• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1086-1090
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• 2006

The chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract from the twigs of Acer tegmentosum led to the isolation of ten phenolic compounds. The structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods as 3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl-quercetin (1), 5,3'-dihydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxy flavone (2), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone (3), (-)-catechin (4), morin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-lyxoside (5), p-hydroxy phenylethyl-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (6), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy phenyl-1-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (7), fraxin (8), 3,5-dimethoxy-benzyl alcohol 4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (9) and 4-(2,3-dihydroxy propyl)-2,6-dimethoxy phenyl ${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (10). The compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines. Compound 3 exhibited good cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines with $ED_{50}$ values ranging from $1.32\;to\;3.85\;{\mu}M$.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

Six polyphenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid (CA), rutin (RT), isoquercitrin (IQT), quercetin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (QMG), astragalin (AG), kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (KMG), were isolated from mulberry leaves by a series of isolation procedures, such as Diaion HP-20, silica-gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-A column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the phenolic compounds were identified by UV and NMR spectral analyses. Levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves from six different mulberry cultivars ranged from 1,042.16 to 1,871.97 mg% per dry weight; Guksang cultivar showed the highest levels of polyphenols, whereas Gaeryangdaehwa contained the least polyphenol contents. Generally, levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves decreased with increasing harvest time, except for Yoolmok, but increased with heat processing time, except QMG and KMG. These results suggest that the heat processed mulberry leaves of Guksang cultivar harvested in early May can be potentially useful sources for production of high quality mulberry leaf teas.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1997

주목 잎을 채취하여 건조하고 아세톤-물 (7 : 3, v/v) 의 혼합액으로 추출한 후 에틸아세테이트 및 수용성 부분으로 분리하고 Sephadex-LH 20으로 충진한 칼럼을 이용하여 2개의 flavan 단량체와 2개의 후라보노이드 배당체를 단리하였다. 에틸아세테이트용성 추출물은 대부분 (+)-catechin 과 (-)-epicatechin으로 구성되어 있었으며 수용성 부분에서는 quercetin-3-0-arabinopyranosyl-($1"'{\rightarrow}6"$)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside와 quercetin-3-O-rutinoside 인 두 개의 탄수화물로 구성된 배당체를 분리하였으며 주목에서는 이들 화합물은 아직 보고된 바가 없다. 이들의 구조결정을 위하여 박층크로마토그래피를 실시하고 $^1H$-NMR과 $^{13}C$-NMR 스펙트럼을 기존의 스펙트럼과 비교, 분석하여 정확한 구조를 규명하였다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 1995

Phytochemical study on the aerial parts of Solanum lyratum (Solanaceae) was carried out. On the basis of phytochemical and spectroscopic evidences, compound I was identified as mixtures of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 2,6,10,15-tetramethyl heptadecane, tricosane, tetracosane, pentacosane, docosanoic acid methyl ester, docosane, tricosanoic acid methyl ester, 8-hexyl pentadecane, tetracosanoic acid methyl ester, pentatriacontane, hexatriacontane, eicosane, hexacosane, hentriacontane and stigmasta-5,23-dien $3-{\beta}-ol$, and compound II, III, IV and V were identified as hexacosanoic acid methyl ester, ${\beta}-sitosterol-{\beta}-{_D}-glucoside$, $3-O-{\alpha}-{_L}-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-{\beta}-{_D}-glucuronopyranosyl$ diosgenin and $3-O-{\alpha}-{_L}-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-{\beta}-{_D}-glucopyranosyl$ quercetin (rutin), respectively. Rutin was identified as one of the active principles having antioxidative effect from S. lyratum.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.233-244
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• 2008

In this study, the antioxidative effects, inhibitory effects on elastase and tyrosinase, and component analysis of Psidium guajava leaf extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activities $(FSC_{50})$ of extract/fractions of Psidium guajava leaf were in the order: 50% ethanol extract $(7.05{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethyl acetate fraction $(3.36{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction $(3.24{\mu}g/mL)$. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities $(OSC_{50})$ of some Psidium guajava leaf extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activities were 50% ethanol extract $(OSC_{50},\;2.17{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethyl acetate fraction $(0.64{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction $(3.39{\mu}g/mL)$. Aglycone fraction showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Psidium guajava leaf on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The Psidium guajava leaf extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner $(1{\sim}10{\mu}g/mL)$, particularly deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ${\tau}_{50}\;107.5min\;at\;1{\mu}g/mL)$. Aglycone fraction obtained from the deglycosylation reaction of ethyl acetate fraction among the Psidium guajava leaf extracts, showed 1 band in TLC and 1 peak in HPLC experiments (360 nm). One component was identified as quercetin. TLC chromatogram of ethyl acetate fraction of Psidium guajava leaf extract revealed 5 bands and HPLC chromatogram showed 5 peaks, which were identified as quercetin 3-O-gentobioside (10.32%) , quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (isoquercitin, 13.30%), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-galactoside (hyperin, 11.34%), quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-L-arabinoside (guajavarin, 19.70%), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-L-rhamnoside (quercitrin, 45.33%) in the order of elution time. The inhibitory effect of Psidium guajava leaf extracts on tyrosinase were investigated to assess their whitening efficacy. Finally, their anti-elastase activities were measured to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy in the human skin. Inhibitory effects $(IC_{50})$ on tyrosinase of some Psidium guajava leaf extracts was 50% ethanol extract $(149.67{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethylacetate fraction $(30.67{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated aglycone fraction $(17.10{\mu}g/mL)$. Inhibitory effects $(IC_{50})$ on elastase of some Psidium guajava leaf extracts was 50% ethanol extract $(6.60{\mu}g/mL)$ < deglycosylated aglycone fraction $(5.66{\mu}g/mL)$ < ethylacetate fraction $(3.44{\mu}g/mL)$. These results indicate that extract/fractions of Psidium guajava leaf can function as antioxidants in bioloigcal systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. And component analysis of Psidium guajava leaf extract and inhibitory activity on elastase of the aglycone fraction could be applicable to new functional cosmetics for smoothing wrinkles.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.300-304
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• 2004

Five caffeic acid derivatives; methyl ester of caffeoylglycolic acid (1), dimethyl ester of caffeoyltartaric acid (2), dimethyl ester of caffeoyltartronic acid (3), monomethyl ester of caffeoyltartronic acid (4), methyl ester of caffeic acid (5), and some other secondary metabolites including; quercetin, quercetin 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide methyl ester, kaempferol, 3,5,7,4'-O-tetramethylkaempferol, $\beta$-sitosterol glucoside, 2$\alpha$-hydroxyursolic acid and 2,24-dihydroxyursolic acid, have been isolated and characterized. All the isolated compounds were characterized with the help of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Structure of compound 3 was also confirmed by a single X-ray crystallographic technique. Isolates were evaluated for anti-oxidant activities and most of the tested compounds were found to be potent in DPPH free radical scavenging ($IC_{50}{\;}={\;}4.56-14.17{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/mL$) and superoxide anion scavenging ($IC_{50}{\;}={\;}0.58-7.39{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/mL$) assays.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.647-657
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• 2016

In this study, the antioxidative effects and active component analysis of 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction obtained from Prunella vulgaris L. were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($15.25{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($8.68{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction ($8.25{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay was investigated at 50% ethanol extract ($4.68{\mu}g/mL$), ethyl acetate fraction ($1.00{\mu}g/mL$), and aglycone fraction($1.02{\mu}g/mL$) respectively. In the cellular protective effect against $^1O_2$ induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes, extract/fractions of P. vulgaris L. were increased in a concentration dependent manner($1{\sim}25{\mu}g/mL$). Especially, ${\tau}_{50}$ of aglycone fraction at concentrations of $25{\mu}g/mL$ showed the most protective effects at 337.9 min. It's showed nine times higher (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol (${\tau}_{50}=38.7min$) as typical antioxidant in the $^1O_2$-induced photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. TLC and HPLC were used to analyse active components in the ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of P. vulgaris L. In ethyl acetate fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin 3-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) were identified. In aglycone fraction, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, kaempferol were identified. These results indicated that extract/fraction of P. vulgaris L. is may be used in cosmetics industry as natural antioxidants by quenching and/or scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protecting cellular membranes.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.120-125
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• 2019

In this paper, we have isolated six phenolic compounds, such as (+)-catechin (1), taxifolin (2), taxifolin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-(+)-xylose (3), quercetin (4), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L(+)-rhamnose (quercitrin) (5), apigenin-8-C-rhamnosyl-(1'''${\rightarrow}$2'')-glucoside (2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin) (6) from the EtOAc(Ethyl Acetate) and $H_2O$ soluble fractions of Japanese anise(Illicium anisatum L) leaves and twigs. Also, we have evaluated antioxidative and antiviral activity for each isolated compound. The antioxidative test was DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. According to the experimental results, all of the isolated compounds indicated the increased radical scavenging activities as the concentration increases and most of the isolated compounds indicated generally good antioxidative values compare to the controls, ascorbic acid and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. In the antiviral activities, all of the isolated compounds had no potentials in rhinovirus 1B (HRV 1B). But in enterovirus 71 (EV 71) and Influenza virus A/PR/8 (Influenza PR8), only quercetin (4) indicated the good antiviral activity compare to the control. Based on the above results, we found that the phenolic compounds of Japanese anise may be applied for one of the natural biomass sources that can be used as an antioxidant and an antiviral substance.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2009

Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Bistorta manshuriensis resulted in the isolation of two cerebrosides, two lactams, six phenolic compounds and seven flavonoids. Their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods to be pinelloside (1), soyacerebroside I (2), pterolactam (3), 5-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-one (4), vanillic acid (5), caffeic acid methyl ester (6), protocatechuic acid (7), caffeic acid (8), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester (9), chlorogenic acid methyl ester (10), avicularin (11), afzelin (12), quercetin (13), isoorientin (14), quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (15), quercitrin (16), and luteolin (17). The isolated compounds (1 - 4, 7, 12, 14) were isolated for the first time from this plant source and the compounds 1 - 4, 9 and 10 were first reported from the genus Bistorta. Compound 17 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity and compound 6 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using an SRB bioassay.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.319-326
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• 2011

Quercetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside (QGC) is a flavonoid glucoside extracted from Rumex Aquaticus Herba. We aimed to explore its protective effect against ethanol-induced cell damage and the mechanism involved in the effect in feline esophageal epithelial cells (EEC). Cell viability was tested and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate assay was used to detect intracellular $H_2O_2$ production. Western blotting analysis was performed to investigate MAPK activation and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression. Exposure of cells to 10% ethanol time-dependently decreased cell viability. Notably, exposure to ethanol for 30 min decreased cell viability to 43.4%. When cells were incubated with $50{\mu}M$ QGC for 12 h prior to and during ethanol treatment, cell viability was increased to 65%. QGC also inhibited the $H_2O_2$ production and activation of ERK 1/2 induced by ethanol. Pretreatment of cells with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium, also inhibited the ethanol-induced ERK 1/2 activation. Treatment of cells with ethanol for 30 or 60 min in the absence or presence of QGC exhibited no changes in the IL-6 expression or release compared to control. Taken together, the data indicate that the cytoprotective effect of QGC against ethanol-induced cell damage may involve inhibition of ROS generation and downstream activation of the ERK 1/2 in feline EEC.