• 자원환경지질
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

일라이트에서 적층방식을 달리하여 나타나는 폴리타입은 대부분 1M과 $2M_1$이며, 적층 Disordering에 따른 $1M_d$ 또한 흔히 관찰된다. 본 해설에서는 일라이트의 폴리타입을 구분하고 정량적으로 해석할 수 있는 광물학적 이론적 근거와 방법을 소개하고, 소규모 열수환경에 준하는 단층대 내 생성시기 및 조건을 달리하는 일라이트 폴리타입 혼합물에의 적용을 통한 단층 활동 및 재활동연대 결정에의 활용 가능성을 검토하였다. 단층연대해석의 정확도와 신빙도를 높이기 위해서는 단층암 대상시료 내 일라이트 폴리타입의 생성환경에 대한 정보, 동정 및 광물학적 특성에 대한 규명이 이루어져야 한다. 또한 WILDFIRE(C)시뮬레이션을 이용한 정량분석에서, $1M_d$ 폴리타입의 Disordering 정도 및 I/S 광물의 팽창도에 기인한 (hkl) 회절선들의 Broadening 효과 등 일라이트 폴리타입 정량분석법의 오차요인을 최소화시키는 하기 방법을 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2010

As in the O. mykiss electrophoretic profiles of RNA, the signals of each RNA sample from 9 individual tissues such as liver, muscle, brain, heart, pituitary gland, kidney, intestine, spleen and gill similar to positive control were obtained. The tissue distributions of the complimentary DNA (cDNA) of O. mykiss four genes were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR with primer sets for tissue expression analysis. In this rainbow trout species, author obtained bands of various sizes, ranged from 700 bp to 1,400 bp. A dissociation curve was made at the end of each run to make sure that there was no non-specific amplification. Supplementarily, the Ct of each DNA was compared. The Ct values of vinculin with rainbow trout tissues were determined in a manner similar to those for agouti-related protein (AgRP) and melanocortin receptors (MC4R I and MC4R II). Further, obtained Cts for standard curve of each DNA were affected by specific product (vinculin, AgRP and MC4R II genes). After several experiments with four individual genes of rainbow trout, author estimated a variation ratio of the mean Ct value of the DNA extracted using the comparative CTt method was 37.27, and the standard deviation was 5.33. The correlation coefficient between the Ct values and the concentration of cDNA was -0.98, -0.99, -0.91 and -0.86, respectively (vinculin, AgRP, MC4R I and MC4R II genes). Since this correlation showed high linearity, the straight line obtained was used as a standard for the O. mykiss tissues reared in aquarium. A PCR efficiency of 100% is ideally achieved when the slopes are close to the theoretical value of -3.31. According to quantification method, the results of quantification are strongly affected by the DNA fragmentation. The size of most DNA fragments obtained from various tissues of rainbow trout used in the experiment was approximately 100 bp. According to the four slopes, an efficiency of nearly 100% was estimated for four genes detection methods. Additionally, further analysis with more individuals and primers will be required to fully establish optimization in rainbow trout.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.881-889
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• 2016

VE 평가에서 가치는 비용, 성능의 요소로서 구성이 되며, 이러한 요소들의 적절한 가치를 달성하기 위하여 정성적인 접근보다는 구체적인 수치로써 정량적으로 분석하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 현재 많은 국내 VE 평가에서 비용부분은 정량화하여 산정하고 있지만 기능부분은 정량화를 위한 체계적인 절차가 존재하지 않는다. 또한, VE 평가는 실무 성향이 강한 특성과 함께 과도한 정량화 및 객관화가 창의적인 의견 도출을 저하시킬 수 있다는 문제점들로 인해 과학적인 분석 방법론의 실제 적용에 한계가 존재하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실무적인 관점에서 VE 평가의 본질을 저해하지 않으며, VE 프로세스의 단순화와 객관화를 동시에 만족시킬 수 있는 VE 프로세스 단계별 개선 평가 방법론을 제시한다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2005

도로기하구조 설계기준은 운전자의 안전성 향상과 원활한 주행능력을 제공할 수 있도록 마련되었으나 지형조건이 열악한 우리나라의 경우 부득이 설계기준이 의도하는 방향과 운전자가 인지하는 특성에 차이를 보임으로써 안전성에 문제점이 있는 경우가 많다. 이러한 교통사고의 위험성을 감소시키기 위한 대책 중에 하나로 도로안전시설물을 설치하지만 설치한 안전시설물에 대한 평가는 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있으며, 특히 도로환경적 요인과 인적요인과의 관련성에 대한 연구는 상당히 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 도로 이용자들이 종단선형구간에서 느끼는 도로안전성 요인을 파악하기 위하여 차량시뮬레이터(Driving Simulator)와 3D 그래픽 화면으로 종단선형구간을 재현하고 도로안전시설물의 설치 유, 무에 따라 운전자가 느끼는 안전성의 변화와 도로 이미지를 조사하였다. 조사된 데이터를 바탕으로 수량화 제II류에 의한 정준상관분석을 실시하여 도로 안전성의 영향 요인을 분석하였으며 수량화제 I류에 의한 모형화를 실시하여 안전성을 예측한 결과 도로안전시설물과 운전자가 느끼는 안전성과의 관계를 명확히 규명할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1139-1143
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• 2002

Analysis of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) is of clinical importance as they can serve a potential marker for ovarian and other gynecological cancers and obesity. It is critically important to develop a highly sensitive and specific method for the early detection of gynecological cancers to improve the overall outcome of this disease. We have established a novel quantification method of LPAs in human plasma by negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode without the conventional TLC step. Protein-bound lipids, LPAs in plasma were extracted with methanol : chloroform (2:1) containing LPA C14:0 as an internal standard under acidic condition. Following back extraction with chloroform and water, the centrifuged lower phase was evaporated and reconstituted in methanol. The reconstituted solution was directly injected into electrospray source of MS/MS. For MRM mode, Q1 ions selected were m/z 409, 433, 435, 437 and 457 which corresponds to molecular mass [M-H]- of C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, C18:0 and C20:4 LPA, respectively. Q2 ions selected for MRM were m/z 79, phosphoryl product. Using MS/MS with MRM mode, all the species of LPAs were completely separated from plasma matrix without severe interferences. This method allowed simultaneous detection and quantification of different species of LPAs in a plasma over a linear dynamic range of 0.01-25 ㎛olL-1 . The detection limit of the method was 0.3 pmol/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983 in most LPAs analyzed. When applied to the plasmas of normal and gynecological cancer patients, this new method differentiated two different groups by way of total LPA level.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2019

Background: In the current phytochemical research on ginseng, the differentiation and structural identification of ginsenosides isomers remain challenging. In this paper, a two-dimensional mass spectrometry (2D-MS) method was developed and combined with statistical analysis for the direct differentiation, identification, and relative quantification of protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside isomers. Methods: Collision-induced dissociation was performed at successive collision energy values to produce distinct profiles of the intensity fraction (IF) and ratio of intensity (RI) of the fragment ions. To amplify the differences in tandem mass spectra between isomers, IF and RI were plotted against collision energy. The resulting data distributions were then used to obtain the parameters of the fitted curves, which were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the differences between these distributions via the unpaired t test. Results: A triplet and two pairs of PPD-type ginsenoside isomers were differentiated and identified by their distinct IF and RI distributions. In addition, the fragmentation preference of PPD-type ginsenosides was determined on the basis of the activation energy. The developed 2D-MS method was also extended to quantitatively determine the molar composition of ginsenoside isomers in mixtures of biotransformation products. Conclusion: In comparison with conventional mass spectrometry methods, 2D-MS provides more direct insights into the subtle structural differences between isomers and can be used as an alternative approach for the differentiation of isomeric ginsenosides and natural products.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.1211-1220
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 소형 X-밴드 이중편파 레이더의 수평반사도 (ZH), 차등반사도(ZDR), 교차상관계수(ρHV)의 RHI(range height indicator) 연직단면과 PPI (plan position indicator)의 고도각 경사거리(slant range) 빔의 프로파일 분석을 통하여 밝은 띠(bright band, BB)의 특성을 탐색하였다. 분석 결과, X-밴드 레이더의 이중편파 변수들을 이용하여 밝은 띠 영역을 명확히 탐지할 수 있었으며, 동시간대의 RHI 및 PPI 관측 자료를 이용한 이중적인 밝은 띠 영역을 탐색하여 그 결과가 일치함을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 토대로 현업에서 RHI 관측없이 PPI 볼륨관측만 수행하는 대형 강우레이더에도 본 연구의 PPI 고도각 경사거리에 의한 BB 탐색 방법을 적용함으로써 QPE (quantification of precipitation estimation)의 정확성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.673-686
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• 2022

Deep learning algorithms for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) have been extracting the interest of researchers and engineers. These algorithms commonly used loss functions and evaluation indices like the mean square error (MSE) which were not originally designed for SHM problems. An updated loss function which was specifically constructed for deep-learning-based structural damage detection problems has been proposed in this study. By tuning the coefficients of the loss function, the weights for damage localization and quantification can be adapted to the real situation and the deep learning network can avoid unnecessary iterations on damage localization and focus on the damage severity identification. To prove efficiency of the proposed method, structural damage detection using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) was conducted on a truss bridge model. Results showed that the validation curve with the updated loss function converged faster than the traditional MSE. Data augmentation was conducted to improve the anti-noise ability of the proposed method. For reducing the training time, the normalized modal strain energy change (NMSEC) was extracted, and the principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted for dimension reduction. The results showed that the training time was reduced by 90% and the damage identification accuracy could also have a slight increase. Furthermore, the effect of different modes and elements on the training dataset was also analyzed. The proposed method could greatly improve the performance for structural damage detection on both the training time and detection accuracy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2023

Many studies have been conducted to improve technology for semen cryopreservation in pigs. However, computer-assisted analysis of sperm motility and morphology is insufficient to predict the molecular function of frozen-thawed semen. More accurate expression patterns of boar sperm proteins may be derived using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique. In this study, the iTRAQ-labeling system was coupled with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis to identify differentially expressed CM10-fractionated proteins between fresh and frozen-thawed boar semen. A total of 76 protein types were identified to be differentially expressed, among which 9 and 67 proteins showed higher and lower expression in frozen-thawed than in fresh sperm samples, respectively. The classified functions of these proteins included oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix, and pyruvate metabolic processes, which are involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis; and sperm flagellum and motile cilium, which are involved in sperm tail structure. These results suggest a possible network of biomarkers associated with survival after the cryopreservation of Duroc boar semen.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5D호
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• pp.597-607
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• 2008

첨단여행자정보시스템은 운전자에게 자동차 주행 중 필요한 소요시간정보, 교통정체정보, 우회정보, 유고정보 등과 같은 유익한 정보를 직접 제공할 수 있는 시스템으로 다른 시스템과 비교해 특히, 중요한 분야로 주목받고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 교통정보제공에 따른 고속도로이용자의 만족도와 같은 정성적인 항목에 대한 연구가 미진한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고속도로 이용자를 대상으로 개별면접 설문조사를 통해 수집된 고속도로의 교통정보만족도 이미지 데이터를 바탕으로 수량화 제II류에 의한 정준판별분석 및 정준상관분석을 실시하여 고속도로 교통정보 제공에 따른 이용자 만족도에 대한 영향 요인을 규명하였다. 또한 수량화 제I류에 의한 모형화를 실시하여 도로이용자가 느끼는 고속도로 교통정보 만족도에 대한 인식의 변화를 파악하여 고속도로이용자의 인식과 고속도로 교통정보 만족도의 상관성을 명확하게 규명하였다. 마지막으로 고속도로의 교통정보만족도 이미지 특성을 명확하게 규명하기 위하여 주성분 분석을 실시하여 고속도로이용자의 감성인식의 변화를 규명하고, 구조방정식이론을 이용하여 사회인식 및 고속도로 이용자의 실제인식의 변화가 고려된 고속도로의 교통정보 만족도 평가 모형을 개발하였다.