• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.326-326
• /
• 2022

Natto is a soybean fermented food from Japan, which is made from steamed soybean, Bacillus natto and water. Demand of Natto has increased recently because it does not have smell compared to Cheonggukfang, which is Korean traditional fermented food. Currently, Pungsannamulkong is the most commonly used in Korea for Natto. Four candidate varieties of soybeans were investigated and compared in terms of Agronomic Traits, quality characteristics, hard seed rate, and water absorption rate in order to determine more suitable Korean soybean variety than pungsannamulkong. 'Haewon' had higher yield than other three varieties in Goesan-gun and Jinan-gun. The infected seed rate which affects soybean processing is higher in pungsannamulkong. 'Haewon' showed low 100 seed weight with 8.6 g in Goesan-gun and 9.5 g in Jinan-gun, which was the smallest of four soybean varieties. The water absorption rate was higher in 'Haewon' than in pungsannamulkong which is desirable characteristics for Natto process. The hard seed rate of pungsannamulkong was 6~7%, which is considered to be unsuitable to Natto process. The yield of Natto was significantly different for each variety. 'Haewon' showed the highest amino nitrogen content with 575.0 mg%. These results suggested that 'Haewon' can be considered as suitable candidates for yield and quality of Natto compared to pungsannamulkong.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.279-283
• /
• 2004

This experiment was carried out at paddy field (commercial silty loam soil) in the southwestern Korea. Pungsannamulkong, a determinate growth habit, was a relatively high yielding and late maturing cultivar, and Han­namkong, a semi determinate growth habit, was a relatively low yielding and early maturing cultivar. Seeds were sowed at two plants and with a planting density of $70{\times}10cm$ on May 26, 2003. Fertilizer was applied prior to planting at a rate of 3.0-3.0-3.4g $(N-P_2O_5-K_2O)\;per\;m^2$ by all basal fertilizations. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Seed yield was higher in Pungsannamulkong by 362g per $m^2$ than in Hannamkong of 260g per $m^2$ Also, the number of pod, number of seed, and number of seed per pod were greater in Pungsannamulkong than in Hannamkong. The number of leaves per $m^2$ showed similar with two soybean cultivars up to August 24 but thereafter it decreased in Hannamkong. The leaf area up to August 4 increased in Hannamkong higher than in Pungsannamulkong, but after that time, Pungsannamulkong had greater leaf area than Hannamkong. The shoot and leaf dry matter of two soybean cultivars from June 23 to August 4 were similar but thereafter, Pungsannamulkong had a significantly greater than Hannamkong. Crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilate rate (NAR) for Punsannamulkong were relatively higher than Hannamkong but leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf weight (SLW) showed higher in Hannamkong. Most of leaves distributed in the ranges of 80-90cm and 60-70cm from the soil surface in Punsannamulkong and Hannamkong, respectively. Pods of Punsannamulkong ranged 10-80cm from the soil surface and most of pods were distributed at 40-50cm. Photosynthetic rate at the flowering stage showed a significant difference between cultivars in the upper most leaf position. There was no significant difference of the photosynthetic rate at $7^{tn}$ leaf at the flowering stage, and the uppermost and 7th leaf position at the seed development stage between two soybean cultivars.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.44 no.4 s.141
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2005

The soybean varieties the bean bug preferred the least were Kwangankong, Namhaekong, Sunamkong, Sorogkong, and Anpyeongkong, and next to them was Pungsannamulkong, among 25 varieties examined. Myongjunamulkong and Eunhakong supported a good growth of the bug as the daily gains of weight of 3rd instar nymphs were 14,9 and 13.9 mg, respectively. On the other hand the bug on Punsannamulkong gained weight daily as little as 10.1 mg. On Pungsannamulkong the nymphal development of the bean bug took $24.5{\pm}2.1$ days, about three days longer than those on Myunjunamulkong and Eunhakong. The survival of the bean bug on Punsannamulkong was 83%, slightly lower than those on Myunjunarnulkong and Eunhakong. It seemed evident that Pungsannamulkong have a non-preference type resistance to the bean bug.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2008

Isoflavone content in various parts of six soybean cultivars and soybean sprout during germination was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The parts analyzed were seed coat, cotyledon, and axis for seeds and whole sprout, root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon for sprout. Two cultivars, Aga3 which is known to have the smallest seed size and the highest isoflavone content among the Korean soybean cultivars and Pungsannamulkong which is the most widely being used as soy-sprout, were selected for sampling from 1 to 10 days after germination. At the same weight, the order of isoflavone content increased from seed coat to cotyledon to axis. The highest total isoflavone(isoflavone$\times$dry weight) content was observed in the cotyledon and the lowest in the seed coat. The cotyledon of the Aga3 variety had the highest total isoflavone content and the lowest was measured in the Pungsannamulkong variety. The highest total isoflavone content, $10,788{\mu}g/g$, was observed in whole sprouts(cotyledon+hypocotyl+root) on day 7 for Aga3. After day 7, there was a decreasing trend in isoflavone content as the germination period increased. Total isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Aga3 significantly increased after seed germination, whereas the isoflavone content in the cotyledon of Pungsannamulkong decreased. However, total isoflavone content in the root of both varieties increased while isoflavone content in the hypocotyls decreased after seed germination.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 2014

The physicochemical and sensory properties of bean sprouts with different namulkong cultivars were examined. The five namulkong cultivars included were as follows : Nokchaekong, Dawonkong, Seonamkong, Orialtae, and Pungsannamulkong with light green, black, yellow, dark green, and yellow seed coats, respectively. The bean sprouts were cultivated in a lab and were used for analyses. The instrumental textural hardness and lipoxygenase activity of the heads were higher than those of the stems in both fresh and boiled bean sprouts. The 3 minutes of boiling caused a decrease in the hardness and lipoxygenase activity of the heads and the stems. The chlorophyll a and b contents in the heads were higher than those in the stems, and they decreased with boiling. The fresh bean sprouts with Dawonkong, Seonamkong and Pungsannamulkong showed higher acceptability than those with Nokchaekong and Orialtae. The higher acceptability was observed in the boiled and flavored bean sprouts with Seonamkong and Pungsannamulkong.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.204-208
• /
• 2006

Soybean sprout decay during its culture should be one of serious problems. The study was carried out to clarify the effect of water imbibition and acetic acid treatments on growth and morphological characters of the soybean sprouts. The soybean seeds of 3 cultivars (cv. Eunhakong, Pungsannamulkong and Junjery) imbibed in pure water or 0.l% acetic acid for 3 minutes before soaked for 6 hours into 1 ppm BA solution and aerated for 3 hours immediately before 6 day culture. On the 6th day, the sprouts were classified into 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, > 4cm and not germinated and seed floating rate, their morphological characters, fresh fraction weights and productivity were measured. The best water imbibition for seed cleaning was to soak the seeds for 5 minutes and then to aerate soak them for 40 minutes. In Pungsannamulkong and Junjery, percentage of the sprouts with hypocotyls of longer than 4 cm was higher in water imbibition than in acetic acid treatment for seed disinfection although in Eunhakong there was no significant difference between the two treatments. Eunhakong and Junjery had greater lateral root formation rate and its number per sprout in water imbibition than in acetic acid treatment but Pungsannamulkong showed reverse result. Eunhakong and Pungsannamulkong, furthermore, had more total fresh weight in acetic acid treatment than in water imbibition but Junjery showed reverse result, although there was no significant difference between the two treatments in productivity of mass production system.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.26
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2008

It is known that the content of asparagine, an excellent detoxifying substance of alcohols in human body, is the highest in the roots of soy-sprout. At the same time, it is inferred that soy-sprouts producing more roots are better for detoxifying. In this experiment, the effects of room temperatures on number of watering per day, and duration of soy-sprout culture were carefully investigated. Some of the results obtained are as follows; 1. The yield rate of soy-sprouts for Agakong and Pungsannamulkong was continuously increased up to 9 days. It was higher in room temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ than in $20^{\circ}C$ and was the highest at 8th day of culture with 5 times of watering per day. 2. The asparagine content in soy-sprouts of Agakong and Pungsannamulkong was the highest in cotyledon and the lowest in roots. This rate was higher in the room temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ than in $30^{\circ}C$. 3. The highest asparagine content of soy-sprout of Agakong was 18.9%, obtained in the room temperature of $30^{\circ}C$, cultivated for 8 days with 5 times of watering per day. 4. The highest asparagine content of Pungsannamulkong was 18.8%, obtained in hypocotyl cultivated in the room temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 days with the number of 2 times watering per day. 5. When an cultivation apparatus of 5 liters volume was used, the optimum seed amount for the highest yield rate was 300g for Agakong and 500g for Pungsannamulkong. At the same time, the number of lateral roots showed increasing tendency with more amounts of soybean seeds used.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2018.04a
• /
• pp.36-36
• /
• 2018

Soybean is the important crop in Asian countries as protein source, oil production and animal feed. Improving soybean using genetic transformation is the principal tool in nowadays. Developing herbicide resistant transgenic soybean plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been worked in many previous studied. However, the transformation efficiency is still low. Many attempts try to find the optimum media condition for plant regeneration after infection. After transformation, the plant regeneration is very important condition to promote growth of transgenic plant. In this study, we optimized a regeneration condition for two Korean soybean cultivar, Dawonkong and Pungsannamulkong using cotyledon, cotyledonary nodes and hypocotyl as explant. The results showed that shoot regeneration of cotyledonary nodes on B5 medium containing 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine showed the highest percentage of regeneration in Dawonkong (75.8%) while Pungsannamulkong presented high number of shoots 2.12 shoots per explant. For transformation condition, co-cultivation in 7 days showed a high number of GUS positive expression. Most of explants can survived under media including 5 mg/L of glufocinate which refers phosphinotricin for 2-week selection. Washing with 400 mg/L of cefotaxime in several times and selection in plant regeneration media with 400 mg/L of cefotaxime can prevent bacteria growth, effectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2022.10a
• /
• pp.223-223
• /
• 2022

Saengcheonggukjang, known as Natto in Japan, is a Korean fermented soybean food that has various bioactive compounds for antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. The development of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars for saengcheonggukjang production relies on the selection of seed traits that influence the quality and sensory properties. One of the important traits for cultivars is seed characteristics such as seed hardness and size. In order to select the lines for breeding good quality saengcheonggukjang varieties, several simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to seed quality of Korean cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Socheongja, Pungwon, Heawon, and Hoseo, were analyzed. Based on the many studies to detect stable QTLs for seed traits, we tested several QTLs related to seed size and water absorbability using SSR markers on Korean cultivars. The results showed that two regions for water absorbability of Pungsannamulkong and one region for seed size traits of Haewon and Hoseo were identified in this study. These results could have applications to soybean breeding for seed size and hardness and it is necessary to narrow it down through further study.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2010

Stress from excess water is one of the most harmful limiting factor in soybean yield during the wet season under the climate conditions. Soybean is very sensitive to excess water compare to other crops. This experiment was carried out to identify the growth responses for establishing a screening system related to waterlogging tolerance in soybean from 2003 to 2004. The root dry weight accumulation rate of per day for 21 days after waterlogging at V5 stage was the highest in Pungsannamulkong (47~56% of control) and was the lowest in Jangyeobkong (26~27% of control). The nodules dry weight recovery rate was the highest in Pungsannamulkong (83~91% of control), while the lowest in Myungjunamulkong (48~66% of control). After waterlogging, recovery rate of roots was high, which increased the root/shoot ratio of Pungsannamulkong, which also produced significantly more adventitious roots than in Jangyeobkong. The percentage of adventitious roots fresh weight to the total roots fresh weight was the lowest in Myungjunamulkong (14%), while the highest in Pungsannamulkong (38%). This results implies that the water and nutrients absorbing ability of Pungsannamulkong is more higher than that of Myungjunamulkong during late growth period.