• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.91-97
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• 2000

The conventional model did not take momentum conservation into consideration when the electron absorbs and emits the photons. II-ray provides momentum conservations on any directions of the entering photons, and also the electrons have radial momentum conservations and fully elastic bouncing between two atoms, in the new atom model. Conventional atom model must be criticized on the following four points. (1) Natural motions between positive and negative entities are not circular motions but linear going and returning ones, for examples sexual motion, tidal motion, day and night etc. Because the radius of hydrogen atom's electron orbit is the order of 10$^{-11}$ m and the radia of the nucleons in the nucleus are the order of 10$^{-l4}$m and then the converging n-gamma rays to the nucleus have so great circular momentum, the electron can not have a circular motion. We can say without doubt that any elementary mass particle can have only linear motion because of the n-rays' hindrances, near the nucleus. (2) Potential energy generation was neglected when electron changes its orbit from outer one to inner one. The h v is the kinetic energy of the photo-electron. The total energy difference between orbits comprises kinetic and potential energies. (3) The structure of the space must be taken into consideration because the properties of the electron do not change during the transition from outer orbit to inner one even though it produces photon. (4) Total energy conservation law applies to the energy flow between mind and matter because we daily experiences a interconnection between mind and body. An understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the control of normal proliferation and differentiation of the various cell types which make up the human body will undoubtedly allow a greater insight into the abnormal growth of cells, A large body of biochemical evidence was eventually used to generate a receptor model with an external ligand binding domain linked through a single trans-membrane domain to the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase and autophosphory-lation domains. The ligand induced conformational change in the external domain generates either a push-pull or rotational signal which is transduced from the outside to the inside of cell.l.ell.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.54-56
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• 2006

Single-well-gas-sparging tests were developed and evaluated for assessing the feasibility of in-situ aerobic cometabolism of trichloroethylene (TCE), using propane as a growth substrate. To evaluate transport characteristics of dissolved solutes [sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) or bromide (non-reactive tracers), propane (a growth substrate), ethylene, propylene (nontoxic surrogates to probe for CAH transformation activity), and DO], push-pull transport tests were performed. Mass balance showed about 90% of the injected bromide and about 80% of the injected SF6 were recovered, and the recoveries of other solutes were comparable with bromide and slightly higher than SF6. A series of Gas-Sparging Biostimulation tests were performed by sparging propane/oxygen/argon/SF6 gas mixtures, and temporal ground water samples were obtained from the injection well under natural gradient 'drift' conditions. The decreased time for propane depletion and the longer time to deplete SF6 as a conservative tracer indicate the progress of biostimulation. Gas-Sparging Activity tests were performed. .Propane utilization, DO consumption, and ethylene and propylene cometabolism were well demonstrated. The stimulated propane-utilizers cometabolized ethylene and propylene to produce ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, as cometabolic by-products, respectively. Gas-Sparging Acetylene Blocking tests were performed by sparging gas mixtures including acetylene to demonstrate the involvement of monooxygenase enzymes. Gas substrate degradation was essentially completely Inhibited in the presence of acetylene, and no production of the corresponding oxides was also observed. The Gas-Sparging tests supports the evidences that the successive stimulation of propane-oxidizing microorganisms, cometabolic transformation of ethylene and propylene by the enzyme responsible for methane and propane degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation by comparing trunk muscle thickness, as well as balance of healthy adults during exercises performed with an oscillatory device and non-oscillatory device. METHODS: Twenty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the trunk strengthening exercise using oscillation (TSEO) group (n=11) or the trunk strengthening exercise using non-oscillation (TSEN) group (n=11). Subjects in all groups performed the exercises three days per week for 6 weeks. All subjects performed four types of exercises: pull over, seated twist, power push, and diagonal power plank. Trunk muscle thickness of the rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), transverse abdominis (TrA), and multifidus (MT) were measured with an ultrasonography. The balance ability were evaluated using the Romberg test with eyes open, eyes closed, one-leg standing test (OLST), and limits of stability (LOS). All tests were performed before the intervention, as well as after 6 weeks and 8 weeks of exercises. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of RA, IO, TrA, and MT according to the main effect of the time (p<.05). There was a significant difference of IO and LOS according to interaction effect between the time and group (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As intended, the cyclic forces induced by the oscillating device did increase trunk muscle thickness. However, the effect was limited and significant only for the IO muscle. Combining trunk strengthening exercise with oscillation appears to be more effective in improving dynamic balance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.3-9
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• 2000

Rural area is not only majority area of national territories but also conservative area of traditions. But, rural area is, compare to the urban area, keep at a distance from the progression of industrialization and construction of infrastructures, and depopulation by push/pull effect of industrialization caused aged residents of the rural area. vacated space of the rural region, and ruined the rural amenity. And the other side, investment for the agriculture and rural area was focused to development of water and land reclamation for improvement of rice cultivation since late of 1960. As same steps, the rural settlement regional planning project was implemented with nation wide scale ever since the 1990. But, there was no guidance and technique firmly settle down for the rural planning. The rural planning that have rationality and reasonability must be set by systematical approach of planning hierarchies and interdisciplinary of multiple area of research. Hence, the guidance compilation was proposed and implemented for the rural planner and engineers, although timely late.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.467-471
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• 2016

New electron deficient moiety, 6,7-difluoro-2,3-dihexylquinoxaline, was developed for the push-pull type copolymer for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The PFDTQxF with lower HOMO energy level was synthesized using fluorene and 6,7-difluoro- 2,3-dihexylquinoxaline by Suzuki polymerization. The PFDTQxF thin film shows two absorption peaks at 368 and 493 nm. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of PFDTQxF are calculated -5.55 and -3.91 eV, respectively. The device comprising PFDTQxF showed a $V_{OC}$ value of 0.47 V, a $J_{SC}$ value of $4.48mA/cm^2$, and a FF of 0.32, which yielded PCE of 0.78%, under the illumination of AM 1.5.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.83-89
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• 2014

A ku-band complementary cross-coupled differential voltage controlled oscillator is designed, measured and fabricated using $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. A 2.4GHz of very wide frequency tuning at oscillating frequency of 14.5GHz is achieved with presented circuit topology and MOS varactors. Measurement results show -1.66dBm output power with 18mA DC current drive from 3.3V power supply. When 5V is applied, the output power is increased to 0.84dBm with 47mA DC current. -74.5dBc/Hz phase noise at 100kHz offset is measured. The die area is $1.02mm{\times}0.66mm$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2002

Solvolyses rate constants of trimethylacetyl chloride (2), isobutyryl chloride (3), diphenylacetyl chloride (4) and p-methoxyphenylacetyl chloride (5) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)-water, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP)-water and TFE-et hanol solvent systems at $10^{\circ}C$ are determined by a conductimetric method. Kinetic solvent isotope effects (KSIE) are reported from additional kinetic data for methanolyses of various substituted acetylchlorides in methanol According to the results of those reactions analyzed in terms of rate-rate profiles,extended Grunwald-Winstein type correlations, application of a third order reaction model based a general base catalyzed (GBC) and KSIE values. Regardless of the kind of neighboring groups (CH3- or Ph-groups) of reaction center, for aqueous fluorinated alcohol systems, solvolyses of 2, 3, 4, and 5 were exposed to the reaction with the same mechanism (a loose SN2 type mechanism by electrophilic solvation) controlled by a similarity of solvation of the transition sate (TS). Whereas, for TFE-ethanol solvent systems, the reactivity depended on whether substituted acetyl chloride have aromatic rings (Ph-) or alkyl groups (CH3-); the solvations by the predominant stoichiometric effect (third order reaction mechanism by GBC and/or by push-pull type) for Ph- groups (4 and 5) and the same solvation effects as those shown in TFE-water solvent systems for CH3- groups (2 and 3) were exhibited Such phenomena can be interpreted as having relevance to the inductive effect ( $\sigmaI)$ of substituted groups; the plot of log (KSIE) vs. ${\sigma}I$ parameter give an acceptable the linear correlation with r = 0.970 (slope = 0.44 $\pm$ 0.06, n = 5).

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

Recently, the games on the market are getting rich and excellent in the category of design and productions. The style and production quality of cut-scenes also have achieved a continuous development, so how to stand out from multiple designs and gain popularity always acts as a challenge to designers. However, such design strategy up to developers will be failed to judge whether or not design achievements are loved by players and thus cannot meet rapidly changing market demands on both in a quantity and quality. Therefore, this study holds that cut-scene design for video games must set out from user-centered design(UCD). According to literatures with respect to product market, we know that Market Pull imposes far more impacts on success in bringing new products to the market than the technology Push, hence players actually determines the success of a game in competitive game market. This study will help to enhance the immersion of playing game, including the interest and standing out the designer's message without distorting the original impression in the game publishing environment.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.260-268
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• 2020

This paper presents the high frequency resonant inverter of class D SEPP(Single-Ended Push Pull) type using LS-ZVS-LSTC, which can reduce the switching losses during the turn-on and turn-off switching time. The analysis of high frequency resonant inverter using LS-ZVS-LSTC(Low-loss Turn-off Snubber Capacitor) proposed in this paper is described in general by adopting the normalized parameters. The operating characteristics of the proposed high frequency resonant inverter were also evaluated by using the control parameters such as the normalized control frequency(μ), the normalized load time constant(τ), the coupling factor(κ) and so on. Based on the characteristic values through the characteristics of evaluation, an example of the design method of the 1.8[kW] class D SEPP type high frequency inverter is suggested, and the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified using the experimental data.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

The purpose of this review is to name and describe the important factors of musculoskeletal strain originating from pushing and pulling tasks such as cart handling that are commonly found in industrial contexts. A literature database search was performed using the research platform Web of Science. For a study to be included in this review differences in measured or calculated strain had to be investigated with regard to: (1) cart weight/ load; (2) handle position and design; (3) exerted forces; (4) handling task (push and pull); or (5) task experience. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and proved to be of adequate methodological quality by the standards of the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. External load or cart weight proved to be the most influential factor of strain. The ideal handle positions ranged from hip to shoulder height and were dependent on the strain factor that was focused on as well as the handling task. Furthermore, task experience and subsequently handling technique were also key to reducing strain. Workplace settings that regularly involve pushing and pulling should be checked for potential improvements with regards to lower weight of the loaded handling device, handle design, and good practice guidelines to further reduce musculoskeletal disease prevalence.