species individuals, indices of species diversity was lowered and soil hardness was increased by the user's trampling, undercutting work and planting P.koraiensis after thinning. In the basis of study results, we proposed the management plan for the urban forest.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.135-151
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• 1982

In order to investigate the effectiveness of Osmose process for the practical treatment of wood this study has been made using water soluble preservatives such as Malenit and chromated zinc chloride. The results obtained in this investigation are as follows: 1. The penetration of Malenit in sapwood has been observed deeper than that of chromated zinc chloride for all species tested in this investigation. 2. The penetration of preservatives applied in soft wood, ie. Pinus densiflora and Larix leptolepis has been observed better results than that of hard wood, i.e., Quercus accutissima and Carpinus laxiflora. 3. The longer stack covering, despite of preservatives applied and size of wood tested, has given better penetration for all species tested, and the fastest diffusion has been occured in 15 days from they day started. Following after 15 days diffusion had gradualy become slower. 4. The length of time needed for effective penetration has taken 45 days for all species tested, reaching twenty millimeters (20mm) in depth in case of Malnit, that means also more than 50% of penetration into sapwood portion. However it has taken 45 days fer Pinus densiflora and Larix leptolepis, reaching fifteen millimeters (15mm) and 60 days for Quercus accutissima and Carpinus laxiflora, reaching same fifteen millimeters in case of chromated zinc chloride, that means also less than 50% (except 50% for Larix) of penetration into sapwood portion. 5. Deeper penetration of preservatives from the wood surface has been observed in the larger wood than the smaller wood for all species tested, although the penetration ratio between the width of sapwood and the length penetrated has been observed smaller in larger wood than smaller wood. 6. The relation between moisture content of wood and the penetration of preservatives into wood tested has shown the linear regression, that is, the more moisture content brought the deeper penetration. 7. Following the result obtained at this investigation osmose process with Malenit applied has indicated as a useable process for the none pressure treatment of wood.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.2 no.2 s.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 1993

This study was carried out to identify the species of wooden coffins excavated from ancient kings' tombs of Nakrang and Pro-Three-Kingdoms to the beginning period of the Three Kingdoms, and the private tombs of the middle stage at the Yi dynasty. The species of wooden coffins were identified as three softwoods(Thxus cuspidata, Sciodopitys verticillata, Pinus densiflora) and six hardswoods(Quercus acutissima, Quercus serrata, Zelkova serrata, Platycarya strobilarea, Alnus japonica and Morns spp.). Thxus cuspidata, wooden coffins of Nakrang kings' tombs, is distributed through Korea. However in previous examination it was known as Cunninghania lanceolata, native species in south China. Sciodopitys verticillata used as a wooden coffin of King Muryung's tomb was native to Japan. It was a material evidence proving the cultural exchange between Paekche Kingdoms and Japan in those days. Pinus densiflora was the species of wooden coffins excavated from private tombs in Yi dynasty, which was not found out from Pro-Three-Kingdoms and Three-Kingdoms. Quercus accutissima was used for making a trough shape wooden coffins at Daho-ri ancient tombs and Quercus serrata was used a outer wooden coffin of Nakrang kings' tombs. An adamant iron mongery might be used to manufacturing a trough shape wooden coffin. This indicates that a developed iron-manufacturing technics existed in Korea at that time. Zelkova serrata was used for making wooden coffins of Imdang and Kaya ancient tombs, Chunma and Hwangnam king tombs. Platycarya strobizacea was used for making wooden coffin of Daegok-ri, Alnus japonica for Daho-ri coffins and Morus spp. for Imdang coffins.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2017

This study investigated the in vitro symbiotic seed germination of the achlorophyllous orchid, Gastrodia elata, using a new Mycena species. A leaf-disc ($2{\times}2cm$) of Quercus accutissima was inoculated with either of the two fungal species, NIFOS101 (NCBI accession number KY449288) or KFRI1212 (HQ662845), following which it was placed on water agar medium, prior to sowing seeds of G. elata. After 20 days of symbiotic culture, NIFOS101 and KFRI1212 germinated 94% and 70% of G. elata seeds, respectively, although the initiation of protocorm development was induced much earlier by KFRI 1212 than by NIFOS101. Furthermore, the NIFOS101 mycelia grew much faster than KFRI 1212 at all temperatures tested. A phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences showed that NIFOS101 belonged to a clade with M. purpureofusca, which completely differed from the clade with KFRI1212. This study not only identified a new fungal species, NIFOS101, which improved the rate of symbiotic seed germination up to 94% as compared to KFRI1212 (70%), but also revealed that G. elata required a broad taxonomic range of fungi for its symbiotic germination.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.10 no.1_2
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• pp.36-40
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• 1967

1. The effect of the pH value on P32 absorption of leaves of three forest trees under the water culture is investigated. 2. The degree of the P32 absorption to the pH value is quite different in each forest tree. 3. The phosphorus contents are proved higher in the leaves of Quercus accutissima(the saw shaped oak) than in the leaves of Pinus densiflora(the red pine) and Lespedeza bicolar (bush clover). 4. Larger contents of phosphorus are found in acidity plots than in alkalinity. The leaves of treated plot of the pH 4 (red pine), of the pH 5.0 (bush clover), and of the pH 5.0-6.5 (saw shaped oak) have a higher nutrient capital as indicated by P32 compared with that of the other pH values. 5. It is also noticed that P32 absorption capacity is decreased with the higher pH values. 6. The content of P of leaves shows the lowest value in the plot of the pH 6.5 (pine), of the pH 7.5(bush clover), and of the pH 9.0(saw shaped oak). It is also noticed that the red pine is to do very well in acid cultivation and then follow bush clover and saw shaped oak in the order.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1977

A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potentially valuable resource. As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Quercus grown in Korea can be enhanced by learning its anatomical structure and properties. In this paper, bark characteristics of Quercus grown in Korea are described. In bark anatomy, general features such as color of rhytidome, exfoliating form, color of periderm, arrangement of periderm, and thickness of the inner and outer hark. etc., arc discussed. Studies on the microscopic structure include sieve tube, companion cell, parenchyma, pholem fiber, ray, periderm(phelloderm, phelloogen, phellem), sclereid, and crystal, etc. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. In general characteristics of rhytidomes, exfoliating is not easy and sclereids are distint to the naked eye. Inner bark is thicker than that of outer bark except in case of Q. variabilis. 2. It is not clear to distinguish between phelloderm and phellogen in Quercus bark. The phellem is developed conspicuously in Q. variabilis but that of Q. accutissima is composed of thinwalled phellem and thickwalled stone cell. 3. Quercus Bark has sieve tube, companion cell, phloem fiber and sclereid. Sclereids of Quercus bark are the most distinguished characteristics comparing with pinus and populus. The volume percent of sclereids are higher than that of fiber. 4. Rays are 1~3 seriate, and multiseriate ranging with from 15 to 20. 5. Parenchyma cell contains two types, polygonal and druses crystal.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.317-325
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• 1991

Mineral nitrogen dynamics and net mineralization of nitrogen in oak(quercus accutissima) and pine(pinus rigida) forest soils were studied. Nitrogen mineralization was determined over 8-week period by incubation method at laboratory. Initial water content of incubating soils was adjusted by applying suction(30mmhg), and lossof water during incubation was recovered with deionized water using syringe at every 3 or 4days. Temperature of incubator was maintained with 35+0.3c during the incubation period. Content of organic matter, total nitrogen, nh4-n and no3-n in soils in oak stand were significantly highter than those in pine stand. soil ph was lower in pine stand than in oak stand. initial nh4-n and no3-n of soils used in incubation experiment were 12.6 ug/g and 6.5 ug/g for oak stand, and 5.3ug/g and 5.1 ug/g for pine stand, respectively. Production of nh4-n increased from the beginning st both stands, and showed a peak at 5th week in oak stand(28.5 ug/g) and 6th week in pine stand(16.7 ug/g), and then decreased. intial no3-n of soils in oak(6.5 ug/g) and pine(5.1ug/g)stands, increased to 36.2 ug/g in soils of oak stand(5th week) and 13.4 ug/g in pine stand(4th week), respectively. The low values of no3-n of the field soil in the growing season compared with those of incubating soils at both stands indicate that considerable amount of nh4-n and no3-n produced in soils of oak and pine stands during two-months incubation were 59.7 and 141.6mg/kg soil, and 51.9 and 41.2mg/kg soil, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.735-747
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• 2018

Radon radiation exposures in home have been posed as a potential cancer hazard. This research aims to present the basic data of the indoor radon concentration level by examining the radon exhalation rates of wood species. Radon exhalation rates from five commonly used wood species in Korean wood building construction were measured with Continuous Radon Monitor (CRM), Model 1028 (Sun Nuclear Co., USA) using the Closed Chamber Method (CCM). The mass exhalation rate was observed to vary from $0.00089Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ to $0.00181Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$, whereas the surface exhalation rate was observed to be $0.00677-0.01517Bq{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. The radon exhalation rate of Quercus accutissima Carruth (white oak) which has the highest density showed the highest figure among the five wood species, on the other hand, the rest of four species showed similar results which were similar to the radon exhalation rates of wood in the U.S.A. and Canada. The average of the concentration measured by the CCM represented well up to the second half-life period (7.7 days). Because result of these small quantities seems to indicate that radon exhalation from the tested wood species has almost negligible impact, the main culprit of the high indoor radon concentration is clearly derived from the background of surrounding wood house. Therefore, as a safety precaution, infrastructures made of wood materials should be designed with the consideration of influx of radon and built accordingly. Furthermore, it is highly desirable that wood will be needed to use for furniture and interior finishing material in indoor environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1999

Three kinds of soil surface applied herbicides and three kinds of foliage applied herbicides were used to study weed control effect, appropriate concentration, phyto-toxicity against trees and economical efficiency of weed control on trees, Pinus thunbergii, Picea abies, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Quercus accutissima, and Fraxinus rhynchopylla in a nursery. The results were obtained as follows; 1.The control effect of the soil surface applied herbicides showed that the three herbicides; Alachlor, Pendimenthalin and Simazine were alike in their holding effect of weed development, and the sensibility of weed spp. on the herbicides was different. The mean control effect was 58~89%. 2. The weed control effect of the foliage applied herbicides demonstrated that Paraquat dichloride was the best of 84~95% and followed by Glufosnate ammonium and Glyphosate. Especially when the half of its standard amount was treated, the effect of Paraquat dichloride was higher than the other herbicides. 3. Generally, the weed control effect became better as the concentration of the herbcide getting higher. As the concentration of the herbicide got higher, the restraining effect of weed development was continued for a long time in the soil surface applied herbicides, while the weed control effect appeared earlier in the foliage applied herbicides. 4. As the result of the soil surface treatments, 20% of short seedings of Fraxinus rhychopylla treated with twice amount of standard Alachlor died and the rest seeding showed low growth. In the other treatments, there was neither harmful effect of herbicides on the seedings nor growth decrease of them compared to those weeded by men. 5. When treated with foliage applied herbcides, leaves were partially of and discolorated in most treatments. About 0.4~6.2% of Fraxinus thynchopylla, which had short seedings died, and there was no difference in growth with the other treatments. 6. The herbicides showed better economical efficiency over 68% than weed control by men. Especially, Alachlaor of the soil surface applied herbicides showed the highest efficiency(77.6%), while Paraquat dichloride of the foliage applied herbicides was the best(70.3%)..