• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.825-832
• /
• 2014

Previous works for detecting arrhythmia have mostly used nonlinear method such as artificial neural network, fuzzy theory, support vector machine to increase classification accuracy. Most methods require accurate detection of P-QRS-T point, higher computational cost and larger processing time. Even if some methods have the advantage in low complexity, but they generally suffer form low sensitivity. Also, it is difficult to detect PVC accurately because of the various QRS pattern by person's individual difference. Therefore it is necessary to design an efficient algorithm that classifies PVC based on QRS pattern in realtime and decreases computational cost by extracting minimal feature. In this paper, we propose PVC classification based on QRS pattern using QS interval and R wave amplitude. For this purpose, we detected R wave, RR interval, QRS pattern from noise-free ECG signal through the preprocessing method. Also, we classified PVC in realtime through QS interval and R wave amplitude. The performance of R wave detection, PVC classification is evaluated by using 9 record of MIT-BIH arrhythmia database that included over 30 PVC. The achieved scores indicate the average of 99.02% in R wave detection and the rate of 93.72% in PVC classification.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.241-250
• /
• 1987

We scrutinized the preoperative electrocardiographic and hemodynamic findings in adult atrial septal defects older than 15 years, and then followed up the postoperative electrocardiographic changes sequentially. In preoperative electrocardiographs, the mean PR interval [0.17 sec] was prolonged than normal adults [M;0.13,F;0.15], and the mean QRS axis [93.1*] was deviated to rightward than normal [M;63.7*,F;64.4*], and 122 cases of all 159 patients [77.8%] were in RAD quadrant. The QRS morphology was classified into three groups; a] crista supraventricularis hypertrophy, 25 cases, b] right ventricular outflow tract hypertrophy, 89 cases, c] right ventricular hypertrophy, 44 cases, and normal rs pattern, 1 case. Comparing the QP/QS, Pp/Ps, Rp/Rs in these three groups, Qp/Qs increased a] 2.65 to b] 2.97 and decreased b] 2.97 to c] 2.55, Pp/Ps increased a] 0.27 to b] 0.35 to c] 0.44, and Rp/Rs increased a] 0.1 to b] 0.14 to c] 0.2. In comparing the atrial fibrillation with sinus rhythm, the patient`s mean age was increased [26.4 to 45.7], the mean Qp/Qs was decreased [2.97 to 2.7], the mean Pp/Ps was increased [0.35 to 0.46], the mean Rp/Rs increased [0.14 to 0.2], and the QRS morphology was RVOT hypertrophy;7 cases, RVH;2 cases in all 11 cases. Therefore, the atrial fibrillation was appeared in progressed status. Increasing the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, size of the R` wave in Vl lead increased, and the QRS morphology tended to become severe patterns. Postoperatively, the PR interval shortened and QRS axis tended to normal axis quadrant, and size of R` wave decreased sequentially, atrial fibrillation disappeared in 4 cases. Conclusively, by use of the conventional surface electrocardiography, we could anticipate the hemodynamic changes and the prognosis at outpatient department.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.988-1001
• /
• 2018

Arrhythmia has recently emerged as one of the major causes of death in Koreans. Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC) is the most common arrhythmia that can be found in clinical practice, and it may be a precursor to dangerous arrhythmias, such as paroxysmal insomnia, ventricular fibrillation, and coronary artery disease. Therefore, we need for a method that can detect an abnormal heart beat and diagnose arrhythmia early. We extracted the features corresponding to the QRS pattern from the subject's ECG signal and classify the premature ventricular contraction waveform using the features. We modified the weighting and bias values based on the error back-propagation algorithm through learning data. We classify the normal signal and the premature ventricular contraction signal through the modified weights and deflection values. MIT-BIH arrhythmia data sets were used for performance tests. We used RR interval, QS interval, QR amplitude and RS amplitude features. And the hidden layer with two nodes is composed of two layers to form a total three layers (input layer 0, output layer 3).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.1531-1539
• /
• 2014

Premature ventricular contraction(PVC) is the most common disease among arrhythmia and it may cause serious situations such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Nevertheless personalized difference of ECG signal exist, performance degradation occurs because of carrying out diagnosis by general classification rule. In other words, the design of algorithm that exactly detects abnormal signal and classifies PVC by analyzing the persons's physical condition and/or environment and variable QRS pattern is needed. Thus, PVC classification by personalized abnormal signal detection and QRS pattern variability is presented in this paper. For this purpose, we detected R wave through the preprocessing method and subtractive operation method and selected abnormal signal sets. Also, we classified PVC in realtime through QS interval and R wave amplitude. The performance of abnormal beat detection and PVC classification is evaluated by using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. The achieved scores indicate the average of 98.33% in abnormal beat classification error and 94.46% in PVC classification.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.474-481
• /
• 1990

We have experienced 44 cases of coarctation of aorta in the age of infancy and children from April 1986 to September 1989 at Seoul National University Children`s hospital. Patients were thirty males and fourteen females, and their age ranged from one month to ten years[mean 23.84 $\pm$33.06 months] with thirty-two infant cases. In the infantile age, congestive heart failure was the most common chief complaint[18/32], and above that age, frequent upper respiratory infection was most common[8/12]. We experienced thirteen cases of isolated COA, twenty-two cases of COA with VSD, eight cases of COA with VSD, eight cases of COA with intracardiac complex anomalies and one case of COA with atrial septal defect. The associated intracardiac complex anomalies were three Taussig-Bing type double outlet right ventricle, one single ventricle, one transposition of great arteries, one atrioventricular septal defect, one hypoplastic aortic arch with left heart hypoplasia, and one Tetralogy of Fallot. Operative techniques of COA were twenty-three subclavian flap arterioplasty, 12 resection and end to end anastomosis, eight onlay patch angioplasty, and I direct angioplasty after resection of web. Among the cases with other cardiac anomalies, staged operation was done in twenty-nine patients, and single stage total correction was performed only in three patients. There were seven operative mortality[15.9%], all being in infantile age group, and among fourteen cases associated with large VSD[Qp/Qs>2.0, mean pulmonary arterial pressure>50mmHg], four patients were died, but there was no mortality in patients with small VSD. With above results, we are intended to discuss about the interval between staged operation, the fate of VSD after coarctoplasty in case of COA with VSD, causes of death, complications etc.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.319-337
• /
• 1997

The electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in the normal Korean black goat have been measured with a 3-channel Electrocardiograph and computed, analyzed. ECG in 243 black goats were made with the limb leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF), that were recorded conduction parameters of wave and interval, and were analyzed as to shape and amplitude of the P and T waves and the components of the QRS complex. Heart rate were recorded by the ECG which were a mean of 106.1$\pm $21.8 beats/min. Average conduction times in the PR, the QRS complex and the QTc interval were recorded 103.9$\pm $34.9 msec., 58.3$\pm $23.2 msec. and 302.6$\pm $67.8 msec., in the P and T wave duration recorded 24.8$\pm $6.4 msec. and 51.7$\pm $10.8 msec. respectively. The shape of wave in each leads were observed various types, and any spacial wave type appeared the highest frequency in each lead that ware shown less than 60%, and these frequent rate and average amplitudes as fallow: 1. In P waver the frequent rate and average amplitudes of the positive type showed in leads I, II and aVL that were 54.8% (93.0$\pm $ 33.2 $\mu $V), 50.5% (90.1$\pm $30.5 $\mu $V) and 41.7% (58.5$\pm $ 31.1 $\mu $V). Average amplitude of the negative type showed the frequent rate of 49.8% in lead aVE which was -77.6$\pm$ 25.2 $\mu $V. Biphasic type in leads III and aVF were 46.1% (108.4 $\mu $V, -90.2 $\mu $V.) and 45.7% (137.4 $\mu $V, -105.4 $\mu $V.), and amplitudes between positive and negative of it were significant difference. 2. The highest amplitudes of the QRS complex in all leads were 534.8$\pm $ 232.3 $\mu $V of lead II. The frequent rate and amplitudes of the R wave type in the I, II, III and aVF were 30.2% (277.8 $\pm $131.3 $\mu $V), 45.1% (393.1$\pm $114.2 $\mu $V), 48.5% (349.3$\pm $178.3 $\mu $V) and 54.9% (334.4$\pm $129.7 $\mu $V), and QS ways type in the lead aVL was 49.5% (359.2$\pm $195.5$\mu $V), and RS and QS wave types in the lead a VR were 43.3% (312.4 $\mu $V, -212.7 $\mu $V.) and 41.1% (399.2$\pm $92.2 $\mu $V), respectively. 3. In T wave, the frequent rata and amplitudes of the positive type in the leads I, II, III and aVF were 44.6% (207.9$\pm $ 97.1 $\mu $V), 41.6% (245.1$\pm $92.1 $\mu $V), 46.9% (189.8$\pm $ 82.7 $\mu $V) and 53.0% (195.4197.8 $\mu $V), and the negative in the lead aVR was 41.2% (-230.7$\pm$ 103.1 $\mu $V), respectively. The positive and negative types in the lead aVe appeared with same frequent rate of 43.2%.4. Frontal plane vectors for P, QRS, and T were found to lie at 38.1$\pm $ 21.5, 142.0$\pm $ 57.2, and 117.2$\pm $ 63.9 degrees, respectively. These results in ECG of goats may be served to the limited purposes as to conduction parameters, arrhythmias except abnormal ECG because of waveforms, amplitudes and electrical axis of it were variability.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.719-734
• /
• 1993

The electrocardiographic(ECG) parameters on the standard limb leads in the normal Korean native cattle have been measured with a 3 channel Electrocardiograph built in a computed analysis. The study was conducted on the animals 98 heads of mean age of 17.7 months. Conduction parameters, waves, intervals and segments have been recorded. The recordings were analyzed as to shape and amplitude of the P and T waves and the components of the QRS complex. Heart rate was recorded by the Electrocardiogram which were a mean of $80.4{\pm}11.6beats/min$. And the younger had a higher heart rate than the older one. Average conduction times in the RP, the QRS complex and the QTc interval recorded $166.7{\pm}23.1msec.$, $79.7{\pm}8.8msec.$ and $395.5{\pm}30.4msec.$, in the P and T wave duration recorded $70.1{\pm}13.5msec.$ and $97.6{\pm}16.9msec.$, and in the PR and ST segment duration recorded $97.9{\pm}23.5msec.$ and $173.9{\pm}40.3msec.$, respectively. The wave forms in each lead observed various types. The amplitudes of wave type showed the highest frequency in each lead that were analyzed as follow : 1. In P wave, amplitudes of the positive type showed the frequency of 65.3%, 82.7% and 52.0% in leads I, II and III that were $103.1{\pm}47.8{\mu}V$, $115.2{\pm}37.3{\mu}V$ and $67.4{\pm}26.9{\mu}V$, and it showed the frequency of 54.1% and 85.7% in the leads aVL and aVF that were $63.7{\pm}23.0{\mu}V$, $88.0{\pm}83.6{\mu}V$, respectively. Average amplitude of the negative type showed the frequency of 78.6% in lead aVR which was $99.3{\pm}38.0{\mu}V$. 2. Average amplitude of the QRS complex were from $362.8{\pm}177.7{\mu}V$ to $532.8{\pm}253.9{\mu}V$(mean of $449.1{\pm}57.2{\mu}V$) that in all leads except lead I were manifested the Low-Voltage QRS complex(below 0.5mV). Average amplitudes of each wave type in the QRS complex aere $-50.2.4{\pm}258.2{\mu}V$ and $-428.6{\pm}195.1{\mu}V$ in the QS groups type that showed a frequency of 66.3%, 70.4% in the leads I and aVL, were $451.1{\pm}20.4.0{\mu}V$, $387.6{\pm}175.8{\mu}V$ and $299.3{\pm}146.5{\mu}V$ in the R groups type that showed a frequency of 48.0%, 53.1% and 34.7% in the leads III, aVR and aVF, and were $-307.5{\pm}180.3{\mu}V$, $201.4{\pm}77.2{\mu}V$ in the QR wave type which showed a frequency of 39.8% in lead II, respectively. 3. In T wave, amplitude of the positive type showed the frequency of 50.0%, 82.7%, 51.0% and 57.1% in leads II, III aVR and aVF which were $214.9{\pm}115.6{\mu}V$, $188.5{\pm}119.3{\mu}V$, $191.0{\pm}93.7{\mu}V$ and $165.7{\pm}91.9{\mu}V$, and the negative type showed a frequecny of 66.3% and 72.5% in leads I and aVL. that were $221.3{\pm}112.5{\mu}V$, $-173.6{\pm}86.7{\mu}V$, respectively. 4. Amplitude of ST segment in leads I, II and III were a mean of $-12.2{\pm}37.2{\mu}V$, $17.5{\pm}42.6{\mu}V$ and $28.3{\pm}40.4{\mu}V$, in leads aVR, aVL and aVF were $-3.9{\pm}32.5{\mu}V$, $-15.9{\pm}35.6{\mu}V$ and $26.2{\pm}37.5{\mu}V$, respectively.