• 한국습지학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2001

This study uses HEC-RAS for the quantitative aspects and the QUAL2E model for the qualitative aspects of the flow of urban streams, where the natural recovery system is applied. The instream flow of the small streams is estimated using the numerical model by verifying the existing data with the acquired data. The characteristics of the model reach place more weight on the drought discharge around the ordinary discharge, and this is caused by the natural recovery system that maintains the existing bank. The data of direct discharge to the sewage treatment plant through the inception pipe, BOD, DO, temperature, and so forth, are the official data from the department of environment. Considering the characteristics of small streams, the factors for the QUAL2E model are estimated with the focus on the hydraulic conditions and the stream view. This study proposes the future improvements for the natural recovery system by investigating the practical use of the waterfront and the application of the proper instream flow. Also, the hydraulic and hydrological investigation of the covering rate by the natural vegetation and the meandering by the varying river way is performed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.449-454
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• 2004

This study is to calculate Allocation of Pollution Discharges by administrative region for the TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) on Tamjin River. TMDL has the water quality target and value ($BOD_5$, 1 ppm) and is calculated by the QUAL2E model. The expected TMDL for Tamjin River is 1,532,360 kg/day. The calculation showed that the main pollutants are due to the non-point sources in Tamjin River and the aqua-farms are another important sources near the bay. And sources from population and livestock should be reduced, especially aqua-farm source should be managed and eliminated first which is over 14,000 ton/day.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.887-894
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• 2006

Water quality in the Daecheong reservoir has been deteriorated by algal bloom every year. Algal bloom is propagated from eutrophicated tributary into the main body of the reservoir during the wet season. Nutrients from diffuse sources trigger the propagation of the algal bloom. This study is aimed to analyze relationship between the water current by the simulation and algae transport from the main body in the Daecheong reservoir including tributary where algal bloom has occurred seriously every year. Water quality model CE-QUAL-W2 was applied to analyze water movement in draught season (2001) and flooding season (2003). The result of simulation corresponded with the observed water elevation level, 63~80 m and showed stratification of the Daecheong reservoir. In the draught season, as velocity and direction off low in the reservoir was estimated to affect algae transport including nutrient supply from small tributary, algal blooms occurred in the stagnate zone of middle stream of the reservoir. On the other hand, in the flooding season, it was resulted in nutrient transport from upstream of main reservoir and nutrients were delivered up to downstream by fast water velocity. In result, algal blooms occurred in stagnate zone of reservoir downstream as the current of downstream was retarded according to dam outflow control.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2012

Accurate predictions about the water quality of a river have great importance in identifying in-stream flow and water supply requirements and solving relevant environmental problems. In this study, the effect of water release from upstream dam on the downstream water quality has been investigated by applying a hydological model combined with QUAL2E to Geum River basin. The ESP (Ensemble Stream Prediction) method, which has been validated and verified by lots of researchers, was used to predict reservoir and tributary inflow. The input parameters for a combined model to predict both hydrological characteristics and water quality were identified and optimized. In order to verify the model performance, the simulated result at Gongju station, located at the downstream from Daecheong Dam, has been compared with measured data in 2008. As a result, it was found that the proposed model simulates well the values of BOD, T-N, and T-P with an acceptable reliability.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2010년도 학술발표회
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• pp.875-878
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 하천유지유량 중 수질보전 필요유량 산정을 위하여 한국건설기술연구원과 SEI-US가 공동으로 개발한 K-WEAPq(Korea-Water Evaluation and Planning System Linked QUAL2K) 모형을 이용하여 충주댐상류 수계를 대상으로 수량-수질연계모의를 수행하였다. 수질 보전 필요유량은 환경기초시설 등을 이용하여 하천에 유입되는 수질오염원을 최대한 처리한 후 남는 오염부하량을 고려하여 적정수질을 유지할 수 있는 유량이다. 수질을 개선하기 위한 수질보전 필요유량 산정시, 수질이 악화된 경우에는 적은 유량으로 수질개선에 큰 효과를 얻을 수 있지만, 수질이 좋은 경우에는 많은 유량으로도 수질개선효과가 크지 않다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 목표수질을 달성하는 유량과 수질개선효과가 큰 유량을 비교 검토하여 대상지점의 적정수질 관리 유량을 선정하고, 이때의 수질(수량관리수질)을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 활용하면 장래 하천 수량 및 수질의 연중변화를 파악할 수 있고, 대상지점의 목표 수질 및 적정 수질에 따른 수질보전 필요유량을 산정하여 하천 관리에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 만경강(萬頃江) 수계(水系)에 QUAL-IIE Model을 적용(適用)하여 장래수질예측(將來水質豫測)을 실시(實施)한 것으로 얻은 결론(結論)을 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. M-3(백구정) 지점(地點)에서 실측(實測) BOD와 계산(計算) BOD의 오차범위(誤差範圍)는 10% 이내(以內)로서 적용(適用)모델은 만족스럽다. 동지점(同地點)에서 감응도분석결과(感應度分析結果) 만경강(萬頃江) 수계오염(水系汚染)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 가장 큰 인자(因子)는 전주천(全州川)의 유입부하량(流入負荷量)이다. 2. 예측결과(豫測結果) 하구(河口)로부터 약(約) 41km (지점)(M-1)에서 전주천(全州川)의 고농도(高濃度) 오염수(汚染水)가 유입(流入)되므로서 심(甚)한 오염상태(汚染狀態)를 나타내며, 또한 하구(河口)로부터 약(約) 28km 지점(地點)(M-3)에서는 수표면적(水表面積)이 넓어지면서 자정효과(自淨效果)가 크게 향상(向上)되어 수질개선(水質改善)이 이루어졌다. 3. 제수문(制水門) 이하(以下) 하류(下流)에서는 감조구간(感潮區間)으로 동(同) Model의 계산결과(計算結果)의 신뢰성(信賴性)이 떨어지므로 감조구간(感潮區間)에서 동(同) Model의 적용(適用)은 곤난(困難)하다. 4. BOD의 경우에는 전구간(全區間)이 심(甚)한 오염상태(汚染狀態)를 나타내며 M-3 지점(地點)에서 그 농도(濃度)가 1996년 26.6mg/1, 2001년(年) 30.7mg/1, 2006년(年) 33mg/1 그리고 2011년(年) 37.5mg/1로서 수질오염방지대책(水質汚染防止對策)이 수립(樹立)되지 않으면 용수관리(用水管理)에 있어서 많은 문제점(問題點)이 야기(惹起)될 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Even though the center of Cheongju city needs redevelopment because of a doughnut phenomenon, it has to be permitted within the environmental carrying capacity like a target water quality proposed on the Total maximum daily loads(TMDL) of Musim and Miho river watersheds. The aim of in this study is to identify the limit of redeveloping Cheongju downtown after analyzing its environmental carrying capacity using QUAL2E model. As a result of modeling various scenarios, the water quality of Musin river was shown that $BOD_5$ is 2.3mg/L which is the target water quality in the double of existing development plan of the Cheongju downtown. The water quality of Miho river was $BOD_5$ 3.97mg/L which is less than the target water quality of Miho B watershed in the same condition. Therefore, this means that the limit of redevelopment within the environmental carrying capacity of cheongju downtown was estimated to be the double of existing development plan.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2006

Water quality in the Daecheong reservoir has been deteriorated by algal bloom due to nutrient supply from the upstream of the Daecheong reservoir after heavy rainfall. Algal bloom is propagated from eutrophicated tributary into the main body of the reservoir according to the hydrological conditions. This study is aimed to estimate the water current and temperature effect by the simulation of dam spill flow control using water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2 in 2003. Water current was resulted in nutrient transport from upstream of main reservoir and nutrients were delivered up to downstream by fast water velocity. Algal blooms occurred in stagnate zone of reservoir downstream as the current of downstream was retarded according to dam outflow control. Consequently water balance in stagnate zone triggered a rise of water temperature in summer. It affected algal bloom in the embayment of the reservoir. The simulation result by outflow control scenarios showed that spill flow augmentation induced in water body instability of stagnate zone so that water temperature declined. It could be suggested that outflow control minimize algal bloom in the downstream in the flooding season as long as water elevation level is maintained properly.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 농어촌 체험에 영향을 미치는 요인을 통합된 PPM모델(unified push-pull-mooring model)을 적용하여 탐색하는 것이다. 이론적인 모델은 PPM을 근간으로 하여 새로운 변수들을 도입한 통합된 PPM모델이다. 새롭게 도입된 변수 중 pull 요인은 체험이론과 ServQual 모형을 바탕으로 재구성하였다. 종속변수는 고객 만족을 설정하였다. 가설은 다음과 같이 설정하였다. Push 요인은 체험 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고, Pull 요인인 체험요소와 체험품질은 체험 만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미칠 것이다. 또한, mooring 요인은 체험 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미칠 것이다. 본 연구의 연구 모형을 314개 설문데이터를 기반으로 하여 구조방정식으로 검정하였다. 연구 결과 Pull 요인인 체험품질은 체험 만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. Mooring 요인은 체험의도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, push 요인과 체험 만족 간, 체험요소와 체험 만족 간에는 유의한 영향 관계가 검정되지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 이론적으로는 농어촌 체험에 있어서 기존의 pull, push 요인 위주의 분석에서 나아가 심리적인 mooring 요인도 체험에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 검정하였다. Pull 요인으로 도입된 체험요소와 체험품질을 바탕으로 제안된 통합된 PPM모델이 유용한 분석의 틀이 될 수 있음을 검정하였다. 실무적으로는 농어촌 체험을 활성화시키기 위해 어떠한 요소에 전략적으로나 마케팅적으로 집중해야 하는지에 대한 시사점을 제공할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.839-852
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• 2014

The Ministry of Environment (MOE) has made more effort in managing point source pollution rather than in nonpoint source pollution in order to improve water quality of the four major rivers. However, it would be difficult to meet water quality targets solely by managing the point source pollution. As a result of the comprehensive measures established in 2004 under the leadership of the Prime Minister's Office, a variety of policies such as the designation of control areas to manage nonpoint source pollution are now in place. Various action plans to manage nonpoint source pollution have been implemented in the Soyang-dam watershed as one of the control areas designed in 2007. However, there are no tools to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of the action plans. Therefore, this study would assess the action plans (especially, BMPs) designed to manage Soyang-dam watershed with the WinHSPF and the CE-QUAL-W2. To this end, we simulated the rainfall-runoff and the water quality (SS) of the watershed and the reservoir after conducting model calibration and the model validation. As the results of the calibration for the WinHSPF, the determination coefficient ($R^2$) for the flow (Q, $m^3/s$) was 0.87 and the $R^2$ for the SS was 0.78. As the results of the validation, the former was 0.78 and the latter was 0.67. The results seem to be acceptable. Similarly, the calibration results of the CE-QUAL-W2 showed that the RMSE for the water level was 1.08 and the RMSE for the SS was 1.11. The validation results(RMSE) of the water level was 1.86 and the SS was 1.86. Based on the daily simulation results, the water quality target (turbidity 50 NTU) was not exceeded for 2009~2011, as results of maximum turbidity in '09, '10, and '11 were 3.1, 2.5, 5.6 NTU, respectively. The maximum turbidity in the years with the maximum, the minimum, and the average of yearly precipitation (1982~2011) were 15.5, 7.8, and 9.0, respectively, and therefore the water quality target was satisfied. It was discharged high turbidity at Inbuk, Gaa, Naerin, Gwidun, Woogak, Jeongja watershed resulting of the maximum turbidity by sub-basins in 3years(2009~2011). The results indicated that the water quality target for the nonpoint source pollution management should be changed and management area should be adjusted and reduced.