• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

목 적: 방사선 치료 중 정확한 환자의 셋업 확인과 선량 측정용으로 사용되었던 film을 대신 하여 현재는 전자포탈영상장치(EPID)가 장착된 장비가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 전자포탈영상장치 사용 시 자세확인의 정확성과 선량측정의 유용성을 평가해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 대한방사선치료학회, 대한방사선종양학회, Pubmed에서 "EPID", "Portal dosimetry", "Portal image", "Dose verification", "Quality control", "Cine mode", "Quality - assurance", "In vivo dosimetry"와 같은 용어로 검색하여 획득한 50개의 자료(1997~2012)를 대상으로 EPID의 역사와 선량측정(dosimetry), 자세확인(set-up verification), EPID 특성으로 구분하여 EPID의 유용성을 분석 하였다. 결 과: EPID는 1세대 Liquid-filled ionization chamber, 2세대 Camera based fluroscopic, 3세대 Amorphous-silicon 순으로 발전하였으며, EPID 촬영 모드에는 크게 EPID mode, Cine mode, Integrated mode로 나뉜다. 필름과 EPID의 절대선량정확성 평가를 한 결과 EPID는 1%, EDR2 필름은 3% 이내로 나타나 오차 측정 정확도가 필름에 비해 EPID가 우수하다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 치료계획 시스템으로부터 계산된 기준 조사면과 EDR2 필름, EPID로 측정한 기준 조사면의 선량 분포를 중첩하여 감마 분석한 결과 필름과 EPID 모두 허용기준 3%/3 mm와 2%/2 mm에서 감마값이 1을 초과하는 화소(r%>1)가 전체 화소의 2% 이내였다. 또한 업무 부하 비교에 있어 세기조절방사선 치료에서 전 과정 QA를 수행하는데 소요되는 시간은 EDR2 필름이 약 110분, EPID가 약 55분으로 측정되었다. 결 론: 전자포탈영상장치의 이용은 선량측정과 자세확인에 있어 기존의 복잡하고 번거로웠던 film과 전리조(Ionization chamber)를 대체하기에 충분하였으며, 특히 세기조절방사선치료의 정도관리에 있어 매우 유용하고 효율적이며 정확한 선량 측정 장치임을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 전자포탈영상장치를 이용한 Cine mode 촬영은 횡격막의 움직임에 따라 유동성이 큰 폐와 간의 경우나 자세의 안정성이 불안한 직장암 환자의 경우 추가 선량 없이 실시간으로 종양의 위치를 확인 할 수 있다는 장점이 있어 최적의 방사선 치료 구현이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.790-798
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• 2007

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of mixing quality, inlet pressure, nozzle diameter on CO, NO emission and radiation characteristics in porous ceramic fiber radiant burners. Observations of combustion characteristics occurring inside the burner system which was insulated fiber mat, were investigated by measuring emission and radiation characteristics. Combustion was achieved at the firing rate of $88{\sim}99\;kcal/hr$, inlet pressure of $100{\sim}250mmH_2O$. The fiber burner exhibit significant both spectral intensity peaks in the bands at $2.5{\mu}m\;and\;4.0{\mu}m$ relatively. There is a small difference in the variable mixing tube. However spectral intensity increased with the firing rate. CO emissions were found to be strongly dependent on the operating conditions. There was a tendency that CO concentration increased as the firing rate increases. the reason for rise of CO concentration is that is becomes it the relatively rich condition. Relatively low NO emission was observed for the whole operating range. The NO concentration is maximal at the firing rate of approximately 2850 kcal/hr and an air ratio of about 1.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권12호
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• pp.1821-1826
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• 2018

Uniformity is a key feature of state-of-the-art infrared focal planed array (IRFPA) and infrared imaging system. Unlike traditional infrared telescope facility, a ground-based infrared radiant characteristics measurement system with an IRFPA not only provides a series of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) infrared image but also ensures the validity of radiant measurement data. Normally, a long integration time tends to produce a high SNR infrared image for infrared radiant characteristics radiometry system. In view of the variability of and uncertainty in the measured target's energy, the operation of switching the integration time and attenuators usually guarantees the guality of the infrared radiation measurement data obtainted during the infrared radiant characteristics radiometry process. Non-uniformity correction (NUC) coefficients in a given integration time are often applied to a specified integration time. If the integration time is switched, the SNR for the infrared imaging will degenerate rapidly. Considering the effect of the SNR for the infrared image and the infrared radiant characteristics radiometry above, we propose a-wide-dynamic-range NUC algorithm. In addition, this essasy derives and establishes the mathematical modal of the algorithm in detail. Then, we conduct verification experiments by using a ground-based MWIR(Mid-wave Infared) radiant characteristics radiometry system with an Ø400 mm aperture. The experimental results obtained using the proposed algorithm and the traditional algorithm for different integration time are compared. The statistical data shows that the average non-uniformity for the proposed algorithm decreased from 0.77% to 0.21% at 2.5 ms and from 1.33% to 0.26% at 5.5 ms. The testing results demonstrate that the usage of suggested algorithm can improve infrared imaging quality and radiation measurement accuracy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2011

Purpose: To determine the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of pelvic insufficiency fracture (PIF) in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Between July 2004 and August 2009, 235 patients with non-metastatic cervical cancer were treated with definitive chemoradiation or postoperative radiotherapy. Among 235 patients, 117 (49.8%) underwent the first positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) within 1 year after radiotherapy. The median radiation dose was 55 Gy (range, 45 to 60 Gy). Medical charts and imaging studies, including PET/CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT. bone scintigraphy were reviewed to evaluate the patients with PIF. Results: Among 235 patients, 16 developed PIF. The 5-year detection rate of PIF was 9.5%. The 5-year detection rate of PIF in patients who underwent the first PET/CT within a year was 15.6%. The median time to development of PIF was 12.5 months (range, 5 to 30 months). The sites of fracture included 12 sacroiliac joints, 3 pubic rami, 3 iliac bones, and 1 femoral neck. Eleven of 16 patients having PIF complained of hip pain requiring medications. One patient required hospitalization for pain control. The significant risk factors of PIF were old age, body mass index less than 23, bone mineral density less than -3.5 SD, and the first PET/CT within a year after radiotherapy. Radiation dose and concurrent chemotherapy had no impact on PIF rate. Conclusion: PIFs were not rare after pelvic radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients in the era of PET/CT. Timely diagnosis and management of PIF can improve quality of life in patients with cervical cancer, in addition to reducing unnecessary medical expenses.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2023

Background: We investigated the impact of 0.35 T magnetic field on dose calculation for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in the ViewRay system (ViewRay Inc.), which features a simultaneous use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to guide radiotherapy for an improved targeting of tumors. Materials and Methods: Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the effects induced by the 0.35 T magnetic field on various characteristics of SABR plans including the plan qualities and dose calculation for the planning target volume, organs at risk, and outer/inner shells. Therefore, two SABR plans were set up, one with a 0.35 T magnetic field applied during radiotherapy and another in the absence of the field. The dosimetric parameters were calculated in both cases, and the plan quality indices were evaluated using a Monte Carlo algorithm based on a treatment planning system. Results and Discussion: Our findings showed no significant impact on dose calculation under the 0.35 T magnetic field for all analyzed parameters. Nonetheless, a significant enhancement in the dose was calculated on the skin surrounding the tumor when the 0.35 T magnetic field was applied during the radiotherapy. This was attributed to the electron return effect, which results from the deviation of the electrons ejected from tissues upon radiation due to Lorentz forces. These returned electrons re-enter the tissues, causing a local dose increase in the calculated dose. Conclusion: The present study highlights the impact of the 0.35 T magnetic field used for MRI in the ViewRay system for NSCLC SABR treatment, especially on the skin surrounding the tumors.

• 환경생물
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the storage characteristics of the Korean traditional raw rice wine (RRW) treated with Korean sun-dried salts and gamma rays. Nowadays, RRWs have received attention because they are a nutritious food with health-stimulating properties. But the rapid deterioration of the fermented RRW is one of the serious problems for brewing and marketing in the world. Actually, the expiry date of the RRW is around a week and this has been a biggest disadvantage of the RRW. The goal of this study was to make it of high quality and extend the period of circulation of the RRW. A lactic acid bacterium was isolated from the RRW. The 16S rRNA sequences of isolates showed 98% homology with the Lactobacillus fermentum. These results suggested that could be manageable improve the shelf life with addition of the sun-dried salts and irradiation with gamma rays.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.640-645
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• 2000

전통메주의 대체제품으로 시판되고 있는 낱알형 개량메주의 보존성 향상을 목적으로 메주에 0, 5, 10, 20 kGy의 선량으로 감마선을 조사하고 $25^{\circ}C$에 6개월간 보존하면서 메주의 품질변화를 조사하였다. 실험 결과, 곰팡이와 산생성세균은 10 kGy의 감마선 조사로 완전사멸이 가능하였으며 Bacillus는 10 kGy의 조사선량에서 약 5 log cycle 정도의 감소를 나타내었다. 감마선 조사에 의한 미생물군의 $D_{10}$을 곰팡이, Bacillus, 산생성 세균에서 각각 0.79, 2.28, 1.02 kGy 수준이었으며 감마선 조사 후 생존한 미생물들도 보존기간에 따라 지속적으로 감소하였다. 메주의 품질열화 요소인 암모니아태질소 함량과 갈색화도의 중가는 감마선 조사에 의하여 유의적으로 억제되었고 메주의 생화학적 품질평가 지표인 protease의 활성과 pH는 감마선 조사에 의해서 영향을 받지 않았다. 따라서 감마선 조사는 메주의 품질을 유지하는데 유용한 방법이 될 것으로 평가되었다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality, diagnostic efficacy, and radiation dose associated with the use of a cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector, compared to charge-coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) detectors. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalographs of a phantom (type 1) composed of synthetic polymer filled with water and another phantom (type 2) composed of human skull macerated with polymer coating were obtained with CdTe, CCD, and CMOS detectors. Dosimeters placed on the type 2 phantom were used to measure radiation. Noise levels from each image were also measured. McNamara cephalometric analysis was conducted, the dentoskeletal configurations were assessed, and a subjective evaluation of image quality was conducted. Parametric data were compared via 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test, with a significance level of 5%. Subjective image quality and dentoskeletal configuration were described qualitatively. Results: A statistically significant difference was found among the images obtained with the 3 detectors(P<0.05), with the lowest noise level observed among the images obtained with the CdTe detector and a higher subjective preference demonstrated for those images. For the cephalometric analyses, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed, and perfect agreement was seen with regard to the classifications obtained from the images acquired using the 3 detectors. The radiation dose associated with the CMOS detector was higher than the doses associated with the CCD (P<0.05) and CdTe detectors(P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the evaluated parameters, the CdTe detector is recommended for use in clinical practice.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.756-767
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• 2007

For the combination of phosphor screens having various thicknesses and a photodiode array manufactured by complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, we report the observation of image-quality degradation under the irradiation of 45-kVp spectrum x rays. The image quality was assessed in terms of dark pixel signal, dynamic range, modulation-transfer function (MTF), noise-power spectrum (NPS), and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). For the accumulation of the absorbed dose, the radiation-induced increase both in dark signal and noise resulted in the gradual reduction in dynamic range. While the MTF was only slightly affected by the total ionizing dose, the noise power in the case of $Min-R^{TM}$ screen, which is the thinnest one among the considered screens in this study, became larger as the total dose was increased. This is caused by incomplete correction of the dark current fixed-pattern noise. In addition, the increase tendency in NPS was independent of the spatial frequency. For the cascaded model analysis, the additional noise source is from direct absorption of x-ray photons. The change in NPS with respect to the total dose degrades the DQE. However, with carefully updated and applied correction, we can overcome the detrimental effects of increased dark current on NPS and DQE. This study gives an initial motivation that the periodic monitoring of the image-quality degradation is an important issue for the long-term and healthy use of digital x-ray imaging detectors.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2000

청국장의 보존성 향상을 목적으로 청국장에 0, 5, 10, 20 kGy의 선량으로 감마선을 조사하고 $25^{\circ}C$에 6주간 보존하면서 청국장의 품질변화를 조사하였다. 청국장의 Bacillus는 감마선 조사에 대하여 1.78kGy의 $D_{10}$값을 보였으며, 10 kGy 조사구는 보존 4주 후, 20 kGy 조사구는 조사 직후에 완전 사멸에 가까운 미생물 사멸효과를 보였다. 청국장 보존 중의 품질열화 요소인 암모니아태질소 함량과 갈색화도의 증가는 감마선 조사에 의하여 유의적으로 억제되었으며 protease의 활성과 pH도 감마선 조사구에서 안정적인 품질을 유지하였다. 따라서 감마선 조사는 청국장의 보존, 유통 중 품질을 유지하는데 유용한 방법이 될 것으로 평가되었다.