• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.478-484
• /
• 1998

Distribution of polyphenolic compounds in oak tree (Quercus acutissima, three years old) collected from Forest Research Institute located in Kwang Leung, Kyeonggi-do, Korea, was investigated using chromatographic studies. Total 25 polyphenolic fractions were separated from an oak tree, of which 15, 11, 7, 7, and 4 were in leaf, stem, root, bark, and seed, respectively. Catechins are predominant compounds in the polyphenols and some flavonoids were also identified. Distribution of polyphenols was relatively different in each part. Polyphenols in all of the part studied, except leaf where polymer was not detected, were existed as polymeric, oligomeric, and monomeric forms. Relative contents of total polyphenols in Quercus acutissima were the highest in bark, followed by root, leaf, acorn, and stem. Monomeric polyphenols were the predominant compounds present in all of the part of the oak tree.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2007

To investigate the forest community structure ranging from 200 meters to 1,350 meters above sea level at Donnaeko valley of Mt. Hallasan in 2006, 15 plots were surveyed. According to the classification analysis by TWINSPAN, the plant communities were divided into five groups of Castanopsis sieboidii community, Castanopsis sieboldii - Quercus acuta community, mixed forest, Carpinus laxiflora - Quercus serrata community and deciduous broad-leaved forest. 22 species of evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Castanopsis sieboldii, Quercus acuta, Distylium racemosum, Camellia japonica, Eurya japonica, Ligustrum lucidum, Ilex crenata, Daphnipyllum macropodum, etc. were growing at Donnaeko valley. According to the attitudinal distribution of evergreen broad-leaved trees, Castanopsis sieboidii was a dominant species distributed from 200 meters to 350 meters above sea level, Castanopsis sieboldii and Quercus acuta were dominant species distributed from 400 meters to 600 meters above sea level and Quercus acuta was a dominant species distributed from 660 meters to 700 meters above sea level. Ilex crenata, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Elaeagnus glabra were distributed up to 1,350 meters above sea level in Donnaeko.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.412-424
• /
• 2009

The flora and vegetation of Chuncheon area were investigated from March, 2006 to September, 2008. Vascular plants of investigated regions were composed of 118 families, 496 genera, 894 species, 2 subspecies, 132 varieties, and 38 forms, totally 1,066 taxa, and the Pteridophyta index (Pte-Q) was 1.17. Forty two taxa including endemic genus Hanabusaya and Echinosophora among the 1,066 taxa were Korean endemic. Thirty three rare and endangered plants and 119 specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment were also investigated. The naturalized plants were 71 taxa, and percent of naturalized plant species were 6.66%. The vegetation of Chuncheon area were classified into five communities such as Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Acer mono community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis community and Quercus mongolica-Betula davurica community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.121-136
• /
• 1995

The forest vegetation on Mt. Ch’ongnyang was investigated for phytosociological analysis of the vegetation types and interspecific association. The forest was classified into seven vegetation units; A: Quercus Mongolica community, A-1: Group of Quercus variabilis, A-1-a: Subgroup of Pinus densiflora, A-1-b: Typical subgroup, A-2: Group of Aconitum trilobum, A-3: Group of Quercus dentata, B: Zelkova serrata communty. The group of Quercus variabilis was distributed on southeast- and southwest-facing slopes in 400~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 3.36~4.67％. The group of Aconitum trilobum was distributed on northeast- and northwest-facing slopes in 650~830 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 7.18％. The group of Quercus dentata was distributed on southwest-facing solpes in the vicinity of 810 m above the sea level, and organic matter in the soil was 9.7％. The Zelkova serrata community was distributed in the vicinity of ravines, and organic matter in the soil was 7.6％. The contents of Mg and Ca, and electric conductivity in the Zelkova serrata community were relatively high, 11.82 me/100mg, and 11.27 me/100mg, 102.2 μ mos/cm, respectively. In the results of polar ordination, environmental gradient of axis Ⅰ and axis Ⅱwere correlated with moisture, inclination and azimuth, respectively. Group of Quercus variabilis has occurred in xeric, group of Aconitum trilobum in submesic, and the Zelrova serrata community in mesic sites. In the meantime the interspecific association analysis based on chi-square yielded three species groupings with high positive affinity(p<0.01), i.e.group Ⅰ consisted of 18 species, including Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Ansliaea acerifolia, Aconitum trilobum and group Ⅲ consisted of 19 species, in cluding Zelrova serrata, Oplismenus undulatifolius, Acer truncatum var. barbinerve, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2005

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Bubong to Poamsan, 16plots$(400m^2)$ set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Bubong to Poamsan, and Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora were partly occupied in lower elevations. High positive correlations were proved between Lespedeza maximowixcii and Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus sieboldiana and Rhododendron mucronulatum, Acer mono and Weigela subsessilis, and relatively high negative correlations were proved between Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhododendron mucronulatum. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged from $0.9066\~1.0821$, and it was relatively low value compared to that of mountain ridge area of other national parks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.354-360
• /
• 2002

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Natural forest at the ridge from Gittaebong to Cheongoksan area 34 plots(10m$\times$10m) were set up with random sampling method. Three groups(Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community. Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla community) were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were proved between Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora; Pyrus pyrifolia and Viburnum sargentii, Euonymus sachalinensis; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Pinus densiflora; Symplocos chinensis for. Pilosa and corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica, Rhus trichocarpa Lespedeza bicolor; Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Weigela subsessilis and Euonymus sachalinensis, Rhus trichocarpa, Lespedeza bicolor; Rhus trichocarpa and Lespedeza bicolor and high negative corrlations were proved between Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurensis, Acer Pseudo-sieboldianum. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was 0.5981~0.8150.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.342-347
• /
• 2017

Since the first report of the oak wilt disease at 2004 in Korea, the disease distributed over Korean peninsula and are still giving severe damages. The management of oak wilt disease in Korea has mainly focused on the control of insect vector, Platypus koryoensis. Neverthless the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of the pathogen, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae (Rqm), and for screening chemical or biological agents with strong inhibitory activity against the pathogen, is absolutely necessary, an reliable method is not available so far. This study was conducted to develop the effective method for evaluating the pathogenicity of Rqm in oak trees. The culture suspensions of Rqm were artificially injected to the saplings of Quercus acutissima by using ChemJet tree injector. Three months after treatments, the treated saplings were cut and dipped into 1% fuchsin acid solution. There were significant differences in non-conductive area (%), discoloration area (%) and vertical discoloration length between the pathogen-injected and distilled water-injected control treatments. These results indicated that the pathogen is the causal agent for the dysfunction of water conductive tissue, which will finally result in wilt symptom. Re-isolation of the pathogen and PCR detection using specific primers for the pathogen also confirmed the presence of Rqm in the sapwood chips of the pathogen-injected saplings. These observations would be greatly applied to other related researches for evaluating the pathogenicity of tree wilt pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of the selected antagonistic microorganisms, in case that the wilt symptom is not easily shown by artificial inoculation of the causal agent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.1
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to classify forest communities and to aggregate forest cover types for the complex and diversified natural forest areas of Hwangaksan, Bakseoksan, Deogyusan, and Jirisan in southern region of Baekdudaegan Mountains. The vegetation data were collected by point-centered quarter sampling method. Eight hundred fifty one sample points were subjected to cluster analysis to classify 18 forest communities, which were aggregated into 7 representative forest cover types on the basis of community similarity from composition of canopy species. They were mixed mesophytic forest cover type, the others deciduous forest cover type, Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata cover type, Quercus mongolica cover type, Pinus densiflora cover type, Carpinus laxiflora cover type, and Abies koreana cover type. The Quercus mongolica cover type was most widely distributed in the study areas, and this cover type tended to occur in the place of higher altitude as latitude was getting lower. Mixed mesophytic forest and the others deciduous forest cover type were commonly distributed in the areas of valley, on the other hand, Quercus mongolica cover type and Pinus densiflora cover type tended to be distributed in the areas of ridge.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.27-42
• /
• 1986

The vegetation structure in the Hoo - Won, Changduk Palace in Seoul was analysed on 10 sites sampled for understanding structure of natural vegetation. The main vegetational survey was conducted during July, 1985 and actual vegetaion and degree of natural vegetaion types were surveyed additionally. The result summarized of this research are as follows. 1) The physical - chemical conditions of soil showed middle class. This might be derived by short succession period from Pine forest to decidious broadleaf forest and artificial impact by human intervention. 2) When considering dominance species by crown story, Quercus aliena was a dominant species over all site and Castanea crenata, Prunus sargentii and Quercus variabilis appeared as a dominant species locally at upper story. Styrax story and Rhododendron mucronulatum, Styrax japonica, Stephanandra incisa and Lespedeza spp. at lower story. 3) The distances kept by trees per crown story are as follows. The mean distances between trees were 4.5-5.5m at upper story, 2.8-3.3m at middle story. On the other hand, the mean distances between dominant species were 6-8m at upper story, 5-9m at middle story. 4) The vegetation in this area was not developed yet into dominant species community according to the similarity analysis. The natural vegetation was dominated by Quercus spp. especially Quercus aliena according to the analysis of species diversity, relative dominance by story and DBH class. On the orther hand, succession to climax stage dominated by shade tolerent species will take a long time due to little appearance of shade tolerence species by previous heavy artificial impacts on understory species. 5) Quercus forest took possesion of 71.3%(27.37ha) of total forest area when considering the actual vegetation and especially Quercus aliena community covered 53.2%(15.21ha). Carpinus laxiflora community, one of the climax species in temperate zone, took possesion of 1.0%(0.3ha) and Pine densiflora was almost disappeared due to species competition. 6) According to the degree of natural vegetation types, the possession of degree of 6-9 was 60.6% and degree of 7-8, substitute vegetation, was 15.5%. The possesion of degree of 9 which consists of over 50 years old trees simliar to natural vegetaion was the highest, 43.1% in this area. Therefore continuous protection in this area of degree of 9 should be recommended.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.76 no.4
• /
• pp.418-424
• /
• 1987

Considering the seral stage of succession, phytosocialogical analysis was carried out to investigate the structure and property of community of Pinus densiflora, Pinus densiflora-Quercus spp.-Carpinus laxiflora, and Quercus spp.-Carpinus laxiflora. The study area included a section of 200m high at the sea level in Mt. Jokye, Seungju-gun, Chunlanam-do. The results show that density of forest trees tended to be decreased, Shannon species diversity index increased, and dominance decreased as seral stage progressed. Patterns of DBH class distribution showed nearly S types. In the study area succession of forest community might progressed toward climax, leading from Pinus densiflora community to Quercus spp.-Carpinus laxiflora community with intermediary Pinus densiflora-Quercus spp.-Carpinus laxiflora community. The fact that there was no pure community of Quercus spp. might be due to the rapid development of forest community investigated.