• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2013

The ERETIC (Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations)2 method is a new qNMR experimental technique to measure analytes based on the signal of the reference compound without additional hardware equipment. In this study, ERETIC2 method was validated, and we sought to identify whether it would be possible to apply this method to a specific compound analysis of metabolites in plant. The $90^{\circ}$ pulse value (P1) and spin-lattice relaxation time ($T_1$) of each compound were measured for ERETIC2. The $9^1H$ of 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionic-2,2,3,3-$d_4$ acid (TSP) was used as a reference peak for ERETIC 2, and then, a suitable solvent and pulse sequence for each compound were selected. Under the NOESY-presat sequence, the relative accuracy error for quantitative analyses of primary metabolites was within the range of 5%, with the exception of glucose, which showed ${\geq}$ 55% error due to saturation. It showed excellent results for the quantification of glucose by using a $30^{\circ}$ pulse sequence, which did not suppress the water peak. In addition, the quantitative accuracy for secondary metabolites was extremely accurate, with an error ${\leq}$5% when considering the purity of the standard sample. The ERETIC2 method showed outstanding linearity, precision, and accuracy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2018

Fruits of 10 cultivars ('Blue Gold', 'Brigitta', 'Coville', 'Duke', 'Nelson', 'North Blue', 'Rancocas', 'Sierra', Sunrise, and 'Weymouth') of blueberries (Vaccinum corymbosun) were analyzed for characteristics, contents of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids and antioxidant activity in this study. Fruit weights ranged from 0.83 to 1.88 g. Total soluble solids concentration varied from 9.7 in 'Duke' to $16.6^{\circ}Brix$ in 'Sierra' with titratable acidities of 0.94 % in 'Sunrise' and 1.75% in 'Brigitta'. There are relatively high contents in 'North Blue' ($23.75mg\;GAE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$) and low contents in 'Coville' ($17.15mg\;GAE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$) in total phenolic compounds. Contents of total phenolic compounds were high in 'Nelson'($14.1mg\;QE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$) and low in 'Duke' ($10.1mg\;QE{\cdot}g^{-1}\;FW$). Analysis of antioxidant activity of blueberry fruits showed that there were high acitiviites of ABTS+ radical scavenging in 'Rancoccas' (82.2%), 'Bluegold' (79.6%), and 'Nelson' (77.8%), and high activities of DPPH radical scavenging in 'Rancocca' (76.0%), and high in hydroxy radical scavenging in 'Nelson' (73.0%). Quantification analysis method of qualitative data showed that 'Bluegold', 'Nelson', 'Northblue', and 'Rancocas' had high contents of phenol and flavonoid compounds, and activity antioxidants of berries. Blueberry cultivars selected by statistical quantification analysis can be utilized as valuable genetic resources for breeding of blueberry with high antioxidant activities in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 2004

Purpose: Population based structural and functional maps of the brain provide effective tools for the analysis and interpretation of complex and individually variable brain data. Brain MRI and PET standard templates and statistical probabilistic maps based on image data of Korean normal volunteers have been developed and probabilistic maps based on cytoarchitectonic data have been introduced. A quantification method using these data was developed for the objective assessment of regional intensity in the brain images. Materials and Methods: Age, gender and ethnic specific anatomical and functional brain templates based on MR and PET images of Korean normal volunteers were developed. Korean structural probabilistic maps for 89 brain regions and cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps for 13 Brodmann areas were transformed onto the standard templates. Brain FDG PET and SPGR MR images of normal volunteers were spatially normalized onto the template of each modality and gender. Regional uptake of radiotracers in PET and gray matter concentration in MR images were then quantified by averaging (or summing) regional intensities weighted using the probabilistic maps of brain regions. Regionally specific effects of aging on glucose metabolism in cingulate cortex were also examined. Results: Quantification program could generate quantification results for single spatially normalized images per 20 seconds. Glucose metabolism change in cingulate gyrus was regionally specific: ratios of glucose metabolism in the rostral anterior cingulate vs. posterior cingulate and the caudal anterior cingulate vs. posterior cingulate were significantly decreased as the age increased. 'Rostral anterior'/'posterior' was decreased by 3.1% per decade of age ($P<10^{-11}$, r=0.81) and 'caudal anterior'/'posterior' was decreased by 1.7% ($P<10^{-8}$, r=0.72). Conclusion: Ethnic specific standard templates and probabilistic maps and quantification program developed in this study will be useful for the analysis of brain image of Korean people since the difference in shape of the hemispheres and the sulcal pattern of brain relative to age, gender, races, and diseases cannot be fully overcome by the nonlinear spatial normalization techniques.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2012

The analysis and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is crucial, as they initiate the biological removal of ammonia-nitrogen from sewage. Previous methods for analyzing the microbial community structure, which involve the plating of samples or culture media over agar plates, have been inadequate because many microorganisms found in a sewage plant are unculturable. In this study, to exclusively detect AOB, the analysis was carried out via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using a primer specific to the amoA gene, which is one of the functional genes known as ammonia monooxygenase. An AOB consortium (S1 sample) that could oxidize an unprecedented 100% of ammonia in 24 h was obtained from sewage sludge. In addition, real-time PCR was used to quantify the AOB. Results of the microbial community analysis in terms of carbon utilization ability of samples showed that the aeration tank water sample (S2), influent water sample (S3), and effluent water sample (S4) used all the 31 substrates considered, whereas the AOB consortium (S1) used only Tween 80, D-galacturonic acid, itaconic acid, D-malic acid, and $_L$-serine after 192 h. The largest concentration of AOB was detected in S1 ($7.6{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$), followed by S2 ($3.2{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$), S4 ($2.8{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$), and S3 ($2.4{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.367-381
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• 2010

Recent urbanization and abnormal weather have induced enormous changes in the characteristics of both runoff and pollutant occurrence. Thus, sophisticated watershed modeling of water quality is required. In order to manage non point sources in a watershed, quantitative analysis should be preliminarily performed. However, it is difficult to conduct quantitative analysis since complex natural phenomenon need to be reflected in the modeling. Also, travel time analysis for pollutants and separation of point and non point sources are not easy to carry out. The objective of this study is to quantify non point sources in watershed using soil and land use map and to make the full use of the results in managing non point sources. To do this, non point sources are quantified using a watershed model, SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools). The result of study conform with result of National Institute of Environmental Research.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1563-1570
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• 2023

In this study, a DeCART/MIG uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis code system with a multicorrelated cross section stochastic sampling (S.S.) module was established and verified through the UAM (Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling) and the BEAVRS (Benchmark for Evaluation And Validation of Reactor Simulations) benchmark calculations. For the S.S. calculations, a sample of 500 DeCART multigroup cross section sets for two major actinides, i.e., ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U, were generated by the MIG code and covariance data from the ENDF/B-VII.1 evaluated nuclear data library. In the three pin problems (i.e. TMI-1, PB2, and Koz-6) from the UAM benchmark, the uncertainties in k_inf by the DeCART/MIG S.S. calculations agreed very well with the sensitivity and uncertainty (S/U) perturbation results by DeCART/MUSAD and the S/U direct subtraction (S/U-DS) results by the DeCART/MIG. From these results, it was concluded that the multi-group cross section sampling module of the MIG code works correctly and accurately. In the BEAVRS whole benchmark problems, the uncertainties in the control rod bank worth, isothermal temperature coefficient, power distribution, and critical boron concentration due to cross section uncertainties were calculated by the DeCART/MIG code system. Overall, the uncertainties in these design parameters were less than the general design review criteria of a typical pressurized water reactor start-up case. This newly-developed DeCART/MIG UQ analysis code system by the S.S. method can be widely utilized as uncertainty analysis and margin estimation tools for developing and designing new advanced nuclear reactors.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_1
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• pp.621-635
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• 2023

The assessment of structural condition is a crucial process for evaluating its usability and determining the diagnostic cycle. The currently employed manpower-based methods suffer from issues related to safety, efficiency, and objectivity. To address these concerns, research based on deep learning using images is being conducted. However, acquiring structural damage data is challenging, making it difficult to construct a substantial amount of training data, thus limiting the effectiveness of deep learning-based condition assessment. In this study, we propose a foundation model-based 2-step structural damage analysis to overcome the lack of training data in image-based structural condition assessments. We subdivided the elements of structural condition assessment into instantiation and quantification. In the quantification step, we applied a foundation model for image segmentation. Our method demonstrated a 10%-point increase in mean intersection over union compared to conventional image segmentation techniques, with a notable 40%-point improvement in the case of rebar exposure. We anticipate that our proposed approach will enhance performance in domains where acquiring training data is challenging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.104-118
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• 2003

It has been criticized that conventional human reliability analysis (HRA) methodologies for probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) have been focused on the quantification of human error probability (HEP) without detailed analysis of human cognitive processes such as situation assessment or decision-making which are crticial to successful response to emergency situations. This paper introduces a new human reliability analysis (HRA) methodology, AGAPE-ET (A guidance And Procedure for Human Error Analysis for Emergency Tasks), focused on the qualitative error analysis of emergency tasks from the viewpoint of the performance of human cognitive function. The AGAPE-ET method is based on the simplified cognitive model and a taxonomy of influencing factors. By each cognitive function, error causes or error-likely situations have been identified considering the characteristics of the performance of each cognitive function and influencing mechanism of PIFs on the cognitive function. Then, overall human error analysis process is designed considering the cognitive demand of the required task. The application to an emergency task shows that the proposed method is useful to identify task vulnerabilities associated with the performance of emergency tasks.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2012

Objective: The main objective of this study is to propose a user-centered assessment metric for ubiquitous services. Background: As the ubiquitous era took off, the interactions between ubiquitous services and users have come to take an important position. It is essential to conceptualize a new assessment model that considers human-system interaction capability with a user-centered design perspective. Method: The evaluation model for the interactivity of ubiquitous service was approached from the concept of usability and inter-personality of services. As a validation study, suggested assessment metric was utilized to evaluate the u-Home service. Priority weighting of each assessment metric was derived using the quantification type-I analysis. Results: To evaluate interactivity, this study suggested a quantitative metric for user testing performed after classifying the interactivity characteristics to contextualization; ubiquity; user experience; and service capability. Conclusion: This study suggest the metric for the ubiquitous service that are experienced in real life, and introduced the concept of ubiquitous service interactivity. Application: The suggested evaluation metric can be used to evaluate interactivity level of ubiquitous service and identify the potential problem and usability requirements at the early stage of service development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.396-401
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• 2014

In this study, we used NIR spectrum method instead of conventional HPLC method to shorten the analysis and manufacturing time of the loxoprofen products. Loxoprofen mixtures with other pharmaceutical additives were prepared and evaluated by the NIR spectrometer and the HPLC system. Validation of both methods was performed for specificity, accuracy and precision. NIR spectrometer method was validated and revealed proper results for the in-process quality control in the pharmaceutical field. In conclusion, NIR spectrometry can be replaced by HPLC method.