• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

온도(24$^{\circ}C$, 28$^{\circ}C$ 및 32$^{\circ}C$) 및 기주조건이 담배거세나방의 용발육, 성충수명 및 산란에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 용화유은 23~88%로 온도가 높을수록 높았으며, 기주별로는 인공사료, 고구마잎, 들깨잎 및 콩잎의 순서로 높았다. 용무게는 0.28~0.40g으로 온도가 낮을수록 약간 무거워지는 경향이었으며, 기주별로는 들깨잎에서 가장 무거웠으나, 그밖의 기주간에는 현저한 차이가 없었다. 용기간은 $24^{\circ}C$, 28$^{\circ}C$ 및 $32^{\circ}C$에서 각각 약 14일, 10일 및 7일로 기주에 따른 유의한 차이가 없었다. 우화율은 21~89%로 온도가 높을수록 높았으며, 기주별로는 28$^{\circ}C$와 $32^{\circ}C$에서 인공사료, 고구마잎, 들깨잎 및 콩잎의 순서로 높았으나, $24^{\circ}C$에서 인공사료, 콩잎, 들깨잎 및 고구마 잎의 순서로 높았다. 성충의 산란전기간은 $24^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$ 및 32$^{\circ}C$에서 각각 3.2일, 2.8일 및 2.5일로 온도에 따른 차이가 있었으나, 기주에 따른 차이는 없었다. 성충수명은 3.9~6.4일로 온도가 높을수록 짧았으며, 지주별는 인공사료, 고구마잎, 콩잎 및 들깨잎의 순서로 긴 경향이었고, 암컷보다 수컷에서 약간 길었다. 성충의 총 산란수는 803~1,441개로 온도 및 기주간에 변이가 심하였으나, 인공사료보다 천연기주에서 산란수가 현저히 많았다. 난괴당 난수 및 개체당 난괴수도 각각 약74~186개 및 6~14개로 온도 및 기주에 따라 변이가 심하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2012

Fifteen races resulted from silkworm breeding program at Sericulture Research Department (SRD) were used for hybridization. Fourteen hybrids were obtained and coded as; Giza C, D, R, S, T, U, A, V, W, P, H, L and Qanater 1, 2. The traits of cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, pupal weight, cocoon shell ratio, silk productivity, fifth instar duration, total larval duration, number of cocoon per liter and pupation ratio were evaluated. Data were analyzed by using three formulae of heterosis over better, mid and check parent values. Hybrids of Giza V, C, N, Qanater 1 and 2 are promising and could be used in commercial cocoon production. Generally, there are some new hybrids can be exploited in commercial scale. Also, the local races can be evolved using the hybridization, inbreeding and selection program.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1999

Effects of $\alpha$-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and $\alpha$-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), inhibitors of polyamine syntheic enzymes (ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase), on ovary were investigated during pupal-adult development of Helicoverpa assulta. Two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) showed definite inhibition effects on ovarian development. The inhibition effect on ovaries weight was more marked in DFMA-injection than that observed in DFMO-injection. Two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) gave rise to a peculiar decrease in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) or arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity in ovaries, 72 hrs (5-day old pupa) post injection. However, DFMO clearly exhibited supression of ODC activity after 96 hrs (6-day old pupa). In addition, two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) diminished putrescine content in the ovary. The spermidine level was slightly decreased by each injection of the inhibitors. However, two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) raised the spermine content at certain developmental stages in the ovary. Although the effect of DFMA was less severe, two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) caused not only an overall delay in ovarian development, but also abnormalities in cellular differentiation. Noted effects in the pupal ovary were the appearance of irregular nurse cells and partial destruction of follicle epidermal cells. Adult ovary showed rapid degradation of nurse cells, a reduction in the number of follicle epidermal cells and immature oocytes that had a low yolk content.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2009

Daba ecorace of Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), the semi domesticated Indian tropical tasar silkworm being reared outdoor; the egg and silk yields are dependent of genotype environment interaction. The insufficient maintenance and multiplication of its P4 seed stock need a coherent as well as scientific strategy to safeguard breed potential, being commercially applied ecorace. The sort-out lines of P4 stock studied over five generations highlighting on commercial trait up gradation suits for a tropical crop season, revealed enhanced performance. The line with high pupal parents (T2) shown improved fecundity (12.9%) and the line with high shell parents (T3) recorded higher shell weight (40.0%) and silk ratio (24.1%). While, the line of high pupal female and high shell male (T4) reveal enhancement in fecundity (9.0%), egg hatching (14.1%), shell weight (50.0%), silk ratio (35.2%) and absolute silk yield (52.0%) indicating the need and role of varied basic seed stock lines. The approach could improve economically vital egg fecundity and cocoon shell weights besides balancing them in same line for commercial operation. The progressive show of lines (T1 to T4) along successive generations (G1 to G5), in spite of passing through seed crop (Jul-Aug) and commercial crop (Sep-Nov) seasons emphasize their compatibility. The study infers that the strategic plan of combining preferred parental phenotypes, methodical selection for desired commercial trait(s) through generations with best possible genotype environment interaction has enriched P4 stock with elevation in needy trait(s) besides assuring choice of suitable lines for seasons and regions and timely replenishment of basic seed of Daba ecorace.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.395-406
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• 1993

본 실험은 성페로몬 실험에 필수적인 조명나방의 인공사료와 대량사육 체제를 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 영양원으로서 효모, Wesson 염, 비타민 등의 중요성을 알아보기 위하여 그들을 사료에서 삭제 또는 첨가하였다. 또하 적절한 사육방법을 고안했으며 번데기의 암경화현상에 영향을 미치는 요인도 알아 보았다. 효모의 첨가는 용무게와 용화율을 높여 주었으나 Wesson염의 첨가는 암컷 용의 무게를 감소시켰다. 효모의 대용으로 사용된 비타민은 어린 유충의 생존율을 높여 주었으나 용무게에서는 효모첨가사료의 경우 보다 가벼웠다. 용화장소로서 골판지는 매우 좋은 결과를 보였고, 용의 암경화율은 유충의 발육속도가 빠를수록 높았다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권3호통권86호
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• pp.380-386
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• 1998

눈꽃동충하초의 대량 인공재배를 위한 배양적 특징을 조사하기 위하여 기본실험을 수행하였다. 공시 배지로는 액체, 고체의 MYG(Malt yeast glucose) 배지를 이용하였고 균사생장은 $23{\sim}27^{\circ}C$의 범위의 온도에서 비교적 좋은 생장률을 나타내었으며 최적 온도는 $25^{\circ}C$, pH는 7.0에서 가장 좋은 생장을 나타내었다. 자실체 형성을 위한 부산물로서 번데기가루, 한약찌꺼기 등이 적합하였고, 눈꽃동충하초의 대량생산을 위한 간편한 방법으로서 일반 누에번데기를 균현탁액과 gelatin을 혼합한 용액을 접종원으로 이용하여 접종한 후, 배양하였을 때 우수한 자실체 형성을 보여 주었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 1997

Male specific protein (MSP) was identified and purified from the hemolymph of Galleria melloneffa L. by electrophoresis and anion exchange chromatography. MSP has a native molecular weight of 55 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography and consists of a single unit with the apparent molecular weight of 27 kDa and has the pl of approximately 5.8. MSP is present in the hemolymph from day 8 pupae throughout the male adult. MSP was also found in pupal fat body, adult fat body, and adult testis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2003

Oviposition and egg laying is an important physiological and behavioural event in the life cycle of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). Oviposition and egg laying is dependent on a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors viz., neural, hormonal, environmental, physical, behavioral etc for the perpetuation of population. Although, the virgin female moths have fully developed embryos but active egg laying begins under the influence of mating which provides essential copulation stimulus for oviposition. After mating drastic biochemical changes occurred that incites egg laying under the influence of optimum environmental conditions. Weight of pupae as well as larval density has significant role on oviposition and egg laying behaviour in the silkworm wherein high pupal weight and inadequate rearing space affects not only the biology, morphology and physiology but also the oviposition and egg laying. Surface topography, plane of inclination, mating length, age of male moth, temperature and photoperiod etc has significant effect on reproductive physiology of silkworm. An attempt has been made in this review article to elucidate briefly the works carried out on mating behaviour, direct and indirect copulation stimulus, vitellogenesis, influence of environmental factors besides effect of weight of pupae and or pharate adult and larval density on oviposition and egg laying behavior in the silkworm, B. mori and its significance in silkworm seed production.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2003

The present investigation was carried out to study the possible cause for reciprocal difference in silkworm hybrids. By utilising the polyvoltine race Pure Mysore (PM) and newly evolved breeds (CSR2, CSR5, CSR16 and CSR17), the direct and reciprocal crosses of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine and also bivoltine hybrids were studied. The hybrids of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine (direct) are superior to their reciprocal crosses in respect of cocoon yield, cocoon weight and filament length. The reciprocal crosses of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine are superior to their direct crosses in respect of fecundity and short larval duration. No significant differences were observed in the characters like cocoon shell ratio, raw silk percentage, denier, reelability and neatness in both polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine direct crosses and their reciprocals. The expression of cocoon characters as a function of sex revealed that direct crosses (polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine) showed higher cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight and longer filament length in females than the reciprocal crosses (bivoltine ${\times}$ polyvoltine), where as these characters in males were almost the same in both direct and reciprocal crosses, indicating that the sex-linked genetic factor played a more important role. it was clear that difference in cocoon yield observed in reciprocal crosses of polyvoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine was due to the low cocoon and shell weight in females which was turn due to presence of early maturity genes (Lme) linked with sex-chromosome (X) which effect on larvae period of the silkworm. In bivoltine hybrids, i.e., both direct and their reciprocals crosses, all the characters viz., hatching percentage, larval duration, survival, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, raw silk percentage, filament length, denier, reelability and neatness did not show any significant difference (except number of eggs laid by moth) which could account for presence of same maturity genes (Lm) in both direct and reciprocal crosses. it was clear that reciprocal differences occur when the hybrids are prepared from the parental strains with different voltinism.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2014

본 연구는 갈색거저리(Tenebrio molitor)의 사료로 주로 이용되는 밀기울을 대체할 사료원료 개발을 목표로 수행되었다. 대체원료로서 열풍건조시킨 귤껍질, 배추, 새송이버섯 및 팽이버섯 폐배지를 사용하였으며, 투여 후 유충의 생존율, 유충 무게, 유충의 발육기간, 용화율, 용무게를 측정하였다. 귤껍질과 배추를 첨가한 배지는 대체 먹이로 적합하지 않았다. 새송이버섯 폐배지의 모든 실험군에서 유충의 생존율은 대조군과 비슷하였으나 유충의 무게는 대조군에 비해 다소 낮게 나타났고, 유충 발육기간은 폐배지의 함량이 높아질수록 길어짐이 관찰되었다. 팽이버섯 폐배지 20~50% 첨가 조건에서 대조군과 비슷한 유충 및 용무게가 측정되었으며, 계대사육시 밀기울 사료에 40~50% 팽이버섯 폐배지를 첨가하는 것이 용화율을 고려했을 때 가장 효과적일 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로, 팽이버섯 폐배지를 40%~50% 첨가한 조건에서 기존의 밀기울 사육법과 비슷한 높은 효율성을 나타내기 때문에 팽이버섯 폐배지는 갈색거저리 유충의 대체사료로서 적합하다고 사료된다.