• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.128-135
• /
• 2000

Purpose : The aim of this study is to develope the Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(MRS) data processing S/W which plays an important role as a diagnostic tool in clinical field. Materials and methods : Post-processing software of MRS based on graphical user interface(GUI) under windows operating system of personal computer(PC) was developed using MATLAB(Mathwork, U.S.A.). This tool contains many functions to increase the quality of spectrum data such as DC correction, zero filling, line broadening, Gauss-Lorentzian filtering, phase correction, etc. And we obtained the normal human brain $^1H$ MRS data from parietal white matter, basal ganglia and occipital grey matter region using 1.5T Gyroscan ACS-NT R6 (philips, Amsterdam, Netherland) MRS package. The analysis of the MRS peaks were performed by obtaining the ratio of peak area. Results : The peak ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, MI/Cr for the different MRS machines have a little different values. But these peak ratios were not significantly different between different echo time MRS peak ratios in the same machine (p<0.05). Conclusion : MRS post-processing S/W based on GUI using PC was developed and applied to the analysis of normal human brain $^1H$ MRS. This independent MRS processing job increases the performance and throughput of patient scan of main console. Finally, we suggest that the database for normal in-yivo human MRS data should be obtained before clinical applications.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2008

Although the pulse diagnosis position, Guan is apart from Cun or Chi by only $10{\sim}20$ mm at most, traditional medical doctors applies different indent pressures and even they states different pulse images are felt at Cun, Guan and Chi, To support their clinical behaviors, in this study, we tested statistically whether there are differences in pulse waveform measured at these three positions with SphygmoCor system used world widely, A 30 years old female subject without any evidence of cardiovascular diseases was involved in this experiment. Radial pulse waves were recorded at three different positions on left lower arm 10 times at three positions-Cun, Guan and Chi. With ANOVA, we tested whether, among three different positions. there are any differences in 12 parameters of radial pulse waveform and in estimated AIx(Augmentation Index) as an arterial stiffness index extracted from radial pulse waveform. As results, differences in optimal indent pressure h0 were observed at different measuring positions(P<0.001) but not significantly different. And pulse pressure his were found to be different(Chi$22.60{\pm}3.06%,\;18.60{\pm}3.37%\;and\;26.4{\pm}5.02%$ respectively. Consequently. AIx at Gwan seems to be lowest and that at Chi seems to be highest. So. we assert the AIx at Chi is likely to be overestimated. In further studies. we want to examine what make differences in these parameters between measuring positions. And it also seems to be worthy to investigate the relationship between the depth of radial artery and AIx. And, ultimately, we need to determine the best measuring process including measuring position, hold-down pressure, signal quality validation and so on. so to achieve the optimal waveform which represents subject's health condition for both western medicine and traditional medicine.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2020

Promoting job growth and quality has been central to developing countries to reduce poverty for decades. In this regard, Nepal is not unique in its need to develop effective TVET programme as it is considered showing positive association with workforce development and productivity. While the copious academic literature has highlighted upon staff training programme in general education, it encounters lack of adequate attention in the field of TVET education. The purpose of the study is to identity and prioritise the professional development needs for the teachers of TVET sector in Nepal. A sample(N=317) of Nepalese teachers from seven provinces were asked to answer the scale. The Borich needs assessment model was employed to assess the perceived level of importance and present preferred training modules among 29 teaching subjects. Moreover, a quadrant analysis using 2×2 matrix was used as a diagnostic tool to denote overriding training topics. The result shows that following competence skills constructs were perceived to be in high need of enhancement as well as in existence of discrepancies: 'occupational characteristics of TVET trainer', 'training needs analysis and curriculum development', 'curriculum development based on national competence standard(NCS)', and 'Institution management evaluation'.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2018

In this study, We developed a Ancillary device for child radiography for X-ray of children under 5 years old and verified its effectiveness. Chest X-rays of children younger than 5 years of age were performed by Supine method at the position of Table detector, Short - Source to Image Receptor Distance(SID). Existing Supine and Short -SID imaging methods cause many problems, such as errors in image reading and excessive radiation exposure dose to patients, but the use of an Ancillary device for child radiography(ADCR) solves these problems. A total of 160 children were divided into the Upright group using ADCR and Supine group without ADCR. The chest X-ray image was visually evaluated by two radiologists with reference to the European Commission's List of Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images in Pediatrics. The total score of the qualitative evaluation was 5.15% higher in the chest upright method using ADCR than in the chest supine method without ADCR, and the chest upright method score was higher than that of the chest supine method in items 1 to 7. whether infants have deep inspiration or not, 4.87% higher for item 1, whether infants rotate or not and the degree of tilting, 0% higher for the item 2, the reproduction of image from just above apices of lungs to T12/L1, 0% for the item 3, reproduction of the vascular pattern in central 2/3 of the lungs, 6.92% higher for the item 4, reproduction of the trachea and the proximal bronchi, 12.9% higher for the item 5, visually sharp reproduction of the diaphragm and costo-phrenic angles, 10% higher for the item 6, reproduction of the spine and paraspinal structures and visualisation of the retrocardiac lung and the mediastinum, and 3.65% higher for the item 7. Items 2 and 3 showed no statistically significant differences(P > 0.05), and items 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed statistically significant differences(P < 0.05). In conclusion, Upright method using ADCR in pediatric chest X-ray is considered as a good alternative to existing Supine method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2017

Background and Objectives : Adductor type spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) is neurogenic disorder and focal laryngeal dystonia, while muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is caused by functional voice disorder. Both ADSD and MTD may be associated with excessive supraglottic contraction and compensation, resulting in a strained voice quality with spastic voice breaks. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of spectrogram analysis in the differentiation of ADSD from MTD. Materials and Methods : From 2015 through 2017, 17 patients of ADSD and 20 of MTD, underwent acoustic recording and phonatory function studies, were enrolled. Jitter (frequency perturbation), Shimmer (amplitude perturbation) were obtained using MDVP (Multi-dimensional Voice Program) and GRBAS scale was used for perceptual evaluation. The two speech therapist evaluated a wide band (11,250 Hz) spectrogram by blind test using 4 scales (0-3 point) for four spectral findings, abrupt voice breaks, irregular wide spaced vertical striations, well defined formants and high frequency spectral noise. Results : Jitter, Shimmer and GRBAS were not found different between two groups with no significant correlation (p>0.05). Abrupt voice breaks and irregular wide spaced vertical striations of ADSD were significantly higher than those of MTD with strong correlation (p<0.01). High frequency spectral noise of MTD were higher than those of ADSD with strong correlation (p<0.01). Well defined formants were not found different between two groups. Conclusion : The wide band spectrograms provided visual perceptual information can differentiate ADSD from MTD. Spectrogram analysis is a useful diagnostic tool for differentiating ADSD from MTD where perceptual analysis and clinical evaluation alone are insufficient.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2016

Algal blooms not only destroy fish habitats but also diminish biological diversity of ecosystem which results into water quality deterioration of 4 major rivers in South Korea. The relationship between algal bloom and environmental factors had been analyzed through the cross-correlation function between concentration of chlorophyll a and other environmental factors. However, time series of cross-correlations can be affected by the stochastic structure such auto-correlated feature of other controllers. In order to remove external effect in the correlation analysis, the pre-whitening procedure was implemented into the cross correlation analysis. The modeling process is consisted of a series of procedure (e.g., model identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic checking of selected models). This study provides the exclusive correlation relationship between algae concentration and other environmental factors. The difference between the conventional correlation using raw data and that of pre-whitened series was discussed. The process implemented in this paper is useful not only to identify exclusive environmental variables to model Chl-a concentration but also in further extensive application to configure causality in the environment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2015

CdS-QD particles are a nano-sized semiconducting crystal that emits light. Their optical properties show great potential in many areas of applications such as disease-diagnostic reagents, optical technologies, media industries and solar cells. The wavelength of emitting light depends on the particle size and thus the quality control of CdS-QD particle requires accurate determination of the size distribution. In this study, CdS-QD particles were synthesized by a simple ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation method. As a particle stabilizer polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were added. In order to determine the size and size distribution of the CdS-QD particles, sedimentation field-flow fractionation (SdFFF) was employed. Effects of carious parameters including the the flow rate, external field strength, and field programming conditions were investigated to optimize SdFFF for analysis of CdS-QD particles. The Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis show the primary single particle size was ~4 nm, TEM images indicate that the primarty particles were aggregated to form secondary particles having the mean size of about 159 nm. As the concentration of the stabilizer increases, the particle size tends to decrease. Mean size determined by SdFFF, TEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were 126, 159, and 152 nm, respectively. Results showed SdFFF may become a useful tool for determination of the size and its distribution of various types of inorganic particles.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.88-99
• /
• 2007

Soil moisture is one of the essential components in determining surface hydrological processes such as infiltration, surface runoff as well as meteorological, ecological and water quality responses at watershed scale. This paper discusses soil moisture transfer processes measured at hillslope scale in the Gwangneung forest catchment to understand and provide the basis of stochastic structures of soil moisture variation. Measured soil moisture series were modelled based upon the developed univariate model platform. The modeling consists of a series of procedures: pre-treatment of data, model structure investigation, selection of candidate models, parameter estimation and diagnostic checking. The spatial distribution of model is associated with topographic characteristics of the hillslope. The upslope area computed by the multiple flow direction algorithm and the local slope are found to be effective parameters to explain the distribution of the model structure. This study enables us to identify the key factors affecting the soil moisture distribution and to ultimately construct a realistic soil moisture map in a complex landscape such as the Gwangneung Supersite.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the quality of training hospital based treatment, we evaluated the soft tissue sarcoma treatments afforded by general orthopedic surgeon rather than orthopedic oncologist. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the details of 25 patients with pathologically confirmed soft tissue sarcoma who registered in our hospital between July 1997 and 2006 September. We evaluated initial diagnoses, the surgical treatment (including adjuvant therapy) and the follow up method used and related these to the principles of soft tissue sarcoma treatment. Results: The study cohort comprised 16 men and 9 women of mean age of 50.2 years. A diagnostic biopsy was performed in 9(36%) cases before definitive surgical treatment. Wide excision was performed in 13(52%) cases. For the 12 cases in which the grade of sarcoma was estimated, adequate surgical treatment with adjuvant therapy was performed only in 4(33.3%) cases. In addition, an adequate follow up schedule was adopted in only 4(16%) of the 25 study subjects. Conclusion: Unexpectedly, many cases of soft tissue sarcoma were treated inadequately even in a training hospital. An intensive education program on the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma is necessary for all orthopedic surgeons.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2015.10a
• /
• pp.582-585
• /
• 2015

In the aging society, TKRA is steadily increased because of joint diseases. Artificial joint used in TKRA generates metal artifacts in the MRI. Metal artifact may affect diagnosis. In study, We are going to minimize the effect of metal artifact to improve the value of diagnosis by changing the sequence and the type of artificial joint(Co-Cr, Ni-Ti). 1.5T AVANTO, plastic containers and each of the artificial joint (Normal, Co-Cr, NiTi) were used. After the artificial joints fixed in a paper cup was inserted in a plastic container of cylindrical, Signal intensity was measured. To obtain strong and uniform signal intensity, the plastic container was filled with water. We changed Sequences(T1 TSE, T2 TSE, PD TSE) and obtained an Axial image. After excepting the maximum and minimum values, We calculated the average of SNR, CNR and PSNR. Consequently, The SNR, CNR value of PD TSE are measured higher than these of T1 TSE, T2 TSE and The PSNR of Co-Cr is higher than this of Ni-Ti. The SNR of Co-Cr is similar to the SNR of normal comparing this of Ni-Ti. As a result, Using sequence of PD Tse and Co-Cr alloy is considered to be useful.