• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.624-631
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify the effect of the push-up plus exercise with sling on the muscle activity and lung function in adults with forward head posture over a period of 8 weeks. A total of 16 adults with forward head posture were recruited. The participants were divided into two groups : control (n-=8) and experimental (n=8). From July 6 until Aug 28, 2015, the participants were instructed to perform the knee push-up plus exercise and knee push-up plus using sling exercise three times a week to begin with and progressing to three sets of push-ups on each occasion after 8 weeks. The participants in both groups showed an increase in their craniovertebral angle (both groups p<0.001) and a decrease in their crania rotation angle (control p<0.05, experimental p<0.001). The participants in both groups showed a decrease in their trapezius activity (both groups p<0.001), an increase in their serratus anterior and lower trapezius muscle activity (both groups p<0.001), (and an increase in their) lung function (control group p<0.01, experimental group p<0.001). These findings show that push-up plus exercise improves posture and increases activation of lung function, while the push-up plus exercise in the sling is more effective in improving the forward head posture. The push-up plus exercise in the sling was more effective in improving the forward head posture, but there was no significant difference in the lung function between the two groups. Therefore, the push-up plus exercise in the sling is recommended as an exercise that is effective for the improvement of the posture and lung function of persons with forward head posture.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.44-52
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• 2007

This study was carried out to compare the muscle activities of the shoulder stabilizers between persons with and without winging scapular during push-up plus exercise (adds the scapular protraction to the general push-up exercise). For this study, eleven males with winging scapular and eleven healthy males were recruited. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the serratus anterior, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, infraspinatus, and pectoralis major while the subjects performed the push-up plus. Each push-up plus was subdivided into three phases according to the elbow position which was measured using the 3-D motion analysis system: elbow flexion (EF), elbow extension (EE), and shoulder protraction phases (SP). Two-way repeated measure ANOVA (phase ${\times}$ group) were used for statistical analysis. There was significant phase by group interaction only on the EMG composition ratio of the serratus anterior (p>.05). The EMG composition ratio of the serratus anterior was significantly higher in SP than in either EF or EE however, it was not different between winging scapular and normal groups. For both groups, the EMG composition ratio of upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and pectoralis major was significantly different across the phases of push-up plus, but the infraspinatus EMG composition ratio was not. For both groups, in EF and EE phases, the EMG composition ratio of both pectoralis major and serratus anterior were relatively higher than that of other muscles. However, in both groups, the EMG composition ratio of the serratus anterior became much more predominant than that of the pectoralis major. In addition, infraspinatus activated greater than pectoralis major. These results showed that the push-up plus exercise is effective to selectively strengthen the serratus anterior for both individuals with and without winging scapular, but not equally effective for other shoulder stabilizers.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2005

The couple force of the scapular stabilizers for upward rotation that include the upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior muscles is essential to maintain the stability of shoulder joint. But if there is an imbalance of these muscles, it would occur many problems of shoulder joint. A push-up plus exercise with an unstable support is used in order to increase the muscle activity and stimulate the proprioception of shoulder joint. The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle activity of upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior muscles and to determine which exercise is more effective when subjects perform push-up plus exercise in the stable support and unstable support. 15 healthy subjects and 15 painful subjects with injury of shoulder joint participated in this study. Surface electromyography data were collected during plus phase of push-up plus exercise. The types of push-up plus exercise were composed of three conditions. Stable type is subjects performed the push-up plus exercise on the fixed support and unstable type 1 is on the sling without shaking and unstable type 2 is on the sling with shaking by tester's manual. The upper and lower trapezius activities of injured group were higher than uninjured group at three measure conditions, but serratus anterior activities were not. The UT/SA ratio of injured group was higher than uninjured group at three measure conditions. The serratus anterior activities were most high at unstable 2 measure in both groups. The UT/SA ratio was most low at unstable 2 measure condition in injured group only. The present result revealed that push-up plus exercise in the unstable support with shaking which took most high serratus anterior activities and most low of UT/SA ratio is optimal cure method that can improve the imbalance of the scapular stabilizer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for effects of the push-up plus exercise program on scapular position and on muscle activity in individuals with rounded shoulder posture (RSP). Methods: The supine method was applied to 46 potential subjects, of which 30 with RSP were selected. Subjects with RSP were divided into two groups: a gender push-up plus group as the experimental group a pectoralis minor self.stretch group as the control group. RSP data after 4 weeks of each intervention were obtained and analyzed to measure the activities of the 3 muscles. Results: The two groups differed significantly with regard to EMG changes in the serratus anterior (p<0.05). The EMG results indicated a significant reduction in the activity of the upper trapezius in the experimental group (p<0.05). EMG results indicated a significant increase in the activity of the serratus anterior after the intervention (p<0.05). EMG results of the subjects in the control group indicated that the activity of the upper trapezius significantly decreased (p<0.05). The RSP values of the subjects in both groups were significantly decreased (p<0.00). Conclusion: An improvement in the strength of the serratus anterior, and in the stretch effectiveness of the pectoralis minor, as well as changes in the scapular position were observed after 4 weeks of push-up plus exercise by the subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2018

PURPOSE: Scapular stability is very important to arm function during activities of daily living. The push-up plus exercise is commonly used to stabilize the shoulder muscles. In the present study, we designed an elastic shoulder band (ESB) that could be used with the push-up plus exercise and studied muscle activities of the serratus anterior (SA) and the lower and the upper trapezius (LT and UT) on stable and unstable support. METHODS: Fifteen healthy people participated in this study. Three muscles were investigated using surface EMG with and without the ESB on stable and unstable support. All subjects performed each trial three times for 7 seconds per set and rested for 30 seconds. Repeated one-way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The EMG activity of the SA was significantly different during the push-up plus exercise on stable support with the ESB compared with that on unstable support without the ESB (p<.05). However, there were no differences in the activities of UT and LT on stable and unstable support (p>.05). CONCLUSION: The ESB was effective for the activity of SA during the push-up plus exercise on stable support; therefore, it has the potential for use by people during push-up plus exercises. However, further studies are required to investigate the rehabilitation tools for patients with shoulder instability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.48-56
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• 2014

The aim of this study to investigate the effects of craniocervical flexion on muscle activities of scapular upward rotators during push-up plus exercise in subjects with winging scapula. Eighteen males with scapular winging were recruited, and each subject performed knee push-up plus and other exercises, in two conditions (craniocervical flexion vs. natural head positions). A surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure upper trapezius (UT), serratus anterior (SA), and lower trapezius (LT) muscle activity. A paired t-test was used to determine the statistical significance between the different condition with/without applying of craniocervical flexion. UT EMG activity significantly decreased and SA EMG activity significantly increased during knee push-up plus involving the craniocervical flexion compared to the natural head position. However, no significant differences (p>.05) were found in the activity of the LT muscle. The UT/SA ratios with and without craniocervical flexion showed a significant difference (p<.05). These results showed that the knee push-up plus other exercises performed with craniocervical flexion could strengthen the serratus anterior muscle and minimize the activity of the UT muscle.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out the effects on muscle activations of serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscles when push-up plus exercise togu applied differently depending on the body part. Method : Thirty six volunteers took part in this study and we divided into three groups(upper arm togu group 12, leg togu group 12, upper arm-leg togu group 12). Each experimental group performed push-up plus exercise. All volunteers received a total of 18 exercise session over a 6 week period (three times per week). Exercise program was composed of serratus anterior and upper trapezius push-up plus exercise. Then we measured muscle activation of scapular stabilizer by electromyography. Repeated ANOVA was used to examine the effects of the intervention on each outcome measure. Result : After the six week intervention, there was a significant difference between the pre and 6 week in serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscle activity(p<0.05). After the six week intervention, there was a significant difference among the three group in serratus anterior muscle activity but no significant difference in upper trapezius muscle activity(p>.05). Conclusion : Serratus anterior and upper trapezius showed high muscle activity during push-up plus exercise. Therefore have a positive impact of scapular stabilizer. The larger the area of the unstable support surface, the larger muscle activity was larger of variation quantity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

Purpose : This study was investigated effects of vibration on scapular winging of knee push-up plus exercise. Methods : Twenty-eight female subjects with scapular winging were evaluated after performing knee push-up plus exercise, with or without vibration, three times a week for four weeks. Muscle activation of the serratus anterior and upper trapezius, and the ratio of activation of the upper trapezius to serratus anterior were measured using surface EMG; and scapular winging length was measured by using the caliper. Results : The findings showed that knee push-up plus exercise -with and without- vibration induced a significant increase in muscle activation of serratus anterior (p<.05) and a significant decrease in muscle activation of the upper trapezius (p<.05), the ratio of muscle activation of the upper trapezius to the serratus anterior (p<.05) and scapular winging length (p<.05). There was also a significant difference in muscle activation of the serratus anterior (p<.05) and upper trapezius (p<.05) between control and experimental group at post-test. Conclusion : This study suggests positive clinical effects of knee push-up plus exercise with vibration which enhanced muscle activation of serratus anterior and reduced muscle activation of upper trapezius in person with scapular winging. However, vibration had no effectiveness to improve muscle imbalance between serratus anterior and upper trapezius, and reduce the scapular winging length.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.24-34
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess how much neurac technic affects the stability muscles of the shoulder according to the supporting surface in crawling position. Method: 29 healthy adult males participated in this experiment. The experiment consists of 2 experimental groups and 1 control group. It is conducted for 3 weeks. Each group exercised for 7 seconds and then rested for 3 seconds. Using EMG, the average value of serratus anterior, upper trapezius, and lower trapezius was repeated three times. Experimental group 1 conducted push up plus exercise applied neurac technic with sling on unstable supporting surface. Experimental group 2 conducted push up plus exercise applied neurac technic with sling on stable supporting surface. Control group conducted the push up plus exercise on stable supporting surface. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Result: It was noticeable that the result of Experimental group 1 affects stability muscles of more than Experimental group 2 and Control group. Conclusion: Push up plus position applied neurac technic with sling on unstable supporting surface was the most effective in activating the stability muscles of the shoulder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on scapular winging during the knee push-up plus exercise. METHODS: A total of 26 female subjects with scapular winging were evaluated while performing the knee push-up plus exercise with no vibration, low-frequency/low-amplitude (5 Hz/3 mm) vibration, low-frequency/high-amplitude (5 Hz/9 mm) vibration, high-frequency/low-amplitude (15 Hz/3 mm) vibration, and high-frequency/high-amplitude (15 Hz/9 mm) vibration. The surface EMG of the serratus anterior (SA) muscle was compared between the vibration frequency and amplitude. The EMG amplitude was normalized using the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). The statistical significance of the results was evaluated using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The SA muscle EMG values increased at low-frequency/low-amplitude vibration and at low-frequency/high-amplitude vibration compared to no vibration. Furthermore, the same values increased at high-frequency/low-amplitude vibration and high-frequency/high-amplitude vibration compared to no vibration. In general, a higher vibration frequency and amplitude was associated with higher EMG values of the SA muscle, with particularly greater increases observed during high-frequency/high-amplitude vibration. There was also a significant difference between each condition with a high-frequency/high-amplitude vibration (p<.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there were remarkable clinical effect of the knee push-up plus exercise with vibration, which enhanced the SA muscle activation in persons with scapular winging. Furthermore, applying a higher vibration frequency and amplitude more effectively increased for increasing SA muscle activation.