• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the constituents of Pyrolusitum, which was used to eliminate static blood and inflammation, to establish the basis of clinical application. Methods: Qualitative analysis was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) using the sample as a powder, and the elemental content of granular sample was measured by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). 1 M hydrochloric acid and 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to observe the changing shape, respectively. Results: Qualitative analysis by XRD revealed that the Pyrolusitum samples used in the study contained quarts and kaolinite. Quantitative analysis by XRF revealed that the manganese content in the samples used in the study was 6.16% on average, while iron was contained the highest amount of 22.99%. The minor constituents include 1.08% of titanium, 0.30% of barium, 0.18% of lead, 0.06% of zirconium, 0.05% of chromium, 0.04% of zinc, 0.03% of cadnium, 0.02% of nickel, 0.01% of arsenic, 0.01% of copper, 0.01% of rubidium, 0.01% of strontium, 0.00% of molybdenum, respectively. And cobalt, which is reported to be a constituent of Pyrolusitum, was not detected at all in the samples of the study. Pyrolusitum was dissolved in dark brown when it was put into 1 M hydrochlorid acid, and there was brown precipitate when sodium hydroxide solution was added to Pyrolusitum and stirred. Conclusions: It was found that manganese and iron were the major constituents of Pyrolusitum, and it could be identified by using concentrated hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

1. Objectives This study was aimed to evaluate marker substances in Gamijowi-tang by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) 2. Methods The seperation was performed an AquasilC18(4.6X250mm)column by gradient elution with 0.1N H3PO4 in H2O - acetonitrile(0min 100:10,20min60:40, 40min 80:20, 60min 100:0) as the mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min with detection at 190-800nm 3. Results Ephedrine and schizandrin were established as marker substances in Gamijowi-tang and its qualitative analysis was carried out. Analyzed was similarity of marker substances between in standard article and in Gamijowi-tang. The result of the analysis was that ephedrine and schizadrin showed 0.9999 of similarity, which meant they were really ephedrine and schizadrin. In addition, ephedrin content was 12.16mg, pseudoephedrine conrenr was 5.09mg, and schizandrin content was 26.6mg in 76g of Gamijowi-tang. 4. Conclusions Qualitative and quantitative analyses of ephedrine and schizandrin in Gamijowi-tang were conducted, and it was identified thar they could be used as marker substances in standardizing quality of Gamijowi-rang.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.142-153
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the educational needs of interns and residents in Korean medicine as the first step in developing an education program to improve their research competencies. Methods: A mixed-method design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, was used to investigate the educational needs for research competencies among interns and residents working in Korean medicine hospitals nationwide. Data were collected through online surveys and online focus group discussions (FGDs), and processed using descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis. The study results were derived by integrating survey data and FGD outcomes. Results: In total, 209 interns and residents participated in the survey, and 11 individuals participated in two rounds of FGDs. The majority of participants felt a lack of systematic education in research and academic writing in postgraduate medical education and highlighted the need for nationally accessible education due to significant disparities in the educational environment across hospitals and specialties. The primary barrier to learning research and academic writing identified by learners was the lack of knowledge, leading to time constraints. Improving learners' research competencies, relationship building, autonomy, and motivation through a support system was deemed crucial. The study also identified diverse learner types and preferred educational topics, indicating a demand for learner-centered education and coaching. Conclusion: This study provides foundational data for designing and developing a program on education on research competencies for interns and residents in Korean medicine and suggests the need for initiatives to strengthen these competencies.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.416-424
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the predominant microorganisms in the industry treating MWFs(Metal working fluids). Methods: The bacteria and fungi were collected by agar plate impaction and bulk MWFs in storage tank at 54 sites in 9 shops in South Korea. The dominant bacteria and fungi isolated from agar media were identified by fatty acid analysis and morphological analysis, respectively. Results: Totally 111 dominant bacteria were identified in the process, outdoor, and bulk MWFs. The predominant bacterial genus was Micrococcus and Bacillus in the process and outdoor, Pseudomonas in bulk MWF. Among the identified 119 strains of fungi, Cladosporium and Penicillium genus were dominated. The ratios of bacteria designated biosafety level 2 and 1 were 30% and 21%, respectively. Conclusions: This study has investigated the dominant microorganisms in soluble MWF using industry. And it was useful that the qualitative evaluation method along with quantitative analysis for better understanding of the biological factors in the work environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2020

This research examines four specific objectives: (1) identifying factors that affect Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising, (2) measuring the level of impact of the factors, (3) testing the difference of attitudes among groups of consumers with different characteristics in terms of gender, age, income, and academic level, and (4) proposing some managerial implications to have better Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising. The study uses the online survey form via e-mail and Facebook in a convenience sampling method; the subjects surveyed are between the ages of 18 and 35, and all are in urban areas in Vietnam, and are using smartphones and accessing the internet and other phone applications. A sample of 490 respondents were valid and used for processing. The study employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze exploratory factors and linear multiple regression. The results reveal that there are five main factors affecting Vietnamese consumer attitudes towards smartphone advertising positively, arranged by reduced importance: entertainment, informativeness, credibility, non-irritation, permission and control. From that, the study offers some managerial suggestions for smartphone advertisers to improve their strategies and tatics to enhance their customer service, so that the smartphone advertising can attract people and help Vietnamese consumer in their buying behavior.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2008

An attempt was made in the Veeranam freshwater lake with the objectives to collect, identify, describe and document the algae occurring from March 2007 to August 2007. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of phytoplankton and analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water samples were carried out at monthly intervals during the study period in the western and eastern sides of the lake. It was found that the phytoplankton community embraced 68 genera belonging to four classes viz., Bacillariophyceae (40), Chlorophyceae (22), Cynophyceae (4) and Euglenophyceae (2). There were significant influences of various physico-chemical parameters on the phytoplankton population density. Commonly occurred genera, Oscillatoria (Cyanophyceae), Navicula (Bacillariophyceae) and Scenedesmus (Chlorophyceae), were subjected to energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis (EDS). They were found to accumulate different elements such as Zn, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, N, Si, Cl and Mn. Among these the member Cyanophyceae contained Zn, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, S and N. Bacillariophyceae Si, Zn, Mg, Cl, N, Fe, and Ca. Chlorophyceae Ca, Mg, N, Fe, Cl, Zn, Si and Mn. Thus these observations would determine the chemical dialogue between the cell structures and role of the elements. Further, it gives the clue about the phytoplankton growth requirements.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

Objectives : This study presents a high performance liquid chromatography methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of rosmarinic acid (RA) and caffeic acid (CA) in Perilla frutescens var. japonica and var. acuta. Methods : Chromatographic separation was performed using a mixture of methanol, water and formic acid (35 : 64.2 : 0.8) with a reversed-phase column (Gemini C18, 4.6 ${\times}$ 150 mm, 3 ${\mu}m$). The analyses were detected at UV (280 nm). Results : The samples were extracted with 50% EtOH under reflux for 1 h, and simultaneous determination for RA and CA in hyang-so-san and haeng-so-san was possible without interference peaks Conclusions : According the results, we developed a determination method for RA and CA in Perillae Folium. Owing to Perilla frutescens var. japonica and var. acuta did not show significant difference in contents of RA and CA, both Perilla frutescens could be available as herbal medicine.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Ear cartilage malformations are commonly encountered problems in reconstructive surgery, since cartilage has low self-regenerating capacity. Malformations that impose psychological and social burden on one's life are currently treated using ear prosthesis, synthetic implants or autologous flaps from rib cartilage. These approaches are challenging because not only they request high surgical expertise, but also they lack flexibility and induce severe donor-site morbidity. Through the last decade, tissue engineering gained attention where it aims at regenerating human tissues or organs in order to restore normal functions. This technique consists of three main elements, cells, growth factors, and above all, a scaffold that supports cells and guides their behavior. Several studies have investigated different scaffolds prepared from both synthetic or natural materials and their effects on cellular differentiation and behavior. Methods and Results: In this study, we investigated a natural scaffold (alginate) as tridimensional hydrogel seeded with progenitors from different origins such as bone marrow, perichondrium and dental pulp. In contact with the scaffold, these cells remained viable and were able to differentiate into chondrocytes when cultured in vitro. Quantitative and qualitative results show the presence of different chondrogenic markers as well as elastic ones for the purpose of ear cartilage, upon different culture conditions. Conclusions: We confirmed that auricular perichondrial cells outperform other cells to produce chondrogenic tissue in normal oxygen levels and we report for the first time the effect of hypoxia on these cells. Our results provide updates for cartilage engineering for future clinical applications.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the stability of a decoction using three herbal plants and their major components according to the storage conditions and periods. Materials and Methods: A three-herb mixture (1:1:1) of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Artemisia capillaris Thunberg, and Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesqui was decocted and kept at room temperature ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) or cold temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) for 0, 2, 4 or 8 weeks in liquid form in a plastic pack under dark conditions. At time points given, they were lyophilized. 200 mg of powdered samples were dissolved in 1 mL of 90% methanol and then applied to a high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) with glycyrrhizin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin or poncirin for quantitative or qualitative analysis. Results: There were no gross changes in HPTLC-based compositional band-patterns of the three herbal mixture according to the storage conditions and period. The major components of each herb, glycyrrhizin, 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin and poncirin, showed slight time-dependent reduction in their contents both at room and cold temperature for 8 weeks. Conclusion: We could conclude that the current herbal decoction is generally safe for the stability at both RT or CT for at least 8 weeks. Nevertheless, we proposed that further advanced studies are required for more multiple herbal mixtures and longer storage periods.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.2140-2146
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• 2020

Background: Stroke patients exhibit arm global synkinesis (GS), involuntary movement due to muscle weakness and irregular muscle tension. But currently there are few studies examined the effects of GS on activates of daily living in stroke patients. Objectives: To investigate the effects the effects of task-oriented bilateral movements, which promote brain plasticity and are based on neurological theory, using the unaffected arm and the affected arm. Design: Quasi-randomized trial. Methods: Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to experimental group I (n=10) and experimental group II (n=10). Before the intervention, arm GS was measured using surface electromyography, and the Motor Activity Log evaluated the quantitative and qualitative uses of the affected arm in daily life. The same items were measured four weeks later. Results: The changes in the GS of the arm of experimental group I showed statistically significant differences only in bending motions (P<.05). Both groups showed statistically significant differences in the amount of use (AOU) and the quality of movement (QOM) scores (P<.01). Comparing the groups, statistically significant differences in GS appeared during bending motions (P<.05), and in the AOU (P<.01) and the QOM scores (P<.05). Conclusion: The intervention in GS reduced the abnormal muscle tension of the affected side by increasing the use of the ipsilateral motor pathway, indicating its effectiveness in improving upper limb functions with smooth contraction and relaxation of the muscles.