• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 1997

Mitigation measures in EIS are the important factors in the effectiveness of EIS. This paper analyzed the content of mitigation measures described in the 30 EISs selected, using 7 analysis items in order to discover the degree of effectiveness of mitigation measures. 30 EISs used in this study were selected through variance maximization strategy, and the 7 analysis items were; 1) thoroughness of mitigation content, 2) quantification of mitigation content, 3) explicit description of mitigation effect, 4) likelihood of mitigation effect, 5) impacted area of mitigation effect, 6) time frame of mitigation effect, and 7) environmental impact of mitigation measures. The results showed that the effectiveness of mitigation measures in the analyzed EISs was relatively low both in the appropriateness and in the specificity. It was suggested that in order to improve the appropriateness of EIS as a decision making tool, the effect of mitigation measures, as well as the mitigation measures themselves, should be studied and described more thoroughly and specifically.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2007

Affective aspects of design attributes such as color, Pattern, and texture are important to the overall impression and the success of interior products. Among all the interior materials, wallpapers and flooring materials take up largest construction area and they are main components in creating affective impression for customers. This study aims to investigate the relationship between luxuriousness and related affective variables and design elements of wallpapers and flooring materials. The approach consists of 3 steps: (1) selecting related affective features and product design attributes through a literature survey, opinion of expert panel, and focus group interview, (2) conducting evaluation experiments, and (3) developing Kansei models using multivariate statistical analysis and analyzing critical attributes. Evaluation experiment was conducted using a questionnaire made up of 7-point scale and 100-point scale and 30 housewives and 20 interior designers participated in the evaluation experiment. The result of evaluation was analyzed through principal component regression and quantification I analysis. As a result of analyzing the survey data, the relationship between luxuriousness and related affective features and product design attributes was identified, moreover a optimal combination of the design component was identified. Consequently, it is expected that the results of the study would be a basis of the concept of emotion-based design by giving insights about how customers perceive the luxuriousness and suggesting the optimal combination, and providing specific quantitative design guidelines.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-32
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• 2010

Cross reacting antibodies can cause an overestimation of the results of immunoassays. Therefore, alternative methods are needed for the accurate quantification of steroids. Gas chromatography combined with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (GC-IDMS) is developed to quantify urinary active androgens, testosterone, epitestosterone and dihydrotestosterone, which are clinically relevant androgens to both hair-loss and prostate diseases. The method devised involves enzymatic hydrolysis with $\beta$-glucuronidase, solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction using methyl tert-butyl ether and subsequent conversion to pentafluorophenyldimethylsilyl-trimethylsilyl (flophemesyl-TMS) derivatives for sensitive and selective analysis in selected-ion monitoring mode. Flophemesyl-TMS derivatization not only eliminates matrix interference but also has a good peak resolution within a 6 min-run. A selective and sensitive GC technique with flophemesyl-TMS derivatives also allows accurate quantitative analysis of three active androgens when combined with IDMS. The limit of quantification of the three analytes was <50 pg/mL, and extraction recoveries ranged from 91.9 to 102.1%. The precision and accuracy were 1.2~6.5% and 89.0~106.7%, respectively. This GC-IDMS method can be useful for evaluating the drug efficacy and monitoring the biological processes responsible for male-pattern baldness and prostate diseases.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.399-411
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• 2018

The difficulty in modeling complex nonlinear structures lies in the presence of significant sources of uncertainties mainly attributed to sudden changes in the structure's behavior caused by regular aging factors or extreme events. Quantifying these uncertainties and accurately representing them within the complex mathematical framework of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) are significantly essential for system identification and damage detection purposes. This study highlights the importance of uncertainty quantification in SHM frameworks, and presents a comparative analysis between intrusive and non-intrusive techniques in quantifying uncertainties for SHM purposes through two different variations of the Kalman Filter (KF) method, the Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the Polynomial Chaos Kalman Filter (PCKF). The comparative analysis is based on a numerical example that consists of a four degrees-of-freedom (DOF) system, comprising Bouc-Wen hysteretic behavior and subjected to El-Centro earthquake excitation. The comparison is based on the ability of each technique to quantify the different sources of uncertainty for SHM purposes and to accurately approximate the system state and parameters when compared to the true state with the least computational burden. While the results show that both filters are able to locate the damage in space and time and to accurately estimate the system responses and unknown parameters, the computational cost of PCKF is shown to be less than that of EnKF for a similar level of numerical accuracy.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.67-72
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• 2023

A simple and accurate method was developed for the quantitative analysis of oleanonic acid (OA) from mastic gum. The analysis was carried out using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with a photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA). Our optimized method was validated by measuring various parameters, using an INNO C18 column fitted with a gradient elution system. The results revealed limits of detection and quantification of 0.34 and 1.042 ㎍/mL, respectively. The OA calibration curve exhibited excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.0625 to 2.0 mg/mL, with r² =0.9996. Accuracy tests revealed a high recovery rate of 99.44-103.66%, with precision values below 0.15%. These results suggest that the present analytical method can identify and quantify OA in mastic gum with high precision. The HPLC approach developed in this study might be applied to routine analyses and large-scale extraction procedures for OA content quantification.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.475-482
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• 2005

The expression of uncertainty applied to the chemical analysis is highly recommended with increasing demands upon the systematic quality assurance and control(QA/QC) with ISO 17025. For the quantification of quality source, 7 major common sources of uncertainty, normally contributing to the quality of the chemical analysis, were selected from QA/QC literatures of chemical analysis. They were classified into repeatability, drift, uncertainty in standards, linearity of calibration, homogeneity, stability of sample, and matrix effect. And, the quantification of the sources by means of measurement uncertainty was proposed as a prerequisite steps for QA/QC. Examples applied to the quantification procedures of modelling, combination and expression of standard uncertainty for the 7 major common sources were presented as a reference guide for QA/QC in chemical analysis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2017

Purpose: To compare different MR sequences for quantification of gadolinium concentration. Materials and Methods: Gadolinium contrast agents were diluted into 36 different concentrations. They were scanned using gradient echo (GRE) and ultrashort echo time (UTE) and R1, $R2^*$ and phase values were estimated from collected data. For analysis, ROI masks were made for each concentration and then ROI value was measured by mean and standard deviation from the estimated quantitative maps. Correlation analysis was performed and correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: Using GRE sequence, R1 showed a strong linear correlation at concentrations of 10 mM or less, and $R2^*$ showed a strong linear correlation between 10 to 100 mM. The phase of GRE generally exhibited a negative linear relationship for concentrations of 100 mM or less. In the case of UTE, the phase had a strong negative linear relationship at concentrations 100 mM or above. Conclusion: R1, which was calculated by conventional GRE, showed a high performance of quantification for lower concentrations, with a correlation coefficient of 0.966 (10 mM or less). $R2^*$ showed stronger potential for higher concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.984 (10 to 100 mM), and UTE phase showed potential for even higher concentrations with a correlation coefficient of 0.992 (100 mM or above).

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.572-584
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• 2007

The quantification of ammonia concentrations has received a lot of scientific attention. Numerous devices for the quantification of $NH_3$ in the ambient air have been developed to provide more technical possibilities for research in abating $NH_3$ emission from various source processes. For the proper quantification of $NH_3$, a number of sampling methods have been discussed by grouping them into different categories based on the principle of functioning. In general, active samplers employ pumps to draw air in, while passive samplers are exposed to air over a certain period of time to obtain integrated signature of $NH_3$. In case of the former, impingers and absorption flasks can be employed simultaneously with suitable absorbents to capture $NH_3$ passing through them. The methods of analysis include both in-situ and laboratory determination. In the laboratory, colorimetric or ion chromatographic methods are generally used for its quantification. In the field, a number of real time analyzers have been proven to be useful. These real time analyzers can be grouped according to their principle of operation. These analyzers may use the principle of spectroscopy (e.g. DOAS), photoacousticics (e.g. photoacoustic monitor) or Chemiluminescence ($NO_x$ analyzer). The automated annular denuder sampling system with on-line analyzer is also suitable for continuous monitoring of ammonia in air.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2002

The analysis of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzo furans(PCDFs) was performed by using four different gas chromatographic columns (SP-2331, DB-5, DB-17 and DB-DIOXIN). The data reported is pertaining to flue gas, fly ash, ambient air, soil and fish. The difference in quantification of samples according to four columns was observed, it was noted that major difference was observed in the flue gas when compared with soil, fly ash, ambient air and fish. The quantification of the same samples according to four columns it was also found that DB-5 column have the highest concentration whereas SP-2331 column showed the lowest concentration. The quantification of DB-17 column for 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF was found to be twice and three times higher when compared with other columns, whereas the quantification of DB-DIOXIN column for 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD was also found to be over estimated twice when compared with other columns.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.509-516
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• 1995

The uncertainty analysis for the in-vessel steam explosion during severe accidents at a nuclear power plant is performed using a probabilistic approach. This approach consists of four steps; 1) screening, 2) quantification of uncertainty 3) propagation of uncertainty, and 4) output analysis. And the specific methods which satisfy the sub-objectives of each step are prepared and presented. Compared with existing ones, the unique feature of this approach is the improved estimation of uncertainties through quantification, which ensures the defensibility of the resultant failure probability distributions. Using the approach, the containment failure probability due to in-vessel steam explosion is calculated. The results of analysis show that 1) pour diameter is the most dominant factor and slug condensed phase fraction is the least and 2) fraction of core molten is the second most dominant factor, which is identified as distinct feature of this study as compared with previous studies.