• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 1996

Time-temperature relationship and microbiological quality were assessed and critical control points were identified through hazard analysis during the phases of production in two different packaged meals (Dosirak) manufacturing establishments (A, B:Kim Pab). Microbiological tests on foods, equipments and utensils were done according to standard procedures and included total plate count, coliforms and fecal coliforms. The results of the study are summarized as follows : time-temperature control management was needed because time-temperature abuse more than 8 hours at dangerous temperature zone (5-6$0^{\circ}C$) was observed from pre-preperation to distribution phase; Poor sanitary practices of employees were observed in hand washing and using disposable gloves; Microbiological analysis results of equirpments and utensils showed possible cross-contamination risks when foods were contacted with them; Kim Pab needed thorough quality control because it included various mixed ingredients of cooked and uncooked and had many apportunities of cross-contamination either by equipments or hands through whole production processes.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.175-193
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• 1997

The agricultural development of Korea has occurred at the expense of natural resources and environmental quality, and, today, one of the most urgent problem in the practices of intensive livestock farming is disposing of the animal wastewater. As a result, soil and water degradation and other environmental deterioration become apparent and they cause long-term loss in agricultural production. This paper attempted to summarize the environmental problems associated with agricultural activities, and to get some implications to minimize agricultural environment problems. It is proposed that sustainable agricultural is one of desirable directions for future Korean agriculture. The goal of the sustainable agricultural effort is to utilize the potential environmental quality problem. Agricultural operations may be more dependent upon the production practices and waste management techniques utilized by farmers than the size of the operation, the number of animal fed, or amount of waste involved. Also low-input farming technology can be suggested one of them, and disposing system of agricultural residues and animal waste should be developed with intensive concerns and financial supports.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제71권
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• pp.325-350
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• 2016

As the new competitive environment become more global, technologically oriented and customer driven, as customers continually demand higher quality, faster response, and greater reliability of products and services, the new global market demands a more customer responsive behaviour by companies and firms have responded with innovative products and improved manufacturing processes to manufacture products. Further, the shift from traditional manufacturing and purchasing to JIT manufacturing and purchasing requires customers and suppliers to shift from adversarial relationships to strategic partnerships, and information sharing, so as to attain flexibility, reliability, and speed. SCM practices such as supplier collaboration and information sharing is considered as a key to attaining supplier network responsiveness and enhancing the product innovation and the market access time. The current research investigates the effect of SCM practices on supplier network responsiveness, the product innovation and the market access time of export companies. Thus by providing empirical evidence of the said relationships, this study offers useful guidelines for measuring and improving the supplier network responsiveness of a firm, facilitating further research in the area.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.326-329
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• 2007

Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) has long been considered to improve our understanding of soil productivity, soil carbon dynamics, and soil quality. And also SOC could contribute as a major soil management factor for prescribing fertilizers and controlling of soil erosion and runoff. Reducing tillage intensity has been recommended to sequester SOC into soil. On the other hand, determination of traditional SOC could barely identify the tillage practices effect. Physical soil fractionation has been reported to improve interpretation of soil tillage practices impact on SOC dynamics. However, most of these researches were focused onupland soils and few researches were conducted on paddy soils. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate paddy soil tillage impact on SOC by physical soil fractionation. Soils were sampled in conventional-tillage (CT), partial-tillage (PT), no-tillage (NT), and shallow-tillage (ST)plots at the National Institute of Crop Science research farm. Samples were obtained at the three sampling depth with 7.5-cm increment from the surface and were sieved with 0.25- and 0.053-mm screen. Soil organic carbon was determined by wet combustion method. Significant difference of SOC contentwas found among sampling soil depth and soil particle size. SOC content tended to increase at the ST plot with increasing size of soil particle fraction. We conclude that quantifying soil organic carbon by physical soil particle fractionation could improve understanding of SOC dynamics by soil tillage practices.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2013

This study was to develop effective water quality management measures using LDC (Load Duration Curve) curves for TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Loads) unit watershed. Using LDC curves, major factors for BOD and T-P concentration loads generation (i.e. point source or non-point source) in the case study area (Geumho river basin) were found for different hydrologic conditions. Different measures to deal with the pollutant loads were suggested to establish BMPs (Best Management Practices). It was found that the target area has urgent T-P management methods especially at moist and midrange hydrologic conditions because of point source pollutants occurred in developed areas. One example measure for this could be establishment of advanced treatment facility. This study proved that the use of LDC was a useful way to achieve TWQ (Target Water Quality) on the target watershed considered. It was also expected that the methodology applied in this study could have a wider application on the establishment of watershed water management measures.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2007

The uncertainty in water quality model predictions is inevitably high due to natural stochasticity, model uncertainty, and parameter uncertainty. An integrated modeling system under uncertainty was described and demonstrated for use in watershed management and receiving-water quality prediction. A watershed model (HSPF), a receiving water quality model (WASP), and a wetland model (NPS-WET) were incorporated into an integrated modeling system (modified-BASINS) and applied to the Hwaseong Reservoir watershed. Reservoir water quality was predicted using the calibrated integrated modeling system, and the deterministic integrated modeling output was useful for estimating mean water quality given future watershed conditions and assessing the spatial distribution of pollutant loads. A Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the effect of various uncertainties on output prediction. Without pollution control measures in the watershed, the concentrations of total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorous (T-P) in the Hwaseong Reservoir, considering uncertainty, would be less than about 4.8 and 0.26 mg 4.8 and 0.26 mg $L^{-1}$, respectively, with 95% confidence. The effects of two watershed management practices, a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a constructed wetland (WETLAND), were evaluated. The combined scenario (WWTP + WETLAND) was the most effective at improving reservoir water quality, bringing concentrations of T-N and T-P in the Hwaseong Reservoir to less than 3.54 and 0.15 mg ${L^{-1}$, 26.7 and 42.9% improvements, respectively, with 95% confidence. Overall, the Monte Carlo simulation in the integrated modeling system was practical for estimating uncertainty and reliable in water quality prediction. The approach described here may allow decisions to be made based on probability and level of risk, and its application is recommended.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.260-260
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• 2011

SWAT is semi-distributed and continuous-time distributed simulation watershed model, which can simulate point and nonpoint source pollutants as well as hydrology and water quality. It was developed to predict the effects of alternative management decisions on water, sediment, and chemical yields with reasonable accuracy. It is able to predict and manage hydrology, sediments, nutrients, and pesticides with Best Management Practices (BMPs) in a watershed. SWAT model also has potential for use in ungauged basins to predict streamflow and baseflow from saturated source area in watersheds. According to various cultivation practices and climate change, SWAT model is available to analyze relative change in hydrology and water quality. In order to establish optimum management of water quality, both monitering and modeling have been conducted actively using SWAT model. As SWAT model is computer program to simulate a lot of natural phenomena, it has limitation to predict and reflect them with on hundred percent accuracy. Thus, it is possible to analyze the effect of BMPs in the watershed where users want to simulate hydrology and water quality only if model accuracy and applicability are assessed first of all and the result of it is well for the study watershed. For assessment of SWAT applicability, most researchers have used $R^2$ and Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE). $R^2$ and NSE are likely to show different results according to a warm up period and sometimes its results are very different. There have been hardly any studies of whether warm up period can affect simulation results in SWAT model. In this study, how warm up period has a effect on SWAT results was analyzed and a appropriate warm up period was suggested. Lots of SWAT results were compared after using measured data of Soyanggang-dam watershed and applying various warm up period (0 ~ 10 year(s)). As a result of this study, when there was no warm up period, $R^2$ and NSE were 0.645, 0.602 respectively, when warm up period was 2 years, $R^2$ and NSE were 0.648, 0.632, and when warm up period was 4 years, $R^2$ and NSE were 0.663, 0.652 separately. Through this study, sensitive analysis of warm up period in SWAT model was conducted, and this study could give a guideline able to simulate hydrology and water quality for more accuracy than before as users change a lot of warm up periods as well as any simulation parameters.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

새만금 유역내 밭작물 재배 농경지의 작부체계와 관련된 최적관리기법을 적용하여 각각의 시나리오별로 농업비점오염원의 저감효과를 분석하였다. 또한 새만금 유역내 동진강 수계와 만경강 수계를 대상으로 행정구역별 작물양분의 투입량 실태분석과 향후 변화 추이에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 새만금 유역 만경강 수계에서 2012년 기준으로 2020년에는 질소질비료 18%, 인산질비료 22%가 감소하는 추세였으며, 동진강 수계에서는 질소질비료 30%, 인산질비료 19%가 감소할 것으로 평가되었다. 반면, 퇴비의 경우에는 만경강 수계에서는 17%, 동진강 수계에서는 37% 정도 사용량이 증가할 것으로 추정되었다. 새만금 유역내 밭작물의 작부체계 변경과 관련된 최적관리기법 시나리오 가운데 Scenario 1 (동계작물 겉보리와 쌀보리를 경관 녹비작물인 헤어리벳치 또는 자운영으로 작부체계를 변경한 경우) 적용시 질소 41%, 인산 47%의 작물양분 투입량을 감소시키는 결과를 초래할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, Scenario 2 (화학비료 시비량이 많은 고추작물을 질소고정능력이 높은 콩작물로 작부체계를 변경한 경우) 적용시 질소 30%, 인산 23%의 작물양분 투입량을 감소시키는 결과를 초래할 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, Scenario 3 (시나리오 1과 시나리오 2의 통합) 적용시 질소 72%, 인산 70%의 작물양분 투입량을 감소시키는 결과를 초래할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 새만금 유역에서 담수호 수질보전을 위한 유역관리기법 개발시 작물양분요구량이 높은 작물의 재배를 최소화하고 양분배출형 작부체계가 아닌 양분흡수형 작부체계로의 전환을 통한 최적관리기법 모델 개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.235-249
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• 2008

The combination of information and technology makes dramatically increase both information quality and quantity. Almost of company utilize customer information for the purpose of increasing sales amount and profitability. The purpose of this paper is to discover customer information's utilization practices in the Korean financial industry. The case of K Bank's information analysis in the inbound and outbound marketing is provided, The customer segmentation is used for the inbound marketing by using RFM analysis. And the loan card model is used for the outbound marketing by using logit analysis.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2007

For sustainable development at a watershed, environment friendly site-specific management practices need to be developed and implemented. The soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)model has been world-wide used to estimate stream flow, sediment, and nonpoint source pollutant loads, and effects on water quality of different management practices. In this study, the SWAT model was used to estimate the flow resources at Hwacheon areas using Digital Elevation Model(DEM),Land use, precipitation ,wind ,maximum and minimum temperature, solar radiation, humidity of watershed The R2 value and EI value for the comparison of SWAT estimated flow and measured flow were 0.87 and 0.67 respectively for calibration period, and the R2 value and E1 value for validation were 0.75 and 0.67 respectively. The comparison results show what the SWAT model is applicable to simulate hydrology behaviors at this study watershed.