• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

종합적인 보건시스템을 지원하기 위한 완화의료정책의 개발과 강화가 세계적으로 강조되고 있다. 우리나라에서는 암정복 10개년 계획과 국가암관리종합계획의 기틀 하에 암정책의 일환으로, 호스피스완화의료정책이 시행되어왔고, 2003년 암관리법(Cancer Control Act)을 제정하여 법적 근거를 마련하였으며, 최근 호스피스 완화 의료 및 임종과정에 있는 환자의 연명의료결정에 관한 법을 제정하여 시행할 예정이다. 호스피스완화의료정책의 대상은 최근 관련법의 제정에 따라, 말기암환자에서 암(Cancer), 후천성면역결핍증(Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS), 만성 폐쇄성 호흡기질환(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD), 만성간경화(Chronic Liver Disease/Live Cirrhosis) 등으로 확대되었고, 급여체계는 2015년에 모든 의료기관에 일당 정액수가와 행위별 수가의 복합지불방식으로 완화의료 건강보험제도가 시행되었다. 전달체계관련 건강보험제도는 입원형과 자문형, 그리고 가정형으로 구분되고, 완화의료전문기관의 지정 평가 지원제도가 운영되고 있으며, 재원체계는 건강보험기금과 국가지원금으로 조달되고 있다. 호스피스 완화의료 관련법의 시행에 앞서, 정책대상의 사회적 합의가 요구되며, 낮은 급여체계의 현실화, 민관협력을 통한 호스피스완화의료 표준설정과 전문요원양성, 질 관리 및 평가체계정립, 그리고 장기요양보험과 호스피스기금 등을 활용한 안정적인 재정체계를 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.117-135
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• 2007

본 연구는 1) 고등교육기관에 있는 장애 학습자와 그들의 웹 기반 교수자(web-based instructional personnel: WBI 교수자)의 웹 접근성에 관한 인식도를 알아보고, 장애 학습자들을 위한 접근 가능한 WBI를 설계 개발하기 위해 WBI 교수자들에 의해 실제로 사용되고 있는 효과적인 WBI 교수설계전략들은 무엇인지를 밝혀내는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 위해 미국 중서부 지역 소재 대학에 재학(직) 중인 16명의 장애 학습자와 WBI 교수자들이 개별 인터뷰에 참여하였다. 연구 결과, 장애 학습자나 WBI 교수자들은 웹 접근성에 대해 거의 알지 못하고, 이를 위한 준비도 되어 있지 않았다. 그러나 웹 접근성을 제공하는 것은 장애 학습자에 대한 기회의 평등과 삶의 질을 보장하는 것이며, 이는 혁신적인 기술에 의해 상당부분 해소될 수 있다는 강한 신념을 가지고 있었고, 웹 접근성 규준이나 지침을 통과하였다 하더라도 이는 웹 접근성을 보장하기 위한 최종 단계가 아닌 시작에 불과하다고 인식했다 WBI 교수자들은 또한 장애 학습자를 포함, 보다 다양한 학습자들의 요구를 수용하기 위해서는 다양한 교수방법 등이 제공되어야 하며, 비록 웹 접근성과 이를 구현하기 위한 구체적인 방안에 대해서는 잘 모르지만 접근 가능한 WBI를 설계 개발하기 위해서는 적절한 WBI 교수설계전략이 사용되어야 한다고 주장했다. 마지막으로. 접근 가능한 WBI를 만들기 위해 WBI 교수자들에 의해 사용된 몇 가지 효과적인 교수설계전략들이 기술되었다.

• 지역연구
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.3-21
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• 2024

안전한 주거환경은 인간의 삶의 질을 제고하고 자아실현을 통한 지역 사회의 발전을 도모하는데 영향을 미친다. 특히, 욕구 충족을 위한 물리적·심리적 환경이자 안정감과 불안감 해소에 영향을 미치므로 지역의 정주성에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 안전은 주요한 주거 욕구에 해당하나, 현재 주택 정책은 주택 공급을 중심으로 구성되는 경향을 보이며, 청년 1인 가구의 정주성을 높이기 위한 상위 욕구 충족에 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 청년 1인 가구를 대상으로 주거 욕구 충족과 안전 불평등 해소를 위해 범죄 위험인식에 대한 실제 범죄 발생 간의 차이가 나타나는 낙인효과 발생 지역을 도출하고 범죄 발생에 비해 범죄 위험 인식이 낮은 지역을 비교집단으로 설정하여 주거 욕구 항목의 만족도와 중요도 차이를 맨-휘트니 검정과 중요도-만족도 분석을 통해 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 또한, 성별에 따른 주거욕구의 만족도와 중요도가 다를 수 있으므로, 이를 고려하여 주거욕구의 차이를 분석한 후 정책의 우선순위를 도출하였다. 이를 통해 주거욕구에 대한 지역의 낙인효과와 성별에 따른 결핍욕구를 고려하여 정책적 시사점을 제공하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2000

This study which applies to the 403 healthy people who don't have particular diseases recently(193 urban aged. 210 rural aged) among male and female aged over 60 years old living in Daegu(city) and Gyungbook(agricultural village) is fulfilled from November 1st to December 31st by interview using the questioned paper which researcher developed, and reached to these tallowing conclusions. 1. Every aged men independent of the place residence answered positively yes but aged women had weak assurance of their health. Especially $38.6\%$ of rural aged women said yes and $51.4\%$ of rural aged women said no. 2. In the sleep and well-regulated life, urban and rural aged generally marked on the sound sleep. Compared with male and female, men answered they had better sleep and regulated life than women. 3. The percentage of the urban and rural aged's judgement on their activity was high and the percentage of the rural aged was lower than the percentage of the urban aged. 4. While $62.6\%$ of urban aged answered they were active. $38.6\%$ of rural female aged answered yes, This shows that the rural female aged regard their health is not good. 5. Compared with same generation. urban aged ranked lower than urban aged in the confidence of physical strength. Especially rural need women answered $42.1\%$ of them were weaker than the same generation. This shows that rural aged women don't have confidence in general physical activities. 6. Taking exercises three times a week which can influence on health cue to sixties and seventies aged ranked $26.1\%$, rarely do is $18.8\%$ and never do is$28.8\%$. Urban and rural aged do not exercise on the purpose of health. 7. The reason of exercise was to advance the physical strength and quality of motion$(34.9\%)$ to get rid of stress$(13.4\%)$ and to prevention of adult illness$(27.8\%)$, prevention of fatness$(15.3\%)$. Aged have a correct understanding that exercise can promote health and protect from the diseases of adult people because the items about the diseases of adult people was marked high. 8. Among the subject of total investigation, 209 persons answered. It showed necessary to recognize that the exercise is still important essential part between adult illness and health care. 9. The $67.7\%$ of urban aged men answered yes in the question of undergoing a physical examination but the rate of not undergoing a physical examination was high in rural aged and urban aged women. According to this, there were the difference of consciousness about health between urban and rural aged. and men and women. 10. Among the people who haying undergone the physical examination, $80.3\%$ of the aged went back to the hospital again because of the result. 11. In the case of stroke, most aged answered the would be placed under medical care. but $53.9\%$ of rural aged women answered they would rely on Chinese medicine. According to this. aged preferred Chinese medicine in some particular diseases. 2. The $58.1\%$ of whole object of this study answered that stroke would be recovered.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.958-969
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• 1998

In this study, we attempted to investigate the needs and problems of the terminal cancer patients and their family caregivers to provide them with nursing information to improve their quality of life and prepare for a peaceful death. Data was collected from August 1, 1995 to July 31, 1996 at the internal medicine unit of S hospital in Seoul area with the two groups of participants who were family members of terminal cancer patients seventy four of them were in-patients and 34 were out-patients who were discharged from the same hospital for home care. The research tool used in this study has been developed by selecting the questionnaires from various references, modifying them for our purpose and refining them based on the results of preliminary study. While general background information about the patients was obtained by reviewing their medical records, all other information was collected by interviewing the primary family caregivers of the patients using the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed with the SPSS PC/sup +/ program. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Most frequently complained symptoms of the terminal cancer patients were in the order of pain(87%), weakness(86.1%), anorexia(83.3%) and fatigue (80.6%). 2) Main therapies for the terminal cancer patients were pain control (58.3%), hyperalimentation(47.2%) and antibiotics(21.3%). 3) Special medical devices that terminal cancer patients used most were oxygen device (11.1%), and feeding tube(5.6%). Other devices were used by less than 5% of the patients. 4) The mobility of 70.4% of the patients was worse than ECOG 3 level, they had to stay in bed more than 50% of a day. 5) Patients wanted their medical staffs to help relieve pain(45.4%), various physical symptoms(29.6%), and problems associated with their emotion(11.1%). 6) 16.7% of the family caregivers hoped for full recovery of the patients, refusing to admit the status of the patients. Also, 37% wished for the extension of the patient's life at least for 6 months. 7) Only 38.9% of the family members was preparing for the patient's funeral. 8) 45.4% of family caregivers prefer hospital as the place for the patient's death, 39.8% their own home, and 14.8% undetermined. 9) Caregivers of the patients were mostly close family members, i.e., spouse(62%), and sons and daughters or daughter-in-laws(21.3%). 10) 43.5% of the family caregivers were aware of hospice care. 46.8% of them learned about the hospice care from the mass media, 27.7% from health professionals, and the rest from books and other sources. 11) Caregivers were asked about the most difficult problems they encounter in home care, 41 of them pointed out the lack of health professionals they can contact, counsel and get help from in case of emergency, 17 identified the difficulty of finding appropriate transportation to hospital, and 13 stated the difficulty of admission in hospital as needed. 12) 93.6% of family caregivers demanded 24-hour hot line, 80% the visiting nurses and doctors, and 69.4% the volunteer's help. The above results indicate that terminal patients and their family caregivers demand help from qualified health professionals whenever necessary. Hospice care system led by well-trained medical and nursing staffs is one of the viable answers for such demands.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1975

(1) 보육원경영주(保育園經營主)는 원아(園兒)들의 체력(體力)이나 건강면(健康面)을 고려(考慮)해서 영양관리(營養管理)에 유기적변화(劉期的變化)를 가(加)해야 하며 행정당국(行政當局)도 양적(量的)인 보육원경영(保育園經營)을 지양(止揚)하고 물적면(質的面)에 치중(置重)해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 외원(外援)이나 내자지원(內資支援)을 받는 보육원(保育園)이 합리적(合理的)으로 운영(運營)의 묘(妙)를 기(期)한다면 체육중학수준(體育中學水準)에는 미급(未及)일망정 일반가정아(一般家庭兒)의 생활수준(生活水準)을 오히려 능가할 수도 있을 것으로 예측한다. (2) 체육중학교생(體育中學校生)의 1 일(日) 평균(平均) Cal 섭취량(攝取量)은 연령(年齡)(체중(體重))과 운동량(運動量)에 비(比)하여 과식(過食)을 하는 형편(形便)이 아닌가 우려(憂慮)된다. 따라서 영양사(營養士)에게는 영양(營養)의 공급량(供給量)에 대(對)하여 새로운 검토(檢討)가 요망(要望)된다. (3) 기생충감염여부(寄生蟲感染如否)는 고려(考慮)하지 않았다. 그것은 체육중학교(體育中學校)에서 일정(一定)한 식단(食單)(menu)으로 생활(生活)($1{\sim}2$년(年))이 계속(繼續)되는 학생(學生)들의 Hb 량(量)이 많기 때문에 Hb량(量)이 적은 것은 기생충(寄生蟲)과는 무관(無關)하고 오직 영양물질(營養物質)에 기인(基因)한다고 예측(豫測)되기 때문이다. 더우기 어린 학생(學生)이면서 상류생활권(上流生活圈)에 속(屬)하는 리화여대(梨花女大)의 대학생(大學生)들과 같은 수준의 Hb 양(量)을 보지(保持)하므로 더욱 그 신빙도(信憑度)가 높다고 보아도 좋을 것이다. 따라서 일반가정아(一般家庭兒)와 원아(園兒)들의 건강상태(健康狀態)를 정상적(正常的)으로 유지(維持)시키면서 국력(國力)을 증강(增强)시키려면 보육원경영주(保育園經營主)나 한 가정의 책임자(責任者)는 오직 영양관리(營養管理)에 세심(細心)한 주의(注意)를 가져야 하고 행정당국(行政當局)도 보육원운영면(保育園運營面)에 보다 깊은 배려(配慮)가 있어야 한다고 요망(要望)된다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2000

This study reports on a comparison between the Korean diffusion of agricultural innovation or extension service and the cooperative extension service in the United States of America. It focuses on relevant differences between the two systems and provides recommendation for improvement of the Korean system to insure success in important areas related to the diffusion of agricultural innovations. After a comparative study on diffusion of innovations it is clear that: in order to have a productive agriculture that makes effective and efficient use of natural resources and helps achieve sustainability goals, a mechanism that delivers knowledge to agricultural communities must be established and maintained. This mechanism is clearly an agricultural extension service that is cooperatively funded by federal, state and local governments and that insures participation of constituents in the process of establishing priorities and evaluating achievements. The success of US agriculture, the most productive in the world, is to a large degree to the Cooperative Extension Service. Based on the results of this study and the differences of the United States and Korea, the following recommendations should be emphasized for more effective communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea: 1) In order to insure that extension educators are high caliber professional individuals, it is important to establish a system that nationally recognizes these individuals as such, and that provides a professional development path. 2) The results of the decision of transfer of extension educators to local governments has not yielded positive outcomes, especially in terms of professional status. It is clearly demonstrable that valuable professionals are leaving the service, that local governments do not have the will and resources to implement a successful extension program. 3) Because of the critical importance of diffusing innovations to agricultural producers in order to insure and quality and steady food supply, it is of critical importance that these issues be addressed before the extension service is further deteriorated. Given the cement situation, it is clear that the extension service should become nationally supported again in cooperation with local and state governments and that extension professionals be given appropriate rank at the national level, commesurate with their peers in research and teaching. 4) The common current committee practice of lengthy reporting and short discussion needs to be changed to one that results in char, brief and substantive action oriented goals. Joint participation by researchers, extension educators and farmers should be encouraged in planning, implementation and evaluation of communication for agricultural innovations. Roles and functions of committees for institutional cooperation, and or agricultural extension committees should be enlarged. 5) Extension educators should be encouraged to adopt new communication technologies to improve their diffusion of innovations methods. Agricultural institutions and organizations should be encouraged to adopt farmer-first and or client-oriented approach in agricultural extension and diffusion of agricultural technologies. The number, complexity and rapid change of information in agricultural extension require the development of a computer based information and report system to support agricultural extension. 6) To facilitate and expand the further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development, agricultural communication programs in universities especially in colleges of agriculture and life sciences. 7) To strengthening the sense of national and social responsibility communication for agricultural innovation and rural development among students in agricultural colleges and universities through participation in learning activities by proactive recruitment. 8) To establish and reinforce a policy that insures participation in communication for agricultural innovation and regal development activities. 9) To improve further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea, more research activities should be encouraged.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-63
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• 1974

서울시내 아파트중에서 경제적인 수준을 볼 때 상(上), 중상(中上), 중(中), 하(下)의 계등별 특색이 나타날 수 있는 한강 멘숀아파트, KIST 아파트, 문화촌 아파트, 북아현 시민아파트 주민의 일반적인 식새활 현황및 영양과 식품 섭취 실태 조사결과는 다음과 같다. A. 조사대상자(調査對象者)의 일반환경(一般環境) 세대주의 학력이 제일 높은 KIST 아파트가 한강 멘숀 아파트보다 식생활비는 오히려 적은 펀이었으나 가족영양 및 기타 영양문제를 항상 고려하고 계획성 있는 식생활을 하는 경향이었다. 고기류, 생선류의 섭취 빈도는 한강멘숀, KIST, 문화촌 아파트는 하루에 한번 섭취하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 조리할 때 조미료나 식품의 양은 대부분 눈짐작으로 하지만, 계량컵, 제량스픈, 저울을 사용하는 경우는 KIST 아파트가 제일 많은 편이었고 식사할 때 개인접시 및 napkin의 사용은 한강 멘숀과 KIST 아파트에서 많은 편이었다. 먹고 남은 음식은 조금 남은 것은 버리는 경우가 대부분이고 냉장고에 식품을 보관할 때는 대개 뚜껑을 덮거나 싸서 넣는 경우가 많았다. B. 영양섭취실태(營養攝取實態) 1인(人) 1일(日) 열량 섭취량은 한강멘숀, KIST, 문화촌, 시민아파트 순으로 경제적인 생활수준과 거의 비슷한 경향을 보여 주었으나 총열량 섭취량중 탄수화물, 지방, 담백질의 비율은 이상 권장량인 탄수화물 65%, 지방 20%, 만백질 15%에 거의 비슷한 경향으로 나타났다. 대체적으로 단백질, Fe, Vit. A, Niacin의 의섭취량은 권장량 이상을 취하고 있으나 Ca, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Vit. C의 섭취량은 권장량에 미달되는 경향이 있었다. C. 식품섭취실태(食品攝取實態) 1인(人) 1일(日) 섭취하는 식품의 양은 북아현 시민아파트가 가장 많고 한강 멘숀아파트가 가장 적게 나타나 경제적인 생활수준 혹은 총 Calorie 섭취량과는 반대되는 경향을 나타내었다. 식품 총 섭취량에 대한 각 식품군의 섭취 비율을 보면 어느 아파트나 곡류의 섭취율이 $45{\sim}50%$로서 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 그외의 식품군 중에는 한강 멘숀과 KIST 아파트는 육류의 성취율이 가장 높았고 문화촌과 북아현 시민아파트는 김치류의 섭취율이 가장 높았다. 채소류와 과일류의 섭취율은 한강 멘숀과 KIST 아파트가 높은 반면 저류의 섭취율은 한강 멘숀아파트가 가장 낮았다. 단백질 급원으로서 한강멘숀과 KIST 아파트는 주로 육류를, 문화촌 아파트에서는 곡류와 생선류를 그리고 북아현 시민 아파트에서는 주로 두류를 많이 섭취하는것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1186-1193
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• 2008

방글라데시 미멘싱에 소재하는 양식어장에서 pangasiid catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)와 catla (Catla catla)의 조합과 혼합비를 달리하여 16주간 복합양식하였을 때, 이들 어종의 성장률을 조사하였다. 헥타르당 30,000개체의 밀도로 복합양식하여 성장률을 측정하였으며, 혼합조성비는 다음과 같다: 실험구(treatment) 1은 pangasiid catfish와 silver carp을 1:1비율로, 실험구 2는 pangasiid catfish와 cata를 1:1비율로, 실험구 3과 4는 pangasiid catfish, silver carp과 catla를 각각 2:1:1과 3:2:1비율로 복합양식하였다. 양식환경에 영향을 주는 수온, 투명도, 용존산소량, pH, $NO_{3}-N$, $PO_{4}-P$, 엽록소 a와 같은 몇몇 물리화학적, 생물학적 요인과 플랑크톤의 군집을 정기적으로 조사하였다. 어류의 성장속도는 비 성장율(specific growth rate), 일간 체중 증가(daily weight gain)와 체중증가 비율(percent weight gain)을 측정하였다. Pangasiid catfish의 성장률과 사료이용률은 모든 실험구에서 유사하게 나타났다. Silver carp의 성장률은 모든 실험구에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었는데(p<0.05), 양식밀도가 증가할수록 성장률이 현저하게 감소하였으며, Silver carp의 밀도가 가장 낮은 복합양식 조성인 pangasiid catfish, silver carp과 catla의 비율이 각각 2:1:1일 때, silver carp의 성장률이 가장 높게 나타났다. Silver carp의 밀도가 증가할수록 catla의 성장률이 현저하게 감소하는 것으로 나타나, catla의 성장률은 silver carp의 유무에 영향을 받는 것으로 판단되었다. Catla의 성장률은 pangasiid catfish와 calta의 비율이 1:1일 때, 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 양식수율과 경제적 이익은 실험구에 따라 현저하게 다른 양상을 보였다(p<0.05). 가장 높은 양식수율과 경제적 이익은 pangasiid catfish, silver carp과 catla를 각각 2:1:1 비율로 양식한 결과에서 얻어졌는데, 이는 silver carp의 높은 성장률과 catla의 시장 단가가 높은 것에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 모든 실험구의 수질 상태는 양식기간 동안 적절한 수준을 유지하였으며, 각각의 값은 모든 실험구에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p<0.05).

• 복식
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• 제35권
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• pp.45-66
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• 1997

This thesis is a study on the kaftan styles iin Asia. The purpose of he study was to examine the origin o the kaftan concentrating on the history and cultural backgrounds of nomads in he Western Central and North Eastern Asia. Secondly for more thorough study and expla-nation on how these kaftans contributed to East-West trade along the silk road. wall paintings and miniature illuminations along Oasis roads persia and Saracen period were compared, Also real kaftans were compared and analyzed the characteristics of Western (Turkey palestine) Central(Kazakistan Uz-bekistan Tadzhistan Qyrgyztan Turkmenistan) and the North Eastern Asian(Mongol) area. Thirdly an attempt has been made to provide the North Eastern Asian(Mongol) area. Thirdly an attempt has been made to provide the style classifications according to their peculiarities of the various kaftans as well as how kaftan gave important influences on custumes of different religious sects. The kaftan is a long coat-like garment with front openings fastened with long sash having an extra long sleeves which were worn by middle and high class nomadics throughout the West Central and North Eastern Asia This type of kaftans were a basic clothing for nomadics since they were constantly moving fromone to another areas on their horse back riding. They also wore tight trousers with boots. Kaftans seem to be originated from nomads of Steppe around B.C. 800 On B. C 400 west asian areas such as Solokha Kul-oba Kulogan had pictures sculptues on vases showing kaftans of half coat type length with front opening tied with band. Also the materials used were the products of animals such as wool or felt with animal designs showing Scythian nomads. In the North Eastern Asia Hsiung-Nu were active in Kazakha North Altai and Mongol The Clothing and fabrics exfavated near Noin-ula Pazyrik showed many samples of kaftan with trousers with other interment be-longings with a corpse around B.C 300 to A. D 100 when trades along the silk roads were proven by many historians Kaftans excavated in this area wore red front opening silk materials which suggesting settling down of nomads. in he central Asia Dol-gull near Altai mountain area were mainly miners who later had many trades with Persia and Bizantine. After Dol-gull Bezeklik temple Samarkant Kizil cow Budda sculture wall paintings of Astana tomb showed typical kaftan of this re-gion. These were both hip covered length as well as long coat with narrow sleeves. Es-pecially they had different color band fron the main kaftan with grogeously and splendously designed silk. In perusia during A. D 1400 to 1600 minia-ture illumination showed kaftan as a high class symbol more than clothing purpose. They had best quality silk with extra long sleeves draping and had a layers of kaftans one on top of anther as a symbol of wealth These Kaftans with different colors and designs were even more beautiful with their effective combinations and contrast of colors. On the other hand the lower class common people and servants wore simple kaftan with the front part of the kaftan were slipped into the belt in order to be more active and con-venient to work, The real kaftans discovered at Topkapi Saray palace of Turkey from A. D 1300 to 1900 were also compared. These kaftans were very numerous in numbers as well as designs The materials and designs used were also vari-ous such as Chinese to Italian silk. The shaped and pattern itself were not much different from the previous nomad's Kaftans. The Palestian kaftans remained were from the beginning of 19th and 20th century. Since this area is hot and dry desert they used black and navy blue colors mostly in order to exclude the sun lights. The patterns used were similar to Nomads and Bedouin with cross stiches and patch work decorations. In the central Asia they had similar life style and natural environmental cnditions with Turkish tribe which resulted in similar kaftan styles as nomads. Mongols conserved basic patterns of kaftan since Cinggis Khan with deep folding in order to keep warm. At last the kaftans studided in this thesis were classified in to four such as half coat long coat jacket and vest style. A pattern used in the Central Asia were zigzag and ani-mal design whereas in the West Asia were floral plant arabesk and circle pattern. As I discussed previously kaftan styles of nomads in the Asia maintained its basic pat-tern throughout the history except slight changes in color gusset sleeve shapes. These slight changes were made according to the need to adapt the need of environmental natu-ral conditions, The reason for aboriginality of kaftan in Asia was its simplicity and con-venience Most interesting fact is that for all these years Mongols are still wearing kaftan in their life ensuring us that they art the preserves of old kaftan. Since this thesis dealt enormous Asian regions I had a limitation of not being able to cover the Far Esatern asian areas such as Korea China and Japan how these kaftans were influenced in their clothing history as well as Eastern and Western culture. This topic along with the studies on materials and designs of patterns of kaftan will be another research project in the future.