• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.16-26
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• 2013

This study seeks solutions for two conflict values from the fair trade, one being fulfilling environment and social responsibility and the other being suggesting stylish designs within a reasonable price range. The purposes of this study were to establish fair-trade fashion product development process by investigating practices in fashion product development process within fair-trade company, and to identify the characteristics of fair-trade fashion product development. Qualitative research method was employed. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were conducted with practitioners working in fairtradekorea, Ltd. and producers in Bangladesh, from which case studies were compiled. The results were as follows: The case study provided evidence that fair-trade fashion product development has the same steps as practiced in general fashion brands, but has different characteristics such as fair-trade products going through a much slower process which led to early planning, having producer-centered product development, concentrating on spring/summer products, having a high cost structure, and having unpredictable quality control. Study implications and future research avenues are also discussed.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.303-317
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• 2013

Recently in South Korea, various methods are followed in decreasing educational gap between region and social classes through school education. The National Assessment Educational Achievement(NAEA) intends to strengthen responsibility of school education and manage quality of curriculum. Besides, the NAEA intends to bridge achievement gap which is one of educational gaps by grasping the characteristics of academic ability to guarantee basic academic ability. There is not much research about the educational gap among regional scales. Therefore in this study, to examine the achievement characteristics among regional scales closely, we analyse the 2010, 2011 NAEA results in elementary mathematics subject and explore characteristics of items which have sharp differences between local population sizes. The results of the analysis has been showed that the educational gap between 'big-sized cities' and 'small and midium-sized cities' has been increased, but the overall educational gap among regional scales has been decreased.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.245-257
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• 1998

The characteristics of health behavior related pregnancy and childbirth have reflected on the cultural belief and value in the society. The efforts for women's health promotion through the current illumination of the traditional health care are the prompting assignment to be in nursing. The process of motherhood already progress before the motherhood actually. The functional state as the expectant mother can be the important predicting factor of the postpartum state, the quality of a married life. Motherhood was analyzed by Walker and Avant's method to clarify the concept 'to be a mother' using the various concepts like Koreans' Taekyo, transition to motherhood, maternal identity, maternal role attainment, maternal fetal attachment, and maternal fetal interaction. Upon the concept analysis, naturalness, responsibility, attachment, readiness, controllability were identified as the defining characteristics of motherhood. The antecedents of motherhood were consist of maternal affection, positive self esteem, pregnancy acceptance, fetus recognition and the consequences of motherhood were consist of positive maternal identity, maternal fetal attachment, confidence about the maternal role, the healthy mother and the healthy baby. The empirical referents of motherhood were consists of recognition of motherhood, expectation about motherhood, fetal recognition with ultrasonography and fetal movement, experience of unification between mother and fetus, expression of affection to the fetus, concern about fetal health, concern and practice about Taekyo, adaptation behavior about physical change and discomfort due to pregnancy. Therefore it is necessary to develop the instruction program of motherhood including the defining attributes identified in this study.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2008

Objectives: Medical schools are trying to improve the quality of medical education by offering students better medical curriculum. In this study, we intend to provide basic information for improvement and development of medical curriculum by analyzing the medical curriculum of domestic and foreign medical schools. Methods: Based on various materials, we selected out 5 domestic medical schools and 11 foreign medical schools and collected materials relevant to medical curriculum of each medical school. Then, we divided collected materials into four domains(educational objectives, educational contents, educational assessment, and curriculum implementation), and analyzed them synthetically. Results and Conclusion: First, concerning the educational objectives, it is necessary that more various educational objectives are included to medical curriculum. Especially, there is a growing need for medical curriculum reflecting social responsibility and requests of local community. Second, educational contents should be constantly improved and constructed considering students' academic achievement levels and traits. Third, not only students but also educational program, educational contents, and professors should be included to the objects of educational assessment. Also, various assessment methods should be developed. Finally, especially for domestic medical schools, it is necessary to make use of more educational specialists in medical education.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.236-262
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• 2001

This discovery-oriented study explored 31 social workers' perceptions of discrepancies between explicit and implicit rules in their work places that are supposed to affect the quality of social work services, and identified eight categories of dilemmas: (a) confused accountability or purpose, (b) ambiguous principle, (c) improper authority, (d) confused role of social workers, (e) conflict between ideal and reality, (f) confused work ethics, (g) confused boundary of workers' rights, and (h) binds. These eight categories revealed the real philosophy and purposes of social work agencies, work ethics and values prevalent among social work agencies, agencies' orientation toward clients, and the conditions of social support from the society in large. Instead of searching for discrete variables as separately responsible for inefficient social work services, this approach probed malfunctioning implicit rules in a holistic context to see if inefficient or ineffective provision of social work services is a logical response to a much larger and deeper nexus. Insight into discrepant rules does not solely ensure the improvement of social work practice in the field, particularly if their identification is simply used as another opportunity to blame and avoid self-responsibility. However, such discrepancies between implicit and explicit rules are real enough to the staff workers and agency administrators that they may want to begin the dialogue of contradictory rules as a way of sanctioning discussion of previously forbidden topics. This study provided the ground-work for the dialogue.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe the perception on the importance of parental role by mothers with infants, and to analyze the differences of those perception depending on the mothers' and infants' characteristics. Method: Data were collected from 240 mothers of infants visited at one public health center in Gangreung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify the parental role. Results: The mean score for perception on the importance of parental role was 139.89, and item mean for caring performance ability domain 4.43, environmental organization for development domain 4.38, acceptance domain 4.26, responsibility domain 4.21점, knowledge for caring domain 4.19, sensitivity 4.16, provision of stimulus and involvement 4.01. There were significant differences in the perception of parental role according to spouse relationship, father's participation in child rearing, experience of parental role education, and infant's temperament. Conclusion: The experience of childhood is highly affected by the quality of the parental role. It is important to identify parents' perception of parental role. Therefore, the parental role education program are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.362-372
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• 2008

Manufacturers, or vendors, and their customers continue to adopt vendor-managed inventory(VMI) program to improve supply chain performance through collaboration achieved by consolidating replenishment responsibility upstream with vendors. In this paper, we construct a mixed integer linear programming model and propose a genetic algorithm for the integrated inventory and routing problems with lost sales maximizing the total profit in the VMI supply chains which comprise of a single manufacturer and multi-retailer. The proposed GA is compared with the mathematical model on the various sized test problems with respect to the solution quality and computation time. As a result, the GA demonstrates the capability of reaching solutions that are very close to those obtained by the mathematical model for small problems and stay within 3.2% from those obtained by the mathematical model for larger problems, with a much shorter computation time. Finally, we investigate the effects of the cost and operation variables on the total profit of the problem as well as the GA performance through the sensitivity analyses.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of type D personality on health status and health promoting behaviors in middle-aged women. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used with 220 middle aged women. All participants completed 3 measuring tools: a 14-item Type D Personality Scale, a 12-item Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire version 2, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-version II. All were completed in November 2010. Results: The prevalence of type D personality was 34.5%. Type D women had significantly lower physical (p=.020) and mental health status (p<.001) compared with non-type D women. In addition Type D women reported significantly poorer performance of health responsibility (p=.015), physical activity (p=.001), nutrition (p=.027), spiritual growth (p<.001), interpersonal relations (p<.001) and stress management (p<.001) techniques in health behaviors than non-type D women. Conclusion: Type D personality is a vulnerability factor that affects health status and is associated with poor health promoting behaviors in middle aged women. Therefore, screening for Type D personality is important to detect women at risk for health status and quality of life in community settings in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1499-1506
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• 2012

Animal welfare has become a growing concern affecting acceptability of agricultural systems in many countries around the world. An earlier Judeo-Christian interpretation of the Bible (1982) that dominion over animals meant that any degree of exploitation was acceptable has changed for most people to mean that each person has responsibility for animal welfare. This view was evident in some ancient Greek writings and has parallels in Islamic teaching. A minority view of Christians, which is a widespread view of Jains, Buddhists and many Hindus, is that animals should not be used by humans as food or for other purposes. The commonest philosophical positions now, concerning how animals should be treated, are a blend of deontological and utilitarian approaches. Most people think that extremes of poor welfare in animals are unacceptable and that those who keep animals should strive for good welfare. Hence animal welfare science, which allows the evaluation of welfare, has developed rapidly.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.395-407
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to explore the process of belongingness experienced during the apprentice course for advanced practice nurses. Methods: Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 people, who attended the apprentice course for advanced practice nurse, from three schools in Seoul from Jan. 19 until Feb. 25, 2010. The constant comparative method was adapted for data analysis. Results: The core category of this study was the 'learning-connected process' and this process was categorized into three stages. These stages were: going along with the atmosphere, exchanging, and integrating. During the course, the 'uncomfortable participation' as the central idea meant a sense of responsibility and a tension about practice learning of the participant and was influenced by the quality of interaction and the distinct instruction of learning contents. Belongingness was characterized by the Joyful and happy participation which linked to the motivation of new learning opportunities. Conclusion: The findings indicate that there is a process to belongingness and a close relationship between belongingness and learning. Further studies would suggest exploring the components of belongingness, a concept analysis and incorporating the belongingness scale with other qualitative research on this topic.