• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1103-1108
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for attenuating the background noises in acoustic signal. This algorithm improves the noise attenuation performance by using the FNN(: Full-connected Neural Network) deep learning algorithm instead of the existing adaptive filter after wavelet transform. After wavelet transforming the input signal for each short-time period, noise is removed from a single input audio signal containing noise by using a 1024-1024-512-neuron FNN deep learning model. This transforms the time-domain voice signal into the time-frequency domain so that the noise characteristics are well expressed, and effectively predicts voice in a noisy environment through supervised learning using the conversion parameter of the pure voice signal for the conversion parameter. In order to verify the performance of the noise reduction system proposed in this study, a simulation program using Tensorflow and Keras libraries was written and a simulation was performed. As a result of the experiment, the proposed deep learning algorithm improved Mean Square Error (MSE) by 30% compared to the case of using the existing adaptive filter and by 20% compared to the case of using the STFT(: Short-Time Fourier Transform) transform effect was obtained.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2024

In this investigation, samples of the chemical (Hg_1-xPb_xBa₂Ca_1.8Mg_0.2Cu₃O_8+δ) were prepared utilizing a solid-state reaction technique with a range of lead concentrations (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20). Specimens were pressed at 8 tons per square centimeter and then prepared at 1,138 K in the furnace. The crystalline structure and surface topography of all samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction results showed that all of the prepared samples had a tetragonal crystal structure. Also, the results showed that when lead was partially replaced with mercury, an increase in the lead value impacted the phase ratio, and lattice parameter values. The AFM results likewise showed excellent crystalline consistency and remarkable homogeneity during processing. The electrical resistivity was calculated as a function of temperature, and the results showed that all samples had a contagious behavior, as the resistivity decreased with decreasing temperature. The critical temperature was calculated and found to change, from 102, 96, 107, and 119 K, when increasing the lead values in the samples from 0.0 to 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 한국환경과학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 프로그램
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• pp.2-4
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• 1998

Proliferation of Nocardia amarae cells in activated sludge has often been associated with the generation of nuisance foams. Despite intense research activities in recent years to examine the causes and control of Nocardia foaming in activated sludge, the foaming continued to persist throughout the activated sludge treatment plants in United States. In addition to causing various operational problems to treatment processes, the presence of Nocardia may have secondary effects on the fate of heavy metals that are not well known. For example, for treatment plants facing more stringent metal removal requirements, potential metal removal by Nocardia cells in foaming activated sludge would be a welcome secondary effect. In contrast, with new viosolid disposal regulations in place (Code o( Federal Regulation No. 503), higher concentration of metals in biosolids from foaming activated sludge could create management problems. The goal of this research was to investigate the metal sorption property of Nocardia amarae cells grown in batch reactors and in chemostat reactors. Specific surface area and metal sorption characteristics of N. amarae cells harvested at various growth stages were compared. Three metals examined in this study were copper, cadmium and nickel. Nocardia amarae strain (SRWTP isolate) used in this study was obtained from the University of California at Berkeley. The pure culture was grown in 4L batch reactor containing mineral salt medium with sodium acetate as the sole carbon source. In order to quantify the sorption of heavy metal ions to N amarae cell surfaces, cells from the batch reactor were harvested, washed, and suspended in 30mL centrifuge tubes. Metal sorption studies were conducted at pH 7.0 and ionlc strength of 10-2M. The sorption Isotherm showed that the cells harvested from the stationary and endogenous growth phase exhibited significantly higher metal sorption capacity than the cells from the exponential phase. The sequence of preferential uptake of metals by N. amarae cells was Cu>Cd>Ni. The specific surFace area of Nocardia cells was determined by a dye adsorption method. N.amarae cells growing at ewponential phase had significantly less specific surface area than that of stationary phase, indicating that the lower metal sorption capacity of Nocardia cells growing at exponential phase may be due to the lower specific surface area. The growth conditions of Nocardia cells in continuous culture affect their cell surface properties, thereby governing the adsorption capacity of heavy metal. The comparison of dye sorption isotherms for Nocardia cells growing at various growth rates revealed that the cell surface area increased with increasing sludge age, indicating that the cell surface area is highly dependent on the steady-state growth rate. The highest specific surface area of 199m21g was obtained from N.amarae cell harvested at 0.33 day-1 of growth rate. This result suggests that growth condition not only alters the structure of Nocardia cell wall but also affects the surface area, thus yielding more binding sites of metal removal. After reaching the steady-state condition at dilution rate, metal adsorption isotherms were used to determine the equilibrium distributions of metals between aqueous and Nocardia cell surfaces. The metal sorption capacity of Nocardia biomass harvested from 0.33 day-1 of growth rate was significantly higher than that of cells harvested from 0.5- and 1-day-1 operation, indicatng that N.amarae cells with a lower growth rate have higher sorpion capacity. This result was in close agreement with the trend observed from the batch study. To evaluate the effect of Nocardia cells on the metal binding capacity of activated sludge, specific surface area and metal sorption capacity of the mixture of Nocardia pure cultures and activated sludge biomass were determined by a series of batch experiments. The higher levels of Nocardia cells in the Nocardia-activated sludge samples resulted in the higher specific surface area, explaining the higher metal sorption sites by the mixed luquor samples containing greater amounts on Nocardia cells. The effect of Nocardia cells on the metal sorption capacity of activated sludge was evaluated by spiking an activated sludge sample with various amounts of pre culture Nocardia cells. The results of the Langmuir isotherm model fitted to the metal sorption by various mixtures of Nocardia and activated sludge indicated that the mixture containing higher Nocardia levels had higher metal adsorption capacity than the mixture containing lower Nocardia levels. At Nocardia levels above 100mg/g VSS, the metal sorption capacity of activate sludge increased proportionally with the amount of Noeardia cells present in the mixed liquor, indicating that the presence of Nocardia may increase the viosorption capacity of activated sludge.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2013

Microsatellite markers have been a useful genetic tool in determining diversity, relationships and individual discrimination studies of livestock. The level of genetic diversity, relationships among two Korean indigenous chicken brand populations (Woorimatdag: WR, Hanhyup3: HH) as well as two pure populations (White Leghorn: WL, Rhode Island Red: RIR) were analyzed, based on 26 MS markers. A total of 191 distinct alleles were observed across the four chicken populations, and 47 (24.6%) of these alleles were unique to only one population. The mean $H_{Exp}$ and PIC were estimated as 0.667 and 0.630. Nei's $D_A$ genetic distance and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that the four populations represented four distinct groups. However, the genetic distance between each Korean indigenous chicken brand (WR, HH) and the pure population (WL, RIR) were threefold that among the WR and HH. For the STRUCTURE analyses, the most appropriate number of clusters for modeling the data was determined to be three. The expected probabilities of identity among genotypes of random individuals (PI) were calculated as $1.17{\times}10^{-49}$ (All 26 markers) and $1.14{\times}10^{-15}$, $7.33{\times}10^{-20}$ (9, 12 with the highest PI value, respectively). The results indicated that the brand chicken breed traceability system employing the own highest PI value 9 to 12 markers, and might be applicable to individual identification of Korean indigenous chicken brand.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제37집
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• pp.329-355
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• 2021

The objective of this paper is to reveal that the formation of Deleuze's system is a result of a back flow of the 'ideal of pure reason' in Kant's system. I will try to seize upon the keyword in his main book, Difference and Repetition, and examine the aspect of mutual transformation between Deleuze's transcendental empiricism and Kant's transcendentalism. When analyzing Deleuze's system, most researchers tend to focus on anti-Hegelianism, but it is proper that Kant be adopted as the start when tracing the way of deployment directly. Fundamentally, Deleuze is different from Hegel in his approach to observing entire ground of thought. Even if Deleuze surely has the capability of becoming in the dialectical context, his systemic environment wherein dialectics is applied is different even at the onset. While Hegel follows the way of origin and copy or a system that begins from a preceding point of origin, Deleuze follows a way of copy and recopy or a system that begins without a point of origin. This characteristic of Deleuze's system originates directly from idealistic play. In fact, we can anticipate and identify in his book that he refers to Kant who accepted the tradition of empiricism. Therefore, the main contents of this paper is to present an overview of Kant's influence on Deleuze's system. While tracing ideas back to Kant's system, the cohabitation of empiricism and rationalism, which Kant felicitously revoiced, there emerges a definitude of world recognition. This occurs through cohabitation, and this is both deconstructed and integrated by Deleuze, and therein definitude is turned into a vision of prosperity. To the vision of prosperity that spans definitude to recognition, a philosopher has the right to select a philosophical system because selection methodology in philosophy is not a problem of legitimacy so much as the needs of the times. Deleuze's choice resulted in the opening of pandora's box in an abyss and secret contents have in turn risen sharply.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Recently, duck meat consumption has been rapidly increased because consumers recognized duck meat for healthy food. In relation to this, Korean duck industry need to develop Korean native duck (KND) breed for both conservation perspective and self-sufficient of the breeding stocks. In this study, 24 microsatellite (MS) markers were investigated for classification of KND and commercial duck (CD) breeds in the Korean market. Using these MS markers, the calculated number of alleles (K), expected heterozygosity (He) values and polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 1~16, 0~0.865 and 0~0.841, respectively. Also, the expected probability of identical values in random individuals (PI), random sib ($PI_{sib}$) and random half-sib ($PI_{half-sib}$) were estimated as $1.64{\times}10^{-16}$, $2.60{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.30{\times}10^{-12}$, respectively. The results indicated that the expected probabilities of identity powers were enough for the individual identification. However, KND and CD breeds were not fully discriminated well using the 24 MS markers, which may CD and KND has shared same origin or crossbred. Therefore, further studies will be ultimately needed for developing a genetically pure line of KND breed even though the DNA markers used. Finally, these results will provide useful information for individual traceability system in ducks.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-49
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• 2010

Nearly NS-trending Fe-Ti ore bodies intermittently occur in the Hadong anorthosites, south Korea, irrespective of the rock types of the anorthosites. In order to determine their occurrence mode and deformation history, we collected the features of occurrence and geological structures in the field, petrographic features using thin sections of the principal constituent rocks, and geochemical data of ilmenites in the ore body using electron probe microanalysis. Fe-Ti ore bodies examined in this study are divided into two types: dike- and lamina-types. It is steadily supported that the dike-type has intruded into the anorthositic rocks after their emplacement and solidification. And the laminar-type is probably a result of the mylonitization and transposition of the dike-type ore bodies parallel to the shear planes, due to later strong dextral ductile shearing. In the meantime, the Fe-Ti ore bodies have experienced the stronger dextral shearing in the more northern part of the study area, i.e. Cheongryong-ri, Wolhoeng-ri, Jonghwa-ri, and Jayangri and Baekun-ri in ascending order of its strength, together with the less content of $TiO_2$. All ilmenites of the ore bodies have very similar chemical composition, as pure ilmenite of 52~55 wt.% in $TiO_2$ content, irrespective of the occurrence mode and degree of later ductile shearing of the ore bodies. And they didn't experience to exsolve into magnetite. The structural data indicate that the Hadong anorthosites have deformed by NNE-trending folding, intrusion of the Fe-Ti ore bodies, NNW~NNE-trending dextral ductile shearing, NW~NNW-trending sinistral semi-brittle shearing, and intrusion of NNE~NE-trending mafic dykes in descending order of chronology after the formation of foliation of the anorthositic rocks. The foliation is interpreted as a result of the accumulation of crystals that settle out from the magma by the action of gravity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.1025-1032
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• 2005

This study was carried out to separate ovotransferrin in chicken egg white by gel chromatography and heparin affinity chromatography. In gel filtration which was performed with 50mM Phosphate buffer (pH 7.2, 0.15M salt) at a flow rate of 2.0 ml/min, ovotransferrin and ovalbumin were eluted together in fraction number 11-16. In order to separate pure ovotransferrin, fraction No. 12-14 of them which have high concentration of ovotransferrin were concentrated and rechromatographed. However, the ovotransferrin did not separated clearly. In heparin affinity chromatography, the separation was performed with 50mM ethylaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, pH7.2) and 50mM Phosphate buffer (pH 7.2, 0.15M salt contained) on ferrous and ferric ion saturated column at as same flow rate as gel filtration system's. Ovotransferrin and albumin were eluted together at 10-15min (fraction No.3) and 15-20min (fraction No.4), respectively. However, purified ovotransferrin was eluted at 156-165min and 165-175min (tube No.32-33) with 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2, 0.15M salt free), respectively. Heparin affinity chromatography with ferric ion saturated column was resulted in the best separation of ovotransferrin rather than separation by gel chromatography and ferrous ion saturated heparin affinity chromatography.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.472-477
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• 1985

The rates for the aquation of $cis-[Co(en)(NH_3)_2Cl_2]Cl in acetone-water mixtures have been measured at various pressures and temperatures by the electric conductivity method. The rate constant measured at 25$^{\circ}$C in pure water solvent is 3.47 ${\times}10^{-4}$/sec. Rate constants are increased with increasing temperature, and decreased with increasing pressure and mole fraction of acetone. Activation volumes and other activation parameters are calculated from these rate constants. The activation volumes are all positive and lie in the limited range +2.82~+$8.2cm^3$/mole. The rate constants in aqueous acetone solution are analyzed with the solvent compositions. Plots of log $k_{obs}$ vs. Grunwald-Winstein Y values show that log $k_{obs}$ varies linearly and the gradients are about 0.25. The applications of a free energy cycle relating the process initial state ${\to}$ transition state in water to that in acetone-water mixture show that the changes in solvation of the transition state have a dominant effect on the rate. From these results the aquation of this complex would be discussed in terms of dissociative mechanism ($I_d$).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2156-2164
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• 2017

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered as an antitumor agent owing to its ability to induce apoptosis of cancer cells without imparting toxicity toward most normal cells. TRAIL is produced in poor yield because of its insoluble expression in the cytoplasm of E. coli. In this study, we achieved soluble expression of TRAIL by fusing maltose-binding protein (MBP), b'a' domain of protein disulfide isomerase (PDIb'a'), or protein disulfide isomerase at the N-terminus of TRAIL. The TRAIL was purified using subsequent immobilized metal affinity chromatography and amylose-binding chromatography, with the tag removal using tobacco etch virus protease. Approximately 4.5 mg of pure TRAIL was produced from 125 ml flask culture with a purification yield of 71.6%. The endotoxin level of the final product was $0.4EU/{\mu}g$, as measured by the Limulus amebocyte lysate endotoxin assay. The purified TRAIL was validated and shown to cause apoptosis of HeLa cells with an $EC_{50}$ and Hill coefficient of $0.6{{\pm}}0.03nM$ and $2.41{\pm}0.15$, respectively. The high level of apoptosis in HeLa cells following administration of purified TRAIL indicates the significance and novelty of this method for producing high-grade and high-yield TRAIL.